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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and rheological properties of polypropylene-linear low density polyethylene blends (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 670-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic shear viscosity and the morphology of polypropylene homopolymer and copolymer blended with linear low density polyethylene are studied. A maximum in the dynamic shear viscosity vs. blend composition is reported for the polypropylene copolymer, linear low density polyethylene system. The increasing dynamic shear viscosity is in accordance with the occurrence of a morphology of polyethylene inclusions in rubber surrounded by a polypropylene matrix. Comparing calculations of the dynamic shear viscosities - based on a shell model with interlayer - and experimental results supports this view.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolyamides of nylon-4,6 and nylon-4,T (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolyamides of nylon-4,6 and nylon-4,T were prepared by a two-step method: (1) a prepolymerization in an autoclave (40 min at 210°C) and (2) a postcondensation in the solid state (4 h, 260°C). On these materials was studied the melting behavior with DSC, the crystalline structure with WAXS, the water absorption, and the mechanical properties with a torsion pendulum. In these copolyamides the order was found to remain high, but the crystalline structures of -4,6 and -4,T were not isomorphous. The torsion moduli increased with -4,T content both at RT and at 140°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the interfacial dielectric loss process in glass bead-filled polyethylene (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the interfacial dielectric loss process in glass bead-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) due to an interfacially adsorbed water layer has been studied. The frequency of maximum dielectric loss shifts to lower frequencies with decreasing temperature. This is thought to be due to decreasing mobility of the free charge carriers in the adsorbed water layer, resulting in the reduced conductivity of the layer. The shifting of the loss peaks with temperature can be described with the well-known Arrhenius relation. The energy of activation, as obtained from this relation, shows a stron dependence on the thickness of the adsorbed layer. For thinner layers a higher activation energy is found, indicating that the charge carriers are increasingly affected by the presence of a layer of bound charges on the glass surface. This thickness dependence of the activation energy offers some possible applications. First, information on the water layer thickness can be extracted from the energy of activation, and second, it becomes possible to study the effect of interfacial modifications such as the application of coupling agents.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of blends of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 697-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The low frequency dielectric properties of polymeric blends of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were studied in the temperature interval of 100 to 170°C. Attention was focused on a 60/40 (m/m) PC/ABS blend. The results were compared with dynamic mechanical measurements in torsion and with the results of a morphological investigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides the relaxations at the glass transition temperatures of the components an additional strong low frequency dielectric dispersion was observed, which was not found in mechanical measurements. This low frequency polarization process is due to interfacial polarization at the boundaries between conductive ABS and non-conductive or slightly-conductive PC. It is shown how this process can be described by the dielectric models for two-phase heterogeneous materials. The Looyenga model offers the best description of the detected effects, while the Hanai model is less suitable. The shape factor of the ABS phase as used for modeling the dielectric properties agrees well with the observed morphology using SEM. It is shown for the dielectric measurements on the 75/25, 60/40, and 45/55 (m/m) PC/ABS blends how the connectivity of the ABS phase can be sensitively derived from the eletrical conductivity of the blend, whereas mechanical measurements are highly senstive to the connectivity of the PC phase.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and temperature dependence of molecular and micromechanical transitions in PPO/PMMA/P(S-g-EO) blends (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1569-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: blends ; compatibilizer ; interphase ; micromechanical transition ; activation energy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The frequency and temperature dependence of molecular and micromechanical transitions were studied in polymer blends with an interphase. The viscoelastic properties of poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends that were compatibilized by a poly(styrene-graft-ethylene oxide) (P(S-g-EO)) copolymer were studied by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) and the experimental data were compared with an interlayer model. The addition of the copolymer resulted in a micromechanical transition, and the relation between the volume fraction of interphase, the activation energy of the micromechanical transition, and the micromechanical transition temperature was studied. A qualitative agreement between experiments and theory was achieved. The quantitative difference was explained by partial mixing of PPO and/or PMMA with the copolymer in the interphase. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansivity and bulk modulus of polymer composites: Experiment versus theory (1989)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 10 (1989), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Correlations between the thermal expansivity, αc, and the compressibility, Kc, of particulate-filled polymer melts are explored in terms of two different theories and in connection with experiments. Both theories employed [an interlayer approach based on micromechanics (IM), and a molecular one starting from the statistical thermodynamics of mixtures (MM)] account for the effect of filler-matrix interactions, viewed as a system-dependent parameter. The concentration dependences of αc and Kc calculated using either IM or MM agree well with experiments on polyurethane and epoxy composites, and it is possible to predict αc based on Kc experimentation. In MM this is always true, but in IM it depends on a knowledge of relations between α and K of the constituents. This point remains to be explored further.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750100604
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubber-filler interaction effects on the solid state dynamic mechanical properties of polyethylene/EPDM/calcium carbonate composites (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Composites of polyethylene, ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and calcium carbonate are milled and analyzed by solid state dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. The torsion pendulum measurements show that the multicomponent composites exhibit complex viscoelastic behavior. In composites of polyethylene and calcium carbonate, the experimentally observed modulus enhancement is greater than that expected from the properties of the constituent materials, assuming well-dispersed inclusions. In composites of polyethylene, rubber, and calcium carbonate, interactions of the rubber with the filler surface are significant. Specifically, maleic anhydride modification of the EPDM results in rubber-filler interactions that drastically influence the properties of the composite. The maleic anhydride modification results in a morphology with more rubber around the filler particles and thus an enhanced rubber glass transition peak. The rubber-filler interaction has been attributed to salt formation at the filler surface. The interaction was also detected by solid state proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation experiments. Treatment of the filler surface with gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) or gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) has significant influence on the dynamic mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130312
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