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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of 6-chloro carbohydrates (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 139-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that 6-chloro sugar derivatives are thermally less stable than the corresponding unsubstituted carbohydrates. When heated, they generate hydrogen chloride which catalyzes a series of heterolytic reactions including transglycosylation, dehydration, inter- and intramolecular etherification, and condensation. The latter products are ultimately carbonized through free-radical reactions producing large amounts of char.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200113
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of 6-chlorocellulose and cellulose-zinc chloride mixture (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1183-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Introduction of chlorine as a substituent or addition of zinc chloride lowers the decomposition temperature of cellulose and suppresses the flaming combustion by reducing the rate of production and the total amount of combustible volatiles. Samples of 6-chloro-6-deoxycellulose, with a low D.S., start to decompose with dehydrohalogenation. The resulting hydrogen chloride catalyzes the transglycosylation, dehydration, condensation and charring reactions as evidenced by production of large amounts of levoglucosenone, condensed tar, and char. A similar effect was produced by zinc chloride, except that it provided less levoglucosenone and more 3,6-anhydroglucose derivatives. Also, a larger amount of the additive was required to reach the optimal effect.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of cellulose in air and nitrogen at low temperatures (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1431-1442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal analysis and kinetic studies have shown that oxidative reactions are responsible for acceleration in the rates of weight loss and depolymerization of cellulose on pyrolysis in air at temperatures below 300°C. The oxidative reactions include production of hydroperoxide, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups, which have been investigated at lower temperatures along with the rates of depolymerization and production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The experimental results are consistent with an autoxidation mechanism involving initiation, propagation, and decomposition reactions. At temperatures above 300°, the rate of pyrolysis is essentially the same in both air and nitrogen, indicating that thermal degradation is independent of the oxidative reactions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230513
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