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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of bifunctional monodisperse poly(N-isovaleryl ethyleneimine) (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1455-1461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A bifunctional initiator, ethanediyl 1,2-bis(2-isobutyl oxazolinium trifluoromethane sulfonate) was prepared and used for the ring opening polymerization of 2-isobutyl oxazoline. Polymerizations were run in CH3CN at 80 and 60°C and in sulfolane at 80°C. The molecular weight distributions of the poly(N-isovaleryl ethyleneimine)s produced, M/I ≤ 45, approached Poisson distribution.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240704
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinked liquid crystal polymers from liquid crystal monomers: Synthesis and mechanical properties (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 183-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: smectic ; liquid crystal ; acrylate ; biphenol mesogen ; glass transition temperature ; density ; crosslinked ; photopolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Difunctional acrylates and methacrylate monomers have been made which are high order smectic liquid crystal (or crystalline) at room temperature. This report discusses materials with the following structure: F-S-M-S-F, where F is a functional group, acrylate or methacrylate (A or M); S is a spacer (CH2)n(n), and M is a mesogen - in this case 4,4′-dioxybiphenyl (B). They are codified as BnA or BnM where n is the number of methylenes in the spacer. High conversion with high Tg can be obtained when polymerizing in the smectic state because the reactive end groups are concentrated in a small volume and can react well with little or no diffusion. B2A, B3A, B6A, B11A, and B3M were polymerized in the smectic state and compared to polymers made at temperatures where the monomers were isotropic. High conversion was obtained below final Tg - even then, probably because the polymers were ordered. All the polymers were studied by WAXD and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Solid-state NMR on B3A showed that there was very high conversion of the double bonds at all temperatures. B3A photopolymerized in the smectic state (60-76°C) produced a crystalline polymer with Tg = 185°C (1 Hz). When photopolymerized at 85°C, above the isotropization temperature (Ti), a poorly organized polymer was obtained with a Tg of 155°C (1 Hz). Monomers with an odd number of methylene groups as spacers were crystalline after polymerization. With an even number of methylene groups, they lost most of their crystallinity on polymerization below Ti, but retained a low order smectic structure. Similar structures were obtained with all the monomers when they were polymerized above Ti. There was little effect of polymerization temperature on Tg when the spacers had an even number of methylene groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310122
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. III. Copolymers with pendant epoxy and imidazole groups (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2701-2709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; copolymers ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; olefin ; pendant ; epoxy ; imidazole ; surface properties ; anticorrosion ; coatings ; epoxidation ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(N-acylethylenimines) with epoxy or imidazole groups randomly attached to the end of the side chains were synthesized from decenyl/heptyl oxazoline random copolymers. They are named as DH(m/n)-epoxy and DH(m/n)-imidazole, respectively, and the starting polymers are named as DH(m/n), where m and n represent the calculated numbers of monomers with and without epoxy or imidazole groups. The DH(m/n)-epoxy polymers with 20-60 mol % of epoxy crystallize two dimensionally with crystalline polymethylene plane separated by amorphous epoxy groups. The DH(m/n)-imidazole polymers are difficult to crystallize due to the strong interaction between the bulky imidazole group and amide group. Though the imidazole containing polymers are difficult to crystallize, they are good anticorrosion coatings as demonstrated by a preliminary anticorrosion test of the DH(20/80)-imidazole polymer on electrogalvanized steel, zinc/nickel electroplated steel, and hot dipped galvanized steel. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. I. Copolymers with pendant olefin groups (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2679-2688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; copolymers ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; olefin ; allyl ; pendant ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Decenyl (D) and heptyl (H) oxazolines were copolymerized in o-dichlorobenzene solvent using methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate as an initiator. A series of decenyl/heptyl oxazolines random copolymers (or DH copolymers) with a total degree of polymerization of 100 and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained. These copolymers are considered as the poly(N-acylethylenimine)s with allyl pendant groups randomly attached to the far end of their polymethylene, (SINGLE BOND)(CH2)7(SINGLE BOND), side chains. The polymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR. Both DSC and x-ray diffractometer demonstrated that the polymers are highly crystalline. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-acyl or N-aroyl ethylenimines) containing various pendant functional groups. V. Random copolymers of 4-allyloxy and 4-methoxy phenyl oxazolines and their adducts with mercaptoacetic acid (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2719-2727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; poly(N-acylethylenimines) ; poly(N-aroylethylenimines) ; copolymers ; allyloxy ; methoxyphenyl ; carboxyl ; mercaptoacetic acid ; pendant ; DSC ; WAXD ; crystalline ; surface properties ; adhesion ; anticorrosion ; coatings ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Methoxyphenyl oxazoline (MPO) was synthesized from 4-methoxybenzonitrile and ethanolamine by using cadmium acetate as a catalyst. 