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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface sulphonated highly crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notes: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051620113
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous terpolymers: Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate-co-divinylbenzene) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1991), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Suspensionspolymerisation wurden Terpolymere aus Acrylnitril (AN), Vinylacetat (VA) (7,5-30 mol-%, bezogen auf AN) und Divinylbenzol (DVB) (10 Gew.-%) hergestellt. Als Verdünner wurden Mischungen von Toluol oder Cyclohexanol (90 Vo1.-%) mit Hexadecan, Octan, Dodecan, 2-Ethylhexanol oder Benzylalkohol (jeweils 10 Vo1.-%) verwendet.Die Porosität der AN-VA-DVB-Terpolymeren ist mit 0,61-0,68 größer als die der entsprechenden AN-DVB-Copolymeren. Die übermolekulare Struktur der Terpolymeren hängt vom verwendeten Verdünner ab, obwohl sich die Porositäten nicht sehr voneinander unterscheiden. Die beim Erhitzen der Terpolymeren auf Temperaturen über 200°C auftretenden thermischen Effekte sind signifikant größer als die bei der Cyclisierung von AN-Polymeren gemessenen.
    Notes: Terpolymers of acrylonitrile (AN), vinyl acetate (VA) (7.5-30 mol-%, related to AN), and divinylbenzene (DVB) (10 wt.-%) were prepared by suspension polymerization. The diluents used were mixtures of toluene or cyclohexanol (90 vol.-%) with solvents (10 vol.-%) such as hexadecane (HD), octane (O), dodecane (D), 2-ethylhexanol (E) or benzyl alcohol (B).It has been found that AN-VA-DVB terpolymers have a higher porosity, about 0.61-0.68, than corresponding AN-DVB copolymers. The terpolymers obtained with mixtures of various diluents differ in their supermolecular structure although they had similar porosity characteristics.The thermal effects accompanying heating of the terpolymers above 200°C significantly exceed that of nitrile groups cyclization observed of the other AN polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051930103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A search for optimal acrylic carriers for immobilization of penicillin acylase (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tragersubstanzen auf Acrylbasis wurden durch Aminolyse von Nitril- oder Estergruppen in Co. oder Terpolymeren aus Acrylnitril oder Acrylsäureestern und Divinylbenzol oder Ethylendimethacrylat in Gegenwart inerter Solventien hergestellt. Der Einfluß der übermolekularen Struktur dieser Trägersubstanzen, die durch Zugabe inerter Solventien während der Suspensionspolymerisation erzeugt wurde, auf deren Tragereigenschaften wurde untersucht. Geeignete Trägersubstanzen zur Immobilisierung von Penicillinacylase wurden entweder aus porösen oder ‘Sol’-Typ-Copolymeren erhalten; sie zeigten nach der Aminolyse die Struktur eines expandierten Gels.
    Notes: Acrylic carriers were obtained by aminolysis of nitrile or ester groups in copolymers or terpolymers synthesized from acrylonitrile, acrylic esters and divinylbenzene or ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of a mixture of inert diluents. The influence of the supermolecular structure of these carriers, generated during the suspension polymerization by adding a mixture of inert diluents, on the carrier properties was observed. Acrylic carriers for immobilization of penicillin acylase should be obtained from either porous or ‘sol’-type copolymers which aquire after aminolysis the structure of expanded gel.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange equilibria of anion resins, 1. Effect of physical structure of macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 180 (1979), S. 2473-2481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anion exchange equilibria on benzyltrimethylammonium resins are studied on solvent-modified copolymer matrices prepared from styrene-divinylbenzene suspension copolymers obtained in the presence of a series of unbranched alkanes (C7 — C16) and toluene. Equilibria involving the exchange of chloride anions for bromide, iodide and perchlorate in dilute 0,01 M aqueous solutions were determined by the limited batch technique. It is found that the structure of the copolymer depends strongly on the interaction of an inert solvent with the copolymer during its formation. This structure affects the hydration of the functional groups and counter-ions in the gel phase and consequently brings about a variation of the selectivity of the resin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1979.021801021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous copolymers of trimethylolpropane triacrylate and acrylonitrile (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1299-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The homopolymer of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPA) was synthesized by suspension polymerization using a thermodynamically good solvent (toluene) as a porogen (vol. ratio 1:1). This polymer possesses a high specific surface area (437 m2 · g-1) and porosity (50%). It was found by sorption of benzene and cyclohexane that the majority of the pores are in the range of 1-5 nm. Sorption of phenol, a standard sorbate, from a water solution is proportional to the specific surface area of the mesopores. This sorption is higher than that of nonspecific sorbents (like styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers) and smaller than the sorption of specific ones (like acrylonitrile/divinylbenzene copolymers).Two sets of reactive copolymers were obtained. In the first set, TMPA (20-40 vol.-%) was polymerized with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of a constant amount of toluene as an inert diluent (vol. ratio 1:1). In the second set of copolymers the cross-linking degree was kept constant (30 or 40 vol.-% of TMPA) but various solvent mixtures were used, namely: toluene/tetradecane or hexadecane, toluene/2-ethylhexanol, cyclohexanol/tetradecane or hexadecane, cyclohexanol/2-ethylhexanol (vol. ratio 9:1). It was found that all the copolymers are macroporous (volume of pores approx. 