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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of soluble C60-chemically modified poly(p-bromostyrene) (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 3297-3302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: C60 ; poly(p-bromostyrene) ; chemical modification ; fullerenes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of bulky C60 moiety, a powerful electron acceptor (EA = 2.6-2.8 eV), to the poly(p-bromostyrene)(PBS) by a novel organometallic reaction considerably changes the chemical and physical properties of this polymer. The product obtained is a “charm-bracelet” non-crosslinked brownish yellow polymer which is easily soluble in many common organic solvents, and has a single glass transition temperature [134.0°C vs. 83.2°C for poly(p-bromostyrene)], this being congruent with its chemical structure. Covalent attachment of C60 to the brominated polystyrene backbone is confirmed by a variety of techniques such as UV-VIS, FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, ESR, GPC, and 13C-NMR. The results show that both the stereo-electronic effect and the steric hindrance of C60 have an important influence on the structure and physical properties of polymer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectrometric investigation of the aggregation and coalescence of fullerenes in C60-modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole) by UV-laser ablation (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1185-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: fullerenes ; PVK ; UV-laser ablation ; aggregation and coalescence ; photoinduced electron transfer ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The phenomena of aggregation and coalescence of fullerenes in the UV-laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometric investigation of C60-modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole) both in the positive and in the negative ion channels have been observed. The results indicate that in C60 chemically modified PVK (C60-PVK) copolymer the nascent fullerene fragments ruptured from main chain can easily coalesce into large fullerenes through collisions, whereas in the C60-doped PVK the aggregation and coalescence of C60 were relative weak due to nonbounding action and incomplete charge transfer behavior between C60 and PVK. Furthermore, the photoinduced electron transfer behavior between C60 and carbazole units in the C60 chemically modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole) in benzonitrile by laser flash photolysis at 355 nm has also been investigated. Efficiency of the anion radical of C60 in copolymer at 1080 nm is higher than that of the C60-doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) polymers. The formation of a C60 radical anion may be ascribed to photoinduced electron transfer between C60 pendanted on the main chain backbone and the inter-, and intrachain carbazole units in the copolymer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 35: 1185-1190, 1997
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoconductivity and paramagnetism of fullerene chemically modified polymers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 2185-2190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Addition of the C60 moiety, a powerful electron acceptor, to iodinated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVKI) by chemical reaction modifies considerably the photoconductive property of PVKI. The photoinduced discharge rates for pure PVK, PVKI, C60-chemically modified PVKI (C60-PVKI copolymer), and C60-doped PVKI (a simple mixture of the component) under the same experimental conditions are found in the following order: C60-PVKI copolymer 〉 C60-doped PVKI 〉 PVKI 〉 PVK. The fullerenated PVKI has a visibly brownish yellow cast when compared with the unreacted polymer. The UV-vis absorption spectrum in which the main bands occur at 220, 230, 252, 268, 300, 332, and 346 nm extends the active range from about 300 to 860 nm. Also, its apparent temperature sensitivity is very intriguing, and an unusual temperature dependence for the ESR spectrum is observed. The photoconductive performance of the fullerenated polymer is closely related to its paramagnetism. A considerable difference of electronic structure between pure PVKI and the C60-PVKI copolymer is indicated. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis and characterization of C60 chemically modified poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 631-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: fullerene ; poly(N-vinylcarbazole) ; chemical modification ; synthesis ; characterization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Addition of C60 moiety, a powerful electron acceptor to poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) by chemical reaction modifies considerably the physical and chemical properties of PVK. The characterization techniques employed are UV-visible, IR, DSC, TGA, ESR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. The fullerenated PVK, which has a visibly earthy yellow cast when compared with the unreacted polymer, has a new structure in the UV-vis absorption spectrum with the active range extending from about 280 to 870 nm, its apparent temperature sensitivity is intriguing, and an unusual temperature dependence for the ESR spectrum is observed. Considerable difference of electronic structure between pure PVK and C60-PVK copolymer is indicated. The thermal stability and oxidation-reduction activation of pure PVK are enhanced by C60-chemical modification. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic copolymerization of [60]fullerene with styrene initiated by sodium naphthalene (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2653-2663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: [60]fullerene ; styrene ; anionic copolymerization ; structural characterization ; sodium naphthalene ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The novel C60-styrene copolymers with different C60 contents were prepared in sodium naphthalene-initiated anionic polymerization reactions. Like the pure polystyrene, these copolymers exhibited the high solvency in many common organic solvents, even for the copolymer with high C60 content. In the polymerization process of C60 with styrene an important side reaction, i.e., reaction of C60 with sodium naphthalene, would occur simultaneously, whereas crosslinking reaction may be negligible. 13C-NMR results provided an evidence that C60 was incorporated covalently into the polystyrene backbone. In contrast to pure polystyrene, the TGA spectrum of copolymer containing ∼ 13% of C60 shows two plateaus. The polystyrene chain segment in copolymer decomposed first at 300-400°C. Then the fullerene units reptured from the corresponding polystyrene fragments attached directly to the C60 cores at 500-638°C. XRD evidence indicates that the degree of order of polymers increases with the fullerene content increased in terms of crystallography. Incorporation of C60 into polystyrene results in the formation of new crystal gratings or crystallization phases. In addition, it was also found that [60]fullerene and its polyanion salts [C60n-(M+)n, M = Li, Na] cannot be used to initiate the anionic polymerization of some monomers such as acrylonitrile and styrene, etc.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2653-2663, 1998
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First electrochemical intercalation of lithium into fullerenated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Lithium batteries are attractive for energy storage because of their high theoretical energy densities. A mechanism of an electrochemical intercalation reaction is suggested for the discharge of the first Li-fullerenated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) battery on the basis of experimental data obtained from cyclic voltammetry, FTIR, XRD, and ESR. The above battery has a higher open-circuit voltage (ca. 3.2 V), and its discharge may be ascribed to the electrochemical interacalation process of lithium in fullerenated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) for positive electrode materials. The effect of the discharge of the electric cell on the structure and paramagnetic property of fullerenated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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