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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave plan computation method in study of the Calvi Bay erosion in Corsica, France (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 71-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of linear monochromatic wave propagation is presented, based on a theory of potentials. The usual Berkhoff equation has been extended by the addition of partially pervious solid boundary effects and the bed friction.The problem has been solved by a hybrid finite element method including the effect of singular local elements such as the end of breakwaters or wharfs. This numerical method confirms the interest in quadratic Lagrangian finite elements.The comparisons with analytical solutions and existing numerical results show the validity of the method. Some original examples also prove the good performance of the proposed computation method.As an example, the study of the erosion of the beach of Calvi Bay in Corsica, France is presented. The phenomenon had started already in 1960, but the problem began to be very severe four years ago, after the implementation of a new harbour in 1982 and buildings, hotels, restaurants, and a main sewer on the beach. To consider the impact of these constructions and other factors like waves, currents and geomorphological aspects, the studies were divided into four parts: sedimentological, currents, wave propagation and geomorphological.This paper will describe the results of a complete two years study on the site, from February 1986 to December 1987.Findings show that the erosion process is due to the rise of the relative sea level with, as a catalyst, tourist behaviour and the implementation of the new constructions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620270107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 in submerged cultures (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 609-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Trichoderma reesei ; image analysis ; morphology ; modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microscopic morphology of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414, growing in submerged culture, was studied by image analysis. The morphology was characterized by the total hyphal length, the total number of tips, the number of actively growing tips, and the length of the main hypha. To describe the growth of a single mycelium a simple model is set-up. The main features of the model are: (1) saturation type kinetics for the tip extension of the individual branches within the mycelium; and (2) random branching with a frequency function, which is proportional to the total hyphal length. The model is used to simulate a population of mycelia, where spore germination is described with a log-normal distribution. From the simulation of the population, the average properties of the mycelia, e.g., the average total hyphal length, are calculated, and by fitting the model to experimental data the model parameters are estimated. Finally, the distribution function with respect to the mycelia properties, that is, number of tips and total hyphal length, is calculated, and it corresponds well with the experimental determination of the distribution function. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470513
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Covalent binding of a nerve agent hydrolyzing enzyme within polyurethane foams (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 450-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymes ; immobilization ; phosphotriesterase ; polyurethane foam ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A phosphotriesterase preparation, extracted from Escherichia coli DH5α cells, was immobilized within a polyurethane foam matrix during polymer synthesis. The enzyme-foam interaction was shown to be covalent and analysis of the hydrolysis of paraoxon in aqueous solution demonstrated that more than 50% of the initial enzyme specific activity was retained after immobilization in the foam. Factors affecting the rate of paraoxon degradation include foam hydrophobicity, the degree of mixing applied to initiate polymerization, and foam pretreatment prior to use in substrate hydrolysis. The storage stability of the foam is significant, with phosphotriesterase-foam activity profiles exhibiting a three month half-life. Foams are currently being developed for biocatalytic air filtering, in which gaseous substrates will be simultaneously adsorbed and degraded by the immobilized enzyme system. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the exponential growth of filamentous fungi during batch cultivation (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: mathematical model ; morphology ; pellet ; filamentous fungus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In certain conditions, filamentous fungi are observed to grow exponentially during batch submerged growth. It is shown for three cases, with simple mechanistic models, that an exponential growth assumption is reasonable. The basis of these models is the identification of a growth unit, and a mechanism for its doubling with a constant generation time. The importance of the variation of morphological properties within populations is demonstrated by the comparison of computer simulations of simplified models using average values and either experimental data or computer simulations of detailed stochastic models. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 169-179, 1998.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of growth of a filamentous fungus in 3 dimensions (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: filamentous fungus ; tridimensional structure ; fractal dimension ; spore aggregates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The tridimensional growth of a filamentous fungus was simulated, based on a model for the evolution of the microscopic morphology of Trichoderma reesei. When supplemented with a spatial representation of growth, the model correctly simulates the evolution from a single spore to a pellet. Diffusion of oxygen is included in the model. The simulated tridimensional structures have a fractal nature; and the fractal dimension, determined by a box-counting method, increases during growth. The fractal dimension only depends on the mass of the pellet and is not affected by model parameters such as tip extension rate and branching frequency. Realistic pictures are obtained and the radius of the pellet increases at a constant rate. The influence of model parameters (tip extension rate, branching frequency, minimum porosity) on dissolved oxygen concentration profiles, biomass concentration profiles, rate at which the pellet diameter increases, and the evolution of the fractal dimension was determined. The dissolved oxygen profiles were found to be very different from the profiles, obtained by assuming a homogenous biomass distribution within the pellet. Finally, the formation of pellets from spore aggregates is calculated and the size of the spore aggregate is found to only influence the time needed before the appearance of a pellet and not its morphology. