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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model networks of end-linked polydimethylsiloxane chains. XII. Dependence of ultimate properties on dangling-chain irregularities (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1829-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Elastomeric networks were prepared by end-linking vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chains having number-average molecular weights of 11.3 × 103 g mol-1. The tetra-functional end-linking agent, Si[OSi(CH3)2H]4, was used in varying amounts smaller than that corresponding to a stoichiometric balance between its active hydrogen atoms and the chain vinyl groups. The number of dangling-chain irregularities thus introduced into the networks was directly determined by iodometric titration for unreacted vinyl groups. The (unfilled) PDMS networks thus obtained were studied in elongation to their rupture points at 25°C (a temperature sufficiently high to prevent complications from strain-induced crystallization), and in swelling equilibrium in benzene at room temperature. Small to moderately large proportions of dangling chains were found to have less of an effect on the elongation modulus than might be expected, and similarly a relatively small effect on the degree of equilibrium swelling. Most importantly, comparisons of constant values of the high deformation modulus show that dangling-chain irregularities decrease both the maximum extensibility of a network and its ultimate strength.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260608
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological effects on Chinese hamster cells of synchronizing concentrations of hydroxyureaWork supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytological effects of 2 mM hydroxyurea upon Chinese hamster cells at various phases of the cell cycle were examined. Cells in the G1, G2, or M phases of the generation cycle treated with hydroxyurea showed no chromosomal aberrations. Cell treated in S phase became moribund and eventually lysed. Some of these moribund S cells reached mitosis much later and were found to have chromatid aberrations. Cells in the log phase of growth, surviving exposure to 2 mM hydroxyurea for six hours, also showed no aberrations. Thus, viable (colony-forming) cells, resulting from synchrony procedures with hydroxyurea are free of chromosomal aberrations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040720107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrov-Galerkin methods for the time-dependent convective transport equation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 883-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230510
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrov - Galerkin method for multidimensional, time-dependent, convective-diffusion equations (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 2201-2215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Petrov - Galerkin finite element method for two and three-dimensional time dependent convection-diffusion equations is presented in the context of two space dimensions. The method involves perturbed weighting functions in the weighted residuals formulation, that are bilinear in space and quadratic in time and depend on two parameters which are calculated according to a local analysis for the one dimensional case. The perturbations to the weighting functions can be interpreted as an added local anisotropic balancing diffusion and an added dispersion in the direction of the convective motion. The effectiveness of the method is shown through several examples involving the convective and diffusive transport of scalar distributions in known velocity fields.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pyrolysis of azetidine: Shock-tube kinetics similarities and contrasts with two analogs (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 30 (1998), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of decomposition of azetidine {(CH2)3N(SINGLEBOND)H)} was measured using single-pulse shock-tube techniques, over the temperature range 855-1100 K, in high argon dilution. These data confirm and extend an earlier investigation that utilized the very low-pressure pyrolysis method. A brief survey of many reports regarding the interesting features of azetidine is presented. In two appendices the thermodynamic and kinetic data on trimethylene sulfide, oxide, and immine are intercompared. New ab-initio calculations are cited for the parent species and their fragmentation products. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 30: 185-191, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some elastic and thermoelastic properties of two organophosphazene polymers (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Samples of the alkoxyphosphazene polymer [P(OCH3)2—N—]x and the aryloxyphosphazene polymer [P(OC6H5)(O-p-C6H4C2H5)—N—]x were crosslinked using γ-radiation. The resulting elastomeric networks were characterized, in elongation, with regard to both their stress-strain relationships and their stress-temperature (“thermoelastic”) properties. Values of the ratio 2C2/2C1 of Mooney-Rivlin constants used to characterize the stress-strain isotherms were found to be similar to those of other elastomeric networks of comparable degree of crosslinking. The thermoelastic data show the energetic component of the retractive force to be positive for the alkoxy polymer, but negative for the aryloxy polymer. Although it is not difficult to suggest a possible molecular explanation for some of these thermoelastic results, a definitive interpretation would require reliable information on the conformational characteristics of the skeletal bonds in the polyphosphazene chain.