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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 511-533 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of x-ray small-angle scattering from fractionated linear polyethylene crystallized from the melt was determined experimentally over a range of temperatures from room temperature to the melting point. It was found in general that only the most intense of the several small-angle peaks exhibited a thermally dependent behavior. Below the crystallization temperature this peak increased in intensity with temperature, at constant peak position. Recrystallization was manifest in a discontinuous shift of the peak. During isothermal crystallization, the peak intensity first increased, then decreased, with time. It is concluded from supplementary electron microscopy and from the behavior of the peak that its position reflects the period of stacking of lamellae and that its intensity is controlled primarily by the thickness of the layer separating lamellae. The reversible peak intensity effect is attributed to an entropydriven growth of the interlamellar layer at the expense of the crystalline lamellae. The intensity effects observed during crystallization are associated with the primary and secondary phases of crystallization. Lamellar surface free energies were computed from melting point observations and were found to increase with molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using a modification of the agar gel method for bone marrow culture, serum from various strains of mice has been tested for colony stimulating activity. Ninety percent of sera from AKR mice with spontaneous or transplanted lymphoid leukemia and 40-50% of sera from normal or preleukemic AKR mice stimulated colony formation by C57B1 bone marrow cells. Sera from 6% of C3H and 30% of C57B1 mice stimulated similar colony formation. The incidence of sera with colony stimulating activity rose with increasing age. All colonies were initially mainly granulocytic in nature but later became pure populations of mononuclear cells.Bone marrow cells exhibited considerable variation in their responsiveness to stimulation by mouse serum. Increasing the serum dose increased the number and size of bone marrow cell colonies and with optimal serum doses, 1 in 1000 bone marrow cells formed a cell colony. Preincubation of cells with active serum did not stimulate colony formation by washed bone marrow cells.The active factor in serum was filterable, non-dialysable and heat and ether labile.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An analysis has been made of cell colonies developing in agar cultures from mouse bone marrow cells following stimulation either by neonatal kidney cell feeder layers or AKR lymphoid leukemia serum. Colonies arose by cell proliferation and were mixtures of granulocytic and mononuclear cells.Colonies stimulated by kidney feeder layers reached a mean size of 2000 cells by day 10 of incubation and remained predominantly granulocytic in nature. When bovine serum was substituted for fetal calf serum, cell colonies grew to a smaller size and lost their granulocytic nature, finally becoming almost pure populations of mononuclear cells.Colonies stimulated by AKR leukemic serum reached a mean size of 350 cells by day 10 of incubation. Although these colonies initially were granulocytic in nature, they finally became almost pure populations of mononuclear cells.The colony mononuclear cells actively phagocytosed carbon, and contained metachromatic granules probably derived from ingestion of agar.The mononuclear cells in these colonies may not have been members of the original colony, but may have been incorporated in the colony as it expanded in size, subsequently proliferating in the favourable environment of the colony.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 109 (1981), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of bacterial infection on CSF production, CFU-C activation, and bacterial clearance by mature granulocytes in mice infected with Escherichia coli. These studies have shown that immediately after bacterial infection (5 minutes), serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF) levels and bone marrow colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) levels are elevated. This is followed by oscillator rises in both of these parameters and the appearance of granulocytes in the infected site. With clearance of bacteria, CSF and CFU-C levels return to normal. These studies have indicated further that bacterial infection is a major stimulus for granulocyte production through the CSF-CFU-C system and that clearance of bacteria by mature granulocytes may serve as a negative feedback regulatory arm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 7 (1985), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Strong suppression of molecular ions in positive secondary ion mass spectra (SIMS) is achieved by electric isolation of a specimen (SI) with an electrically charged aperture situated immediately above its surface. This technique is also useful for controlling the surface charging on an insulator. The origin of this phenomenon has been explored using metals and semiconductors as models. The strong molecular suppression effect is found to result from the very high ion kinetic energies (〉400 eV) emerging from the surface under SI conditions. The charged aperture is believed to stabilize surface charging by confining it within a small region. SI methods for reducing molecular ions in silicon and mild steel specimens reduce major molecular fragments by 3-4 orders of magnitude.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 21 (1888), S. 2034-2035 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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