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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2229-2234 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: tetrafluoroethylene ; propylene ; emulsion redox copolymerization ; fluoroelastomers ; reaction conditions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene with ammonium perfluorooctanoate, initiated by a redox system containing tert-butylperbenzoate (TBPB) was carried out. The effect of the components of the redox system Is (TBPB, FeSO4.7H2O, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and CH2(OH)SO2Na.2H2O) on the polymerization rate (R) and molecular weight ($\[ \bar M_n \] $) was studied. Among redox system components, Fe2+ concentration exerts the most significant effect (by power of 0.54) on the polymerization rate. It was found that R ∝ [Is]0.2-0.54 and Mn ∝ [Is]0.0-0.1 and polymerization reaction scheme was suggested for the action of the initiating system. The influence of the copolymerization conditions (pressure, temperature, stirring speed, and pH) is also discussed. The apparent activation energy of the reaction was found to be 46.0 kJ/mol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1083-1088 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: tetrafluoroethylene ; propylene ; bulk copolymerization ; kinetics ; properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bulk copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) with propylene (P) initiated by tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) in the temperature interval 323-363 K, monomer pressure from 2 to 9 MPa, and TFE and P molar ratio from 20/80 to 90/10 was carried out. The effect of these reaction conditions on the yield, molecular weight, and polymer composition of the copolymer synthesized was studied. Rubber-like alternating copolymers in a wide range of monomer compositions of TFE and P (from 40 to 80 mol %) were obtained. The reaction proceeds in a stationary state without an induction period. Monomolecular chain transfer reaction (Cp = 5 × 10-4) to propylene takes place. The relative reactivity ratio of P and TFE (0.15 and 0.01, respectively) and apparent activation energy Eα = 75.8 kJ/mol of the reaction were determined.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2235-2239 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: tetrafluoroethylene ; propylene ; emulsion redox copolymerization ; fluoroelastomers ; polymerization mechanism ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Emulsion copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and propylene (P) initiated by trilon-rongalite catalytic system containing tert-C4H9OH, initial monomer mixture, emulsifier (C7F15COONH4) concentration, and monomer mixture/water ratio on the polymerization rate (R) and molecular weight (M̄n) was investigated. Both R and M̄n increased considerably with TFE content in monomer mixture up to 75 mol %. Alternating rubber-like copolymers in a wide range of initial monomer mixture (from 55-85 mol %) were obtained. The reactivity ratio was found to be rTFE = 0.005 ± 0.04 and rp = 0.17 ± 0.07. Above the critical miscelle concentration, the effects of the initiating system Is and emulsifier Cs on R and M̄n were found to obey the following relations: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {R \propto [Is]^{0.54} \times [Cs]^{0.42} }\quad {{\rm and}}\quad {\bar M}_n \propto [Is]^{ - 0.1} \times [Cs]^{0.1} ,$$\end{document} according to which emulsion copolymerization proceeds by the I case of Smith-Ewart theory. Polymerization mechanism of the reaction studied was suggested. The copolymerization is mainly terminated by degradative chain transfer of the propagating radicals to propylene. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 546-548 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Trioxan-Herstellung aus sauren Formaldehyd-Lösungen (2% H2SO4, 80 bis 116 °C) wurde untersucht. Für die Trioxan-Herstellung wurde eine kinetische Gleichung abgeleitet, die mit den experimentell erhaltenen Werten gut übereinstimmt. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich zur Projektierung von Anlagen für die Trioxan-Herstellung verwenden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1128-1130 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Untersuchung der Trioxan-Acidolyse in wäßrigen Lösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen an Formaldehyd und Trioxan bei 81, 91 und 101°C in 2-bzw. 4proz. Schwefelsäure ermöglichte die Berechnung der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten. Die Reaktion wird autokatalytisch beschleunigt und verläft nach einer einheitlichen kinetischen Gleichung. Die Beobachtung verschiedener Autoren, daß die Acidolyse eine Reaktion erster Ordnung sei, trifft nur bei niedrigen Konzentrationen an Formaldehyd zu Beginn der Umsetzung (weniger als 20%) und niedrigen Temperaturen zu.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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