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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemistry of conjugated nitrogen - carbonyl systems, 6. Photodimerization of 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyridines (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1988 (1988), S. 979-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemie konjugierter Stickstoff - Carbonyl-Systeme, 6. - Photodimerisierung von 2,4-Dioxotetrahydropyridinen.Bei Bestrahlung in Acetonitril liefern 2,4-Dioxotetrahydropyridine 1, die Schlüssel-Verbindungen mit konjugiertem Stickstoff - Carbonyl-System, trans-syn Photodimere 2 als Hauptprodukte. Bestrahlung der N-Methylen-verknüpften Bis(2,4-dioxotetrahydropyridine) 3 führt sehr rasch zu Cyclobutan-Derivaten 4.
    Notes: On irradiation in acetonitrile solution, 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyridines 1, the key compounds of conjugated nitrogen - carbonyl systems, undergo photodimerization to afford the trans-syn dimers 2 as major products. Irradiation of N-methylene-linked bis(2,4-dioxotetrahydropyridines) 3 led to rapid photoreaction to give 4.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198819881008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemistry of the Phthalimide System, 37. Thiazacycloalkanols by Photocyclization of S-Substituted N-(Thioalkyl)phthalimides (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1985 (1985), S. 1099-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemie des Phthalimid-Systems, 371). - Thiazacycloalkanole durch Photocyclisierung von S-substituierten N-(Thioalkyl)phthalimidenDurch Bestrahlung N-substituierter Phthalimide (1, 2), die in der Seitenkette eine terminale Thioetherfunktion haben, mit einer Hochdruck-Quecksilberlampe werden unter bevorzugter γ-, δ-, ∊- und ζ-Wasserstoffabtraktion (Tab. 1) eine Anzahl von Thiazacycloalkanol-Derivaten (3, 7, 9-13, 16, 17) mit mäßigen bis nahezu guten Ausbeuten erhalten.
    Notes: N-Substituted phthalimides (1, 2) possessing a terminal thioether function in their side chain were irradiated with a high-pressure mercury lamp to give a variety of thiazacycloalkanol derivatives (3, 7, 9-13, 16, 17) with favored γ-, δ-, ∊-, and ζ-hydrogen abstractions (Table 1), in moderate to fairly good yields.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198519850602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemistry of the Phthalimide System, 39. Photoinduced Reactions, 84. Photochemistry of ω-Phthalimidoalkanoic Acid Derivatives Syntheses of Multicyclic Fused Hydropyrazines and 1,4-Diazepines (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 859-868 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemie des Phthalimid-Systems, 39. - Photoinduzierte Reaktionen, 84. Photochemie von ω-Phthalimidoalkansäure-Derivaten. - Synthese von kondensierten Hydropyrazinen und 1,4-DiazepinenPhotochemische Reaktionen von Phthalimiden, die in der Seitenkette verschiedene Carbonylfunktionen (Amide 3a-h, Ester 11, 14 oder Thioester 17) enthalten, werden beschrieben. Unter Bestrahlung wurden die Amid-Derivate 3 durch Photocyclisierung in benzoanellierte Hydropyrazine (4a, e, g, h) und Hydro-1,4-diazepine (4b, f) umgewandelt, während die Ester 11, 14 Additions- und Reduktions-Reaktionen an den Imid-Carbonylgruppen und der Thioester 17 Norrish-Typ-I-Reaktion des Thioesterteils zeigten ohne Cyclisierungs-Produkte zu bilden.
    Notes: Photochemical reactions of phthalimides having various carbonyl functions (amides 3a-h, esters 11, 14, and thioester 17) in their N-alkyl side chain are studied. By irradiation fused hydropyrazines (4a, e, g, h) and hydro-1,4-diazepines (4b, f) were formed from amide derivatives 3 through photocyclization, whereas the esters 11, 14 showed addition and reduction reactions of the imide carbonyl group, and thioester 17 showed Norrish-type I reaction of the thioester moiety, in each case, however, without yielding cyclized products.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198619860506
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoaddition of 2-thiopyridone and 2-thiopyrimidone to olefins (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1988 (1988), S. 733-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoaddition von 2-Thiopyridon und 2-Thiopyrimidon an OlefineBeim Bestrahlen von 2-Thiopyridon (1a) und 2-Thiopyrimidon (1b) in Gegenwart von Olefinen erhält man 2-substituierte Heterocyclen, wahrscheinlