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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (172)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effects on the orientaion of naphthalene rings in the side chain of poly-γ-1-naphthylmethyl-L-glutamate (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 13 (1974), S. 1213-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The orientation of naphthalene rings in the side chain of poly-γ-1-naphthylmethyl-L-glutamate (PNLG) in mixed solvents of dichoroethane (DCE) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) has been studied together with its conformation by infrared, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectra. The CD pattern of PNLG varies with the solvent composition while it maintains the α-helical conformation. The fluorescence spectra of PNLG in solution show excimer emission of the naphthalene chromophores. The ratio of intensity of the excimer emission to that of the normal fluorescence decreases as the HFIP component in the solvent increases. It is suggested that the naphthalene rings in the side chain of α-helical PNLG are more rigidly orientated in the solvents of higher HFIP ratio.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1974.360130613
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational studies of poly-β-1-naphthylmethyl-L-aspartate (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-β-1-naphthylmethyl-L-aspartate and copolymers of β-1-naphthylmethyl-L-aspartate and γ-benzyl-L-glutamate were prepared. From the results obtained by a study of infrared and circular dichroism spectra, poly-β-1-naphthylmethyl-L-aspartate was found to be a left-handed α-helix both in the solid state and in solution. The fluorescence spectra of these polymers showed excimer emission of the naphthyl chromophores and gave some information about the arrangement of the side-chain chromophores. By optical titration experiments, it was found that an increasing amount of β-1-naphthylmethyl-L-aspartate residues in the copolymers induces a progressive instability of the helical structure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360140209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method for the synthesis of polymers containing amide and imide groups in the main chain (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 351-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus Pyromellitsäuredianhydrid (6) und Dicarbamaten (5) (Diurethanen), die Amidbindungen enthalten, wurden Poly(pyromellitdiimidoarylencarbonyliminoaryleniminocarbonylarylen)e [Poly(amid-imid)e] (7 und 12) hergestellt. Dieselben Polymeren konnten auch direkt aus aromatischen Isocyanatocarbonsäurechloriden (10), Diaminen (11) und 6 hergestellt werden. Im letzteren Fall was eine äquimolare Menge Wasser für die Bildung des Imidringes in der Polymerhauptkette erforderlich. Durch Modellreaktionen wurden die Reaktionsbedingungen für beide Methoden bestimmt und Reaktionsmechanismen vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Poly(pyromellitdiimidoarylenecarbonyliminoaryleneiminocarbonylarylene)s [poly(amide-imide)s] (7 and 12) were prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (6) and dicarbamates (5) (diurethanes) containing amide linkages. The same polymers could also be prepared directly from aromatic isocyanatocarboxylic acid chlorides (10), diamines (11) and 6. In the latter method, the addition of an equimolar amount of water was required for the formation of the imide ring in the main chain of the polymer. Model reactions were carried out to determine the reaction conditions for the two methods. Reaction mechanisms are proposed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.021760209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses and properties of N-(1,3-diisocyanato-1-propyl)phthalimide and its polymers (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3495-3514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: N-(1,3-Diisocyanato-1-propyl)phthalimid (5) wurde hergestellt, ausgehend von Glutaminsäure (1) über N-(Phthaloylglutaminsäure (2), N-(Phthaloylglutaminsäure-dichlorid 3), N-(Phthaloylglutaminsäure-diazid (4) mit anschließender Curtius-Umlagerung. Bei dieser zerfallen die Carbonylazid-Gruppen in 4-Stellung zur Phthalimido-Gruppe ab etwa 25°C während die anderen Carbonylazid-Gruppen in 2-Stellung zur Phthalimido-Gruppe bis etwa 45°C beständig sind. Das Diisocyanat 5 ist eine viskose Flüssigkeit, die ohne Racemisierung zu erleiden durch Molekulardestillation gereinigt werden kann. Eine Reihe von Polyharnstoffen (13a-i), Polyurethanen (15a-d) und das Polyharnstoffurethan) (17) wurde hergestellt, und ihre thermischen und Lösungs-Eigenschaften wurden untersucht. Alle geprüften Polymeren zersetzen sich zwischen 200 und 250°C.
    Notes: N-(1,3-Diisocyanato-1-propyl)phthalimide (5) was synthesized as a new monomer from glutamic acid (1) through N-phthaloylglutamic acid (2), N-phthaloylglutamoyl dichloride (3) and N-phthaloylglutamoyl diazide (4), followed by a Curtius rearrangement. In the Curtius rearrangement, the carbonylazido group with the phthalimido group in 4-position decomposes at 25°C, whereas the other carbonylazido group with the phthalimido group in 2-position is stable up to 45°C. The monomer is a viscous and transparent liquid which can be purified by molecular distillation without racemization. A series of polymers, including polyureas (13a-i), polyurethanes (15a-d) and a poly(urea-urethane) 17), were synthesized from monomer 5 and their thermal properties and solubilities were determined. It was found that all investigated polymers decompose readily between 200°C and 250°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021771204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on chitin, 2Part 1: cf.15.. Effect of deacetylation on solubility (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3589-3600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden eine reproduzierbare Methode zur Darstellung wasserlöslichen Chitins and eine Beziehung zwischen Löslichkeit und Entacetylierungsgrad des Chitins untersucht. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß regeneriertes Chitin, das bei niedriger Temperatur aus einer Alkali-Chitin-Lösung isoliert wurde, welche 48 bis 77 h bei 25°C stehen gelassen wurde, eine sehr gute Löslichkeit in Wasser bei 0°C zeigte. Der Entacetylierungsgrad eines mit Alkali behandelten Chitins wurde durch Titration mit Salzsäure bestimmt. Dieser wuchs mit zunehmender Alkali-Behandlungszeit rasch bis ca. 75% an, um dann langsam bei ca. 90% abzuflachen, wobei nur die Proben des regenerierten Chitins mit etwa 50% Entacetylierung in Wasser löslich erschienen. Diese waren, wie Röntgenbeugungsdiagramme zeigten, amorph, obwohl sowohl Chitin mit niedrigerem Entacetylierungsgrad als auch Chitosan Kristallinität aufwiesen. Die verbesserte Löslichkeit des Chitins mit ca. 50% Entacetylierung ist wohl auf die partielle Entacetylierung zurückzufiihren, durch die wahrscheinlich eine Zerstörung der Sekundärstruktur bewirkt wurde, und auf die Zunahme des hydrophilen Charakters durch die erhöhte Zahl an Aminogruppen.
