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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for enzymatic isomerization of D-glucose to D-fructose in a batch reactor (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 633-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using whole cells containing glucose isomerase, mathematical models for the enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose and for the inactivation of the enzyme catalyst have been postulated and verified experimentally. The heat of reaction, the equilibrium constant, and the individual rate constants and their activation energies have been estimated. The model can be used to predict the time course for the enzymatic production of fructose in a batch reactor within the tested experimental range of 40-80°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180504
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of extended and exponentially-fed-batch cultures (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under certain conditions it is shown that an extended culture is equivalent to an exponentially-fed-batch culture, that an exponentially-fed-batch culture (and an extended culture) can be maintained at a steady state and that an exponentially-fed-batch culture may be mimicked by a continuous-flow culture with a constant dilution rate. Operational conditions required to maintain steady states are specified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line estimation of mycelial cell mass concentrations with a computer-interfaced filtration probe (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 729-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article deals with the design and operation of a filtration probe for estimating cell concentrations in fermentations involving mycelial organisms such as Penicillium chrysogenum. This device, a much improved version of one developed previously, is placed directly into the fermentor and measures the filtration properties of the fermentation broth, which are correlated to the cell concentration. The probe is connected to a computer system which enables on-line estimation of the cell concentration. Fiber-optic light guides are used in combination with a pair of light sources and receivers to detect the relative position of the filter-cake-fermentation-broth interface. The lower sensor in the filtration tube enables reliable estimation of cell mass upto about 20 g/L (dry wt), while the upper sensor yields useful measurement of the filtration properties upto a concentration of about 40 g/L (dry wt) and appears to have the potential to go even higher. Major advantages of this probe system are the ease of measurement and the on-line ability to measure very frequently, due to its nondestructive mode of operation. Thus, the probe obviates the need for manual sampling and reduces the risk of contaminating the culture. But, more significantly, it enables one to implement on-line schemes including feedback control.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270523
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental adaptive on-line optimization of cellular productivity of a continuous bakers' yeast culture (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1236-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An adaptive on-line optimization method that utilizes dynamic model identification has been applied to maximize the cellular productivity of a continuous bakers' yeast culture. Experiments were conducted on a sophisticated computerized fermentation system. Experimental results show that the adaptive on-line optimization method requires very little a priori information, is easy to implement, converges quickly, adapts to changes in the process, and is stable even when operational difficulties are encountered.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270820
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of continuous cultures of recombinant methylotrophs (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 911-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Static and dynamic characteristics of continuous cultures of recombinant methylotrophs, which are designed to improve the selectivity of plasmid-bearing cells and the plasmid stability, are investigated in detail. Operational regions in which coexistence (survival of plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells) operation is feasible have been identified in the entire space of kinetic parameters and operating variables. The stability characteristics of each steady state are examined. The existence of oscillatory states around the coexistence steady state is investigated using the dynamic (Hopf) bifurcation analysis. For proper startup of the continuous culture operation, it is critical to identify the sets of initial conditions, if any, which lead to transients that ultimately result in washout of plasmid-bearing cells and avoid such conditions. For the numerical illustrations presented, the coexistence steady state happens to be locally stable over much of its region of existence, particular for the operating conditions corresponding to maximum productivity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental multivariable adaptive optimization of the steady-state cellular productivity of a continuous baker's yeast culture (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 16-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multivariable adaptive optimization algorithm that uses transient data to improve the optimization speed was successfully implemented on-line to maximize the steady-state cellular productivity of a continuous culture of baker's yeast. The algorithm was shown to be stable even during periods of oscillatory growth and was able to reoptimize the culture when planned disturbances were introduced. Although adaptive tuning of the forgetting factor improved the performance, further refinements in the adaptive forgetting factor algorithm are necessary for completely satisfactory results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of