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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene sensitized by the addition of chloronitroso compounds (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2121-2130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It was found that chloronitroso compounds with a free non-conjugated nitroso group show a considerable sensitizing activity in respect to the process of photochemical degradation of dissolved cis-1,4-polyisoprene, which is induced by visible radiation (4000-7000 A.). The effect of 10 chloronitroso sensitizing compounds were investigated. The highest sensitizing activity was found with compounds 2,2-chloronitrosopropane and 1,1-chloronitrosocyclohexane. The maximum wavelength, of which the decrease of relative viscosity of solutions was the highest, was determined for 2,2-chloronitrosopropane. The highest sensitizing activity of chloronitroso compounds was found for wavelengths corresponding to the absorption maximum of the sensitizer added. The theory of the sensitizing activity of chloronitroso compounds is proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090609
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the photo-oxidation mechanism of polymers. VI. The role of commercial thermostabilizers in the photostability of poly(vinyl chloride)Presented at IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry, Leuven, Belgium, June 2-4, 1976. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 2211-2223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents a study on the photolysis of PVC in the presence of different types of tin stabilizers. Using physicochemical methods such as ESR spectroscopy, conductivity titration, gel permeation chromatography, and absorption spectroscopy, the mechanism of PVC photolysis has been investigated. ESR spectroscopy shows that during UV irradiation of tin stabilizers, different types of free radicals depending on the chemical structure of the examined compounds are formed. It has been found that the presence of tin stabilizers does not significantly influence the photo-oxidation and degradation of PVC but influences the crosslinking processes. The authors propose an interpretation of the free-radical formation during UV photolysis of tin stabilizers and of the crosslinking acceleration mechanism.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hindered piperidine (HALS) compounds for the stabilization of polypropylene against oxidation reactions caused by ozone and oxidative products formed during photolysis of ozone (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1067-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The role of hindered piperidine (HALS) photostabilizers for the photostabilization of polypropylene films against oxidative reactions caused by ozone and oxidative species formed during photolysis of ozone under UV irradiation (i.e., atomic oxygen and singlet oxygen) has been investigated and discussed. It has been found that ozonization and/or photoozonization of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine (I) and piperidinoxy radical (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-1-oxy) (II) gives a high yield (91-98%) 2,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-6-nitro-heptane. Ozonization and/or photoozonization of HALS probably occur by a similar mechanism as reported for (I) and (II). HALS photostabilizer reacts with ozone and/or photolysis products of ozone (atomic oxygen and/or singlet oxygen) and loses its function in the photostabilization process. For that reason protection of polypropylene against photooxidative degradation and photoozonization is of great commercial importance.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of hydroxyl (HO•) and hydroperoxyl (HO•2) radicals generated chemically and photochemically with poly(ethylene oxide)This article was partially presented at the International Symposium on Polymers (November 1-5, 1993, Cancun, Mexico) and the Third Pacific Polymer Conference (December 13-17, 1993, Gold Coast, Australia). (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 879-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(ethylene oxide) ; (poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) ; PEO ; hydrogen peroxide ; hydroxyl radicals ; hydroperoxyl radicals ; chain scission process ; oxidative degradation ; photodegradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(ethylene oxide) (poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) is rapidly oxidized by hydroxyl (HO•) and hydroperoxyl (HO•2) radicals generated by photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or by the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 by metallic silver. This process is accompanied by a chain scission during which the molecular weight decreases and the polydispersity changes. As a result of this process, the crystalline structure of poly(ethylene oxide) disappears, and the polymer becomes completely amorphous. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330601
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal salts of 2(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid as a new class of effective photostabilizers (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1988.140260103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topics in current chemistry, A. de Meijere, ed., Springer-Verlag, New Jersey, 1988, 217 pp. Price: $89.00 (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 27 (1989), S. 177-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1989.140270507
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinitiated degradation of polymers by metal salts-recent developments (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 247 (1997), S. 111-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper reexamines the role of transition metal salts (mainly CuCl2 and FeCl3) in the photooxidative degradation of polymers. Metal salts belong to external impurities originated in polymers from synthesis, processing, storage, contacts with metal corrosion, etching reactions, etc. Transition metal salts in the presence of water become very reactive species. In such metal chlorides as CuCl2 and FeCl3 UV and/or visible light irradiation causes an electron-transfer from Cl- to metal cation. The produced chlorine radical can abstract hydrogen atom from a polymer molecule giving polymer alkyl radical. which is easily oxidized in air. This process is accompanied with a chain scission reaction which is responsible for the degradation of a polymer. Mechanisms of these reactions are discussed in detail.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052470108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of some poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends: PVC/ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers and PVC/butadiene-acrylonitrile (NBR) copolymers (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 278-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and its blends with polybutadiene-acrylonitrile (NBR) (containing 21.7 weight-percent acrylonitrile (AN), a heterogeneous two-phase system; and containing 41.6 weight-percent of AN, a homogeneous one-phase system) and with polyethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) (containing 45 weight-percent of vinyl acetate (VA), a heterogenous two-phase system; and containing 65 weight-percent VA, a homogeneous one-phase system) were UV-irradiated (at 3500 Å UV-light (solar spectrum)). After UV irradiation the kinetics measurements were made of the formation of hydroperoxy (OOH) and carbonyl (CO) groups and the changes of mechanical properties: tensile strength, elongation to break, and impact energy. As a result of the photooxidative degradation of PVC blends, decreases of mechanical properties were observed. The effects are more severe in PVC/NBR blends, which contain unsaturated bonds (polybutadiene segments) than in the case of PVC/EVA. The phase structure plays an evident role on the UV degradation only of PVC/NBR blends. The photostability of PVC blends can be slightly improved by introducing Tinuvin P or Ni-chelates photostabilizers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240409
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of poly(acrylic acid)-Hf,Ti,Zr(IV) chloride gels and their potential application in dentistry (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2321-2327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(acrylic acid) [poly(polypropenoic acid)] (PAA) can form stable and insoluble, colorless hydrogels with HfCl4, TiCl4, and ZrCl, in water. Two carboxylic groups of PAA are complexed by the M(OH)22+ ions. Hydrogels formed from PAA-MCl2,(OH)2, (where M = Hf, Zr) (2 : 1) have found practical application in the blocking of microscopic channels in tooth dentin, and thereby decrease the fluid permeability and protect against tooth decay. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of singlet oxygen in photo-oxidative degradation and photostabilization of polymersPresented at the International Symposium on Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers, Brussels, Belgium, September 11-13, 1974. (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 40-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Evidence is presented that singlet oxygen may have an important role in the photo-oxidation of polymers. Increased attention is being paid to singlet oxygen as a possible reactive intermediate in the initiation step of the photodegradation of polymers. Singlet oxygen may be produced by energy transfer either from impurities or internal groups after excitation, e.g. carbonyl groups, which are present in commercial polymers. As a consequence, reactions of singlet oxygen may also be important in the stabilization of polymers, e.g. leading to search for new and more effective antioxidants.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150107
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