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectra of decahydroquinolines (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of cis- and trans-decahydroquinoline, their N-methyl and their N-benzoyl derivatives have been examined. Several deuterated derivatives of the N-methyl compounds and one C-methyl derivative have been prepared and a study of their spectra has aided in the interpretation of the mechanism of fragmentation. The major fragment ions are formed by loss of two, three and four carbon fragments from the homocyclic ring.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210040116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved syntheses of benzils as polymer intermediates (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1349-1356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods of synthesis of benzils were considered and some new combinations of old reactions were developed to make these materials more readily available as polymer intermediates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of antisense oligonucleotides and functional block of acetylcholine receptor subunit gene expression in primary embryonic neurons (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 14 (1993), S. 296-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Transport ; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; sympathetic neurons ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Several recent studies have used antisense oligonucleotides in the nervous system to probe the functional role of particular gene products. Since antisense oligonucleotide-mediated block of gene expression typically involves uptake of the oligonucleotides, we have characterized the mechanism of this uptake into developing neurons from embryonic chickens. Antisense oligonucleotides (15 mers) added to the bathing media are taken up into the embryonic chicken sympathetic neurons maintained in vitro. A portion of the oligonucleotide uptake is temperature dependent and saturates at extracellular oligonucleotide concentrations ≥ 20 μM. This temperature sensitive, saturable component is effectively competed by single nucleotides of ATP and AMP and is reminiscent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of oligonucleotides described in non-neuronal cells. The efficiency of the oligonucleotide uptake system is dependent on the developmental stage of the animal but independent of the number of days that the neurons are maintained in vitro.Following the uptake of antisense oligonucleotides directed against ion channel subunit genes expressed by these neurons (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α3; nAChR α3), biophysical assays reveal that the functional expression of the target gene is largely blocked. Thus the number of wild type nAChR channels expressed is decreased by =80%-90%. Furthermore, following antisense deletion of α3, “mutant” nAChRs with distinct functional characteristics are expressed.In sum, these studies characterize the uptake of antisense oligonucleotide and demonstrate the functional block of specific gene expression in primary developing neurons. In addition, the functional studies emphasize the need for sensitive and specific assay following antisense deletion, since other homologous gene products may substitute for the targeted gene resulting in new phenotypes that are subtly different from wild type. © 1993Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020140407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the copolymerization of bis-4-substituted-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones with styrenes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2513-2527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly reactive 4-substituted-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (TDs) have been studied extensively as dienophiles, but little work has been done on their role as enophiles and particularly on their use as propagating species in polymerization studies. The copolymerization between bis-4-substituted-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (bis-TDs) and styrene has been reported. The purpose of the present work was to synthesize new copolymers derived from a variety of substituted styrenes and bis-TDs and to study the mechanism and kinetics of this novel polymerization. Three bis-TDs were prepared: 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-bis[3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazoline-4-yl] biphenyl (8), t-1,4-bis[3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazoline-4-yl] methyl cyclohexane (9), and 4,4′-bis[3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazoline-4-yl] phenyl ether (10). Their structures were fully established by spectroscopic studies, elemental analyses, and indirectly, their quantitative ene reactions with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Copolymerization between bis-TDs and substituted styrenes was carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), or dichloroethane (DCE). Polymers formed were characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and viscometry. Molecular weights of polymers range from 5000 to 16,000 in most cases. They were stable up to 250°C and higher. Polymers derived from bis-TDs and p-t-butylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-nitrostyrene, and p-acetoxystyrene contained only Diels-Alder-ene (DAe) repeating units, whereas those derived from styrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, and 4-vinylbiphenyl contained both DAe and double Diels-Alder (dDA) repeating units. A kinetic study of the copolymerization of 4,4′-bis-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazoline-4-yl) phenyl ether with α-methylstyrene, p-t-butylstyrene, styrene, p-chlorostyrene, and p-nitrostyrene in DCE was carried out; the copolymerization rate constants were 60.9, 49.8, 8.4, 5.5, and 0.8 (1 mol-1s), respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210832
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