fermentation processes using recombinant Escherichia coli with the cloned trp operon (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 1167-1177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimal operating conditions have been determined for recombinant Escherichia coli cells in a fed-batch and two-stage continuous fermentors. The model expression system used in this article was the E. coli trp promoter cloned on plasmids. Model equations for cell growth and cloned-gene expression have been formulated and used to evaluate process performances under different operating modes. The operating variables manipulated for maximum performance include the timing of IAA addition to derepress transcription from the trp promoter. The total operating period and the nutrient concentration profile during fermentations. For a fed-batch mode, the performance was significantly improved by adjusting the IAA addition (environmental switch) time relative to the total operation period. It was found that the optimal switching time exists for a given total operation period. For a two-stage continuous fermentation system, the productivity is more sensitive to the combination of the dilution rates than to the volume ratio of two reactors. In general, as long as the down time is less than the total operation time in the fed-batch mode, the fed-batch mode gives higher productivity than the two-stage continuous system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340907
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast inferential adaptive optimization of a continuous yeast culture based on carbon dioxide evolution rate (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fast inferential, multivariable adaptive optimization algorithm based on a fast responding off-gas data, the carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), has been developed and applied to a continuous baker's yeast culture to maximize the cellular productivity in simulation and experimental studies. In the simulation study the process was optimized based on CER measurements using readily available steady-state data on the ratio between the cellular productivity and the CER. It was shown that the algorithm is two to three times faster than the algorithm based on cell mass concentration measurements. In the experimental study the CER was maximized without any information on the relationship between the cellular productivity and the CER. It took about 40 h for the process to converge, while about 80 h was required when the optimization was based on cell mass measurements. The attained steady state was found to be different but fairly close to that obtained with cell measurements. Briefly discussed is a switching to the cell-mass-based algorithm at the final stage of the optimization to overcome a potential inaccuracy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetic acid formation in escherichia coli fermentation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; acetic acid ; methionine ; yeast extract ; continuous fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acetic acid formation in Escherichia coli fermentation has been studied in continuous cultures. Experimental results suggest that the limited capacity of the oxidative metabolism (perhaps the limited capacity of TCA cycle) may be responsible for acetic acid formation. At low growth rates, both anabolic and catabolic requirements may be satisfied by the oxidative metabolism. However, at high growth rates these two demands may exceed the capacity of the oxidative metabolism alone. It is proposed that under these circumstances, E. coli reorganizes the oxidative metabolism to first meet the anabolic requisition and then supply the necessary amount of energy using both the remaining capacity of the oxidative metabolism and acetic acid formation metabolism. Escherichia coli selects acetic acid synthesis as the aerobic energy source because it generates the second largest amount of ATP and NADH2. According to our proposition, acetic acid formation could be reduced by decreasing the anabolic requirement, i.e., reducing glucose uptake, or by increasing the capacity of the oxidative metabolism. These two approaches were experimentally confirmed by observing reduced acetic acid formation by reducing the glucose uptake with a yeast extract addition and enhancing the capacity of oxidative metabolism with a methionine addition.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390611
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relieving effects of glycine and methionine from acetic acid inhibition in Escherichia coli fermentation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 316-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; acetic acid ; inhibition ; glycine ; methionine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Among amino acids screened for their potential to relieve wild and recombinant Escherichia coli from the negative effects of acetic acid, glycine, and methionine showed a sparing effect. In the presence of 2 g/L of acetic acid, addition of 0.5 g/L of glycine or methionine resulted in either a complete recovery or a further enhancement in the specific growth rate, while the enhancement was significant but not fully complete in the presence of 4 g/L of acetic acid. The addition of 0.5 g/L of methionine alleviated the negative effect of acetic acid on recombinant E. Coli growth to produce more β-lactamase, which was encoded by plasmid pUC18. In continuous fermentation the methionine effect on recombinant. E. coli metabolism depended on dilution rate; at high dilution rates, above 0.4 h-1, the methionine addition enhanced β-lactamase production and reduced acetic acid formation, while at low dilution rates, below 0.3 h -1, the effect was reversed. In def-batch fermentation with wild-type E. Coli, cell growth rate and cell yield from glucose were enhanced with methionine addition, while the acetic acid concentration reached over 4 g/L. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410305
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