1,0 cm3 · g-1) but those obtained in the presence of good solvents display a higher specific surface area and hence better sorption properties towards phenol than those obtained in the presence of poor solvents. The swelling of AN/TMPA copolymers is smaller than that of the TMPA homopolymer due to the presence of additional physical crosslinks formed by the strongly polar nitrile groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange equilibria on anion resins, 2Part 1: cf.24.. Effect of chemical structure of functional groups in macroporous polystyrene resins (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anion exchange equilibria were studied by the batch technique on macroporous polystyrene resins with the following functional groups: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} ({\rm M),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H(CH}_{\rm 3} )_2 ({\rm DE),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm (CH}_{\rm 3} )_3 ({\rm TM),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH (E),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm H}_{\rm 2} {\rm (CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH)}_{\rm 2} ({\rm DE),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm (CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH)}_{\rm 3} ({\rm TE),} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm (CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH)}_{\rm 2} ({\rm MDE), and} - \mathop {\rm N}\limits^ + {\rm (CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm )}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} {\rm OH (DME)}$\end{document}. The selectivity order for these groups in slightly acidic, dilute solutions for the following anion systems: Br-/Cl-, I-/Cl-, and ClO4-/Cl- was found to be TM 〉 DME 〉 MDE 〉 TE 〉 DM 〉 M 〉 DE 〉 E, but it was entirely reversed in the case of F-/Cl- system. These results are discussed in view of some known theories of ion exchange selectivity. It seems that the experimental data can be best explained in terms of the Chu-Diamond-Whitney theory which takes into consideration mainly changes of the water structure caused by counter-ions, co-ions, and functional groups of the ion exchanger.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transfer catalysed reaction between chloromethylated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) and the superoxide radical anion (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2511-2516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of chloromethylated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (1 wt.-% of divinylbenzene) with potassium superoxide in the presence of phase-transfer catalysts was studied. It was found that in dimethyl sulfoxide and in the presence of 18-crown-6, the hydroxymethylated polymer is the main product with a yield of 45%. In dimethylformamide the transformation of chloromethyl groups was found to be the highest, but only 60% of alcohol groups are present in the resulting product. In benzene the transformation reaches only 25%. With Bu4NI as catalyst in a mixture of solvents, the transformation of chloromethyl groups proceeds with 85% yield and the product contains 80% hydroxyl groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021851203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of inert diluents on the structure and properties of lightly crosslinked acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 2259-2264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of solvents in the suspension polymerization of acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene on the structure of the resulting copolymers was tested. The solvents used were toluene or cyclohexanol in mixtures with aliphatic hydrocarbons. It was found that the solution conditions during the polymerization have no essential influence on both crystallinity and the structure of the dry copolymers. However, the properties of the copolymers differ markedly in the gel state. The copolymers obtained in the presence of good solvents show gel permeabilities and sorbabilities toward phenols several times higher than those of copolymers synthesized in the presence of poor solvents.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1992.021930909
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of styrene-divinyl benzene copolymers as obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 161 (1988), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden die Parameter der übermolekularen Struktur von Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymeren mit Vernetzungsgraden von 5, 10 und 20% untersucht. In diesen Copolymeren gibt es Gebiete mit unterschiedlicher Elektronendichte.Es werden die Mittelwerte der Inhomogenitäten 1, die Dicken der Übergangsschichten E und die spezifischen Flächen S/V bestimmt. Mit der Erhöhung des Vernetzungsgrades werden die Inhomogenitäten in der Copolymerstruktur größer, und die Phasenseparation wird deutlicher.
    Notes: The parameters of the supermolecular structure of styrene-divinyl benzene copolymers with a degree of crosslinking equal to 5, 10, and 20% were examined. It was found that regions with different electron density occur in the copolymers.Mean sizes of heterogeneities, 1, thicknesses of transition layers E, and specific areas S/V were determined. It was found that as the degree of crosslinking increases the inhomogeneity of the copolymer structure becomes greater and the separation of the phases is more visible.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051610103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic carriers for the immobilization of enzymes (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1989), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Einfluß der übermolekularen Struktur von Trägern, die durch Aminolyse von Nitril- oder Estergruppen in mit Divinylbenzol oder Ethylendimethacrylat vernetzten Acrylcopolymeren hergestellt wurden, auf die Immobilisierung von Enzymen untersucht. Die auf Trägern mit poröser Struktur immobilisierten Enzyme Peroxidase, Glucoamylase und Urease zeigen im Vergleich mit Trägern mit expandierter Struktur eine höhere Aktivität. Die Anzahl der funktionellen Gruppen im Träger beeinflußt die Aktivität der immobilisierten Enzyme, es besteht jedoch kein linearer Zusammenhang.
    Notes: The influence of the supermolecular structure of carriers obtained by aminolysis of nitrile or ester groups of acrylic copolymers crosslinked with divinylbenzene or ethylene dimethacrylate was investigated. The enzymes peroxidase, glucoamylase and urease immobilized on the carriers of a porous structure display a higher activity as compared to carriers with an expanded structure. The number of functional groups in the carrier influences the activity of the immobilized enzyme, but there is no linear relationship.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051710116
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