4-Allyloxy phenyl oxazoline (APO) was synthesized from 4-allyloxybenzonitrile, which was made from 4-cyanophenol. A series of random copolymers of APO and MPO over the whole composition range, with an approximate degree of polymerization of 100, were synthesized. They are named as PAM(m/n), where m and n are the total number of APO and MPO monomer units. All the polymers are crystalline and show birefringence. Their melting points decrease with the increase of mole fraction of MPO, from 240°C for PAM(100/0) to 199°C for PAM(20/80), and then increase to 226°C for PAM(0/100). We reacted mercaptoacetic acid with the PAM(m/n) copolymers to generate polar groups that could strongly bond with metal surfaces. They are named as PAM(m/n)-SCH2COOH, which correspond to their starting PAM(m/n) copolymers. They were characterized by NMR, DSC, hot stage melting, water contact angle, peel strength measurements, and some preliminary anticorrosion tests on cold-rolled steel, electrogalvanized steel, and Zi/Ni electroplated steel. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sucrose-based epoxy monomers and their reactions with diethylenetriamine (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2397-2413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: epoxy allyl sucroses ; epoxy crotyl sucroses ; sucrose-based epoxy monomers ; thermosets ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two sets of sucrose-based epoxy monomers, namely, epoxy allyl sucroses (EAS), and epoxy crotyl sucroses (ECS), were prepared by epoxidation of octa-O-allyl and octa-O-crotyl sucroses (OAS and OCS, respectively). Synthetic and structural characterization studies showed that the new epoxy monomers were mixtures of structural isomers and diastereoisomers that contained varying numbers of epoxy groups per sucrose. EAS and ECS can be tailored to contain an average of one to eight epoxy groups per sucrose. Quantitative 13C-NMR spectrometry and titrimetry were used independently to confirm the average number of epoxy groups per sucrose. Sucrose-based epoxy monomers were cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and their curing characteristics were compared with those of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and diepoxycrotyl ether of bisphenol A (DECEBA). EAS and DGEBA cured at 100 to 125°C and exhibited a heat of cure of about 108.8 kJ per mol epoxy. ECS and DECEBA cured at 150 and 171°C, respectively, and exhibited a heat of cure of about 83.7 kJ per mol epoxy. Depending upon the degree of epoxidation (average number of epoxy groups per sucrose) and the concentration of DETA, glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of cured EAS varied from -17 to 72°C. DETA-cured ECS containing an average of 7.3 epoxy groups per sucrose (ECS-7.3) showed no DSC glass transition between -140 and 220°C when the ratio of amine (NH) to epoxy group was 1:1 and 1.5:1. Maximum Tgs obtained for DETA-cured DGEBA and DECEBA polymers were 134 and 106°C, respectively. DETA-cured bisphenol A-based epoxy polymers degraded at about 340°C, as observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DETA-cured sucrose-based epoxy polymers degraded at about 320°C. Sucrose-based epoxies cured with DETA were found to bind aluminum, glass, and steel. Comparative lap shear tests (ASTM D1002-94) showed that DETA-cured epoxy allyl sucroses with an average of 3.2 epoxy groups per sucrose (EAS-3.2) generated a flexible adhesive comparable in bond strength to DGEBA. However, DETA-cured ECS-7.3 outperformed the bonding characteristics of both DGEBA and EAS-3.2. All sucrose-based epoxy polymers were crosslinked and insoluble in water, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and dichloromethane. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2397-2413, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(N-acylethylenimine) copolymers containing pendant pentamethyldisiloxanyl groups. II. Thermal behavior and x-ray diffraction study (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 659-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxazolines ; copolymers ; siloxane ; DSC ; WAXD ; poly(N-acylethyleneimines) ; heat of fusion ; intercalation ; siloxane ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two series of random copolymers of 10-(pentamethyl disiloxanyl) decyl oxazoline (Si) with undecyl (U) (four copolymer compositions) and nonyl (N) (eight copolymer compositions) oxazolines over the whole composition range, with a total degree of polymerization of about 100, were studied by DSC and wide angle X-ray diffraction. All the polymers are crystalline. For the N/Si copolymers, the melting points, normalized ΔH and ΔS of fusion are almost constant in a broad range of copolymer composition from 10 to 65 mol % of Si. The rationale for this behavior is that the copolymers crystallize two dimensionally, with the crystalline polymethylene plates separated by the bulky flexible pentamethyl disiloxanyl (P) groups. In this range, increasing Si only increases the distance between the plates. With more than 65 mol % Si, the bulky P groups interfere with the packing of the alkyl chains and change the crystallization behavior; the polymers show disordered packing as demonstrated by their X-ray patterns and extremely low ΔH. In the U/Si copolymers, since the undecyl side chain has one more carbon than the decyl group to which the P group is attached, the P groups interfere much more strongly with the packing of the side chains than in the N/Si polymers. The copolymer melting points uniformly decrease as the concentration of Si increases. The plateau on the plot of normalized ΔH versus polymer composition is only from 10 to 50 mol % of Si. The average long spacings of the annealed polymers increase linearly from 24 Å (N/Si polymers) or 28 Å (U/Si polymers) to 34.1 Å with the increase of Si up to 50%. With more than 50% Si, the polymers have an identical lamellar thicknesses of 34 Å, within the experimental error. Copolymers with less than 75 mol % of Si can crystallize from hexadecane solutions forming gels down to polymer concentrations of 2-3 wt %. The long spacings of the gels are almost identical with those of the pure crystalline polymers and independent of the polymer/solvent ratios. When hexamethyl disiloxane is added to the solutions, it can intercalate and the resulting crystalline gels have long spacings larger than those found in the absence of siloxane.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300418