    Notes: A reproducible method for obtaining water-soluble chitin and a relationship between solubility and degree of deacetylation of chitin were studied. It was found that the regenerated chitin isolated at low temperature from an alkali chitin solution left at 25°C for 48 to 77h showed very good solubility in water at 0°C. The degree of deacetylation of an alkaline treated chitin was determined by titration with hydrochloric acid. It increased rapidly to about 75% as the alkaline treatment time increased and began to level off to about 90% and only the regenerated chitin samples with around 50% of deacetylation were found to be soluble in water. The X-ray diffraction diagrams showed that these were amorphous, although both chitin with lower degree of deacetylation and chitosan had crystallinity. The improved solubility of chitin with about 50% of deacetylation would be attributed to the partial deacetylation which probably brought about the destruction of secondary structure and also the increase of the hydrophilic property on account of the increased number of amino groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021771210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on chitin, 4.Part 3: cf.1. Evidence for formation of block and random copolymers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine by hetero- and homogeneous hydrolyses (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 3197-3202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chitin was deacetylated by heterogeneous and homogeneous alkaline hydrolyses. In the heterogeneous hydrolysis, upper limits in the degree of deacetylation were found to exist at low reaction temperatures. The products obtained were all insoluble in water and those with a degree of deacetylation up to 80% retained some crystallinity. These results seemed to indicate that the deacetylation under the heterogeneous conditions proceeded preferentially in the amorphous region to give block-type copolymers of N-acetyle-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine units. In the homogeneous hydrolysis, on the other hand, all the products with a degree of deacetylation of ca. 50% were found to be soluble in water independent of the hydrolysis temperature. The crystallinity of the products decreased much more rapidly and samples with a degree of deacetylation 〉40% were amorphous. These results suggested that the deacetylation under homogeneous conditions proceeded randomly to give the random-type copolymers of the two units. This randomness was concluded to have brought about the interesting water-solubility of products with a degree of deacetylation of ca. 50%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021781203
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Nε,N′ε-(pyromellitoyl)dilysine and its copper (II) chelate polymer (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 895-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Synthesis of Nε,N′ε-(pyromellitoyl)dilysine (8) was carried out by reacting L-lysine with dimethyl pyromellitate (6) followed by thermal imidation. The obtained product 8 was reacted with Cu2+ ions to form a light blue chelate polymer (9). Model compounds, Nε-phthaloyllysine (4) and its copper chelate complex 5, were also synthesized by a similar process for comparison. IR spectra, optical and solubility properties of the monomer and its chelate polymer together with their corresponding model compounds were investigated. The thermal stability of chelate polymer 9 in acid solution of different pH value were also investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic polymers containing sugar residues, 3Part 2: cf5.. Direct addition polymerization of D-cellobiose and diisocyanates to form novel polyurethanes (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 855-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021800335
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic spiro polymers (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Aromatic spiro polymers, polyoxoindoline-spiro-benzimidazolines 9a-c, were prepared by the solution polycondensation reaction of biisatyls with aromatic tetramines in polar organic solvents. The spiro polymers were found to exhibit good solubility in polar organic solvents, such as N,N-dimethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoramide, in contrast to the insolubility of the corresponding polyindoloquinoxalines in these solvents. The improvement of the solubility was discussed mainly in terms of the hydrogen bonding and packing in polymer molecules. The spiro polymers slowly rearranged at high temperatures to give polyindoloquinoxalines with high thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel synthetic approach to poly(p-benzenesulfonamide): Self-polycondensation of active p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid derivatives under mild conditions (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2839-2846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Three active p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid derivatives, 1-(p-aminobenzenesulfonyl)imidazole (4a), 1-(p-aminobenzenesulfonyloxy)benzotriazole (4b), and 2-phenyl-4-(p-aminobenzenesulfonyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-5-thione (4c) were synthesized by reacting p-isocyanatobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1) with stoichiometrical quantities of water in the presence of dibutyltin didodecanoate and subsequently with imidazole, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-5-thione, respectively. The self-polycondensation of 4a-c, leading to poly(p-benzenesulfonamide) (7), was carried out in solution using polar aprotic solvents, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), and acidic media, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and m-cresol, with or without an appropriate acid catalyst or acid acceptor under mild conditions. Poly(p-benzenesulfonamide) having the highest reduced viscosity of 0,14 dl·-1 was obtained almost quantitatively from 4c by using m-cresol as a solvent without any acid catalyst and acid acceptor at 25°C. The polymers are soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as NMP, HMPA and DMSO and in aqueous sodium hydroxide. These poly(p-benzenesulfonamide)s are less thermally stable than completely aromatic polyamides, because the initial weight-loss started at 250-350°C. Aminolysis of three benzenesulfonic acid derivatives, 1-benzenesulfonylimidazole (5a), 1-benzenesulfonyloxybenzotriazole (5b), and 2-phenyl-4-benzenesulfonyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-5-thione (5c), with the same leaving groups was also carried out as a model reaction of self-polycondensation to determine the reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021881206
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