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dramatically stabilized phosphotriesterase - polymers for nerve agent degradation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymes ; phosphotriesterase ; immobilization ; polyurethane foam ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phosphotriesterase (EC 3.1.8.1) was immobilized within a polyurethane foam matrix during polymer synthesis using a prepolymer synthesis strategy. In addition to retaining greater than 50% of the enzyme specific activity, numerous benefits were incurred upon immobilization. Orders of magnitude increases in storage and thermal stability (net stabilization energy = 12.5 kJ/mol) were observed without the need for enzyme premodification. The immobilized enzyme system was protease resistant and seemed to display no adverse effects from immobilization, such as an alteration of enzyme function. The organic solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide, also exhibited a stabilizing effect on phosphotriesterase enzyme systems over a range of intermediate concentrations. We attribute these effects in part to direct interaction between the aprotic solvent and metal containing residues present at the enzyme's active site. Our data demonstrate that just 2.5 kg of immobilized enzyme may be sufficient to degrade 30,000 tons of nerve agent in just 1 year. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 105-114, 1997.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rationale for using TNFα and chemotherapy in regional therapy of melanoma (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 52-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: melanoma ; TNFα ; isolation perfusion ; melphalan ; interferon-γ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNFα) has potent antitumor activity in experimental studies on human tumor xenografts. However, in humans, the administration of rTNFα is hampered by severe systemic side-effects. The maximum tolerated dose range from 350 to 500 mg/m2, which is at least 10-fold less than the efficient dose in animals. Isolation perfusion of the limbs (ILP) allows the delivery of high dose rTNFα in a closed system with acceptable side-effects. A protocol with a triple-drug regimen was based on the reported synergism of rTNFα with chemotherapy, with interferon-y, and with hydperthermia. In melanoma-in-transit metastases (stage IIIA or AB) we obtained a 91% complete response, compared with 52% after ILP with melphalan alone. Release of nanograms levels of TNFα in the systemic circulation was evident but control of this leakage and appropriate intensive care resulted in acceptable toxicity. Angiographic, immunohistological, and immunological studies suggest that the efficacy of this prtocol is due to a dual targeting: rTNFα activates and electively lyses the tumor endothelial cells while melphalan is mainly cytoxic to the tumor cells. ILP with rTNFα appears to be a useful model for studying the biochemotherapy of cancer in man.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated image analyzing system for the quantitative study of living cells in culture (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Image analysis ; Cell detection ; Automated focusing ; Cell morphology ; Cell counting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A fully automated image analyzing system was developed for the quantitative study of cells in culture. It was able to count cells, to classify cells according to their morphological characteristics and to follow cell culture development. A specific procedure was designed to process Hoffman modulation contrast images. It detects local gray level differences while using conditional dilation techniques. We were able to successfully detect aggregated unstained cells, presently a technical limit in image segmentation. Living cells can be studied in a noninvasive and nondestructive way with this system. An improved automatic focusing algorithm was developed which ensured an accurate prediction of the optimal focus position. A strictly defined sampling procedure was applied to estimate unbiasedly cell density and obtain precisely cell contours. The evaluation of the system was carried out on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-NTR) cell cultures treated with a newly developed neurotensin agonist JMV449. Chinese hamster ovary cell division was found to be retarded 20 hours after the JMV449 treatment, while the morphology of CHO-NTR cells has already undergone significant changes 12 hours after the treatment. This image analyzing system provides the possibility to follow cell culture development (e.g., cell density evolution, cell morphological changes) under various experimental conditions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280511
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving the flexible molecular fitting technique using distance matrices (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 7 (1986), S. 739-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A new program for the molecular superposition of flexible molecules, IFMFIT (Improved or Interactive Flexible Molecular Fit), is presented. The essential new feature involves a complete revision of the representation of molecular structures making use of the briefly discussed Distance Matrix algorithm. A comparison is given between the input mode required by the original FMFIT program and that of our version as exemplified by the superposition of (R)-chrysanthemic acid and (S)-3-methyl-2-(parachlorophenyl)-butyric acid. This example demonstrates the superiority and the user-interactive character made possible by our IFMFIT version.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540070606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of 15N NMR to a quantitative investigation of tautomerism in some thiolopyridines (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 23 (1985), S. 790-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 15N NMR shielding measurements are reported for a series of derivatives of some thiolopyridines. The results obtained are used to provide quantitatively reliable estimates of three tautomeric equilibria involving the pyridine nitrogen atom.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260230923
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