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(N-acylethylenimine) copolymers containing pendant pentamethyldisiloxanyl groups. I. Synthesis (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: copolymers ; oxazolines, poly(N-acylethyleneimines) ; polydispersity ; siloxane ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 10-(Pentamethyl disiloxanyl) decyl oxazoline (Si) was synthesized. It was copolymerized with either undecyl (U) or nonyl (N) oxazolines using methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate as initiator. Two series of random poly(N-acylethylenimine) copolymers, U/Si and N/Si, were synthesized over the whole composition range of Si monomer with a total degree of polymerization of about 100. Narrow molecular weight distributions were obtained. At a monomer to initator ratio of about 1060, the final degree of polymerization was 374 with a polydispersity index of 1.93. This shows the effect of chain transfer in this system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300417
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dipole-dipole interaction directed liquid crystalline polymers. I. Aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s based on 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2291-2300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polycarbonate ; polysulfone ; liquid crystal ; 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropyl sulfonyl) propane ; smectic ; X-ray ; dipole-dipole interaction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone) homo- and copolymers were prepared from 1,3-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane (Diol-333) and various alkanediols. The copolymers are random in nature since they were prepared by melt copolymerization. Both the homopolymer and the copolymers exhibited multiple reproducible first-order transitions during differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating scans, but most of them exhibited only single exotherm during cooling scans. Typical schlieren textures were observed when these polymers were cooled from their isotropic melts. The copolymers have wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns almost identical to that of the homopolymer except in the low-angle spacing, indicating their packing in the crystalline domain in similar. DSC, cross-polarized optical microscopy, and WAXD revealed that these polymers were smectic liquid crystalline at room temperature. Since aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s are flexible linear polymers with no rigid rod components, the liquid crystalline phase formation is probably directed by the dipole-dipole interactions between sulfone groups in adjacent chains. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and dielectric analysis of aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s based on 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl) butane (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2809-2816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 1,4-bis((3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)butane ; polycarbonate ; poly(carbonatesulfone) ; liquid crystalline ; dipole-dipole interaction ; dielectric constant ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High molecular weight aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone) homopolymer (PC-343) and random copolymer (PC-343-10) were synthesized from 1,4-bis(3-hydroxypropylsulfonyl)butane (Diol-343) and a 1/1 molar mixture of Diol-343 and 1,10-decanediol, respectively. As a comparison, an aliphatic polycarbonate homopolymer (PC-10) was prepared from 1,10-decanediol. While PC-10 exhibited a single melting peak during its DSC heating scan, both PC-343 and PC-343-10 exhibited multiple reproducible first-order transitions during DSC heating scans. Both PC-343 and PC-343-10 showed broad reflections in their WAXD diagrams; the crystalline order of PC-343 is higher than that of PC-343-10. Based on the DSC and WAXD results and our discovery on the liquid crystalline behavior of aliphatic poly(carbonate-sulfone)s from 1,3-bis(hydroxypropylsulfonyl)propane, we suggest PC-343 and PC-343-10 are liquid crystalline and the liquid crystalline phase formation is directed by the dipole-dipole interactions between sulfone groups. Films were obtained from these polymers by compression molding and dielectric analyses were conducted on them. One glass transition related dielectric relaxation was observed in PC-343-10. One glass transition related dielectric relaxation and one sub-glass transition related dielectric relaxation were observed in PC-343. The glass transition temperature increases with the increase of sulfone content in the polymers. A dramatic rise in dielectric constant with temperature was observed in PC-343 and PC-343-10 at low frequencies, which is probably due to the sulfone dipole interaction with the electrical field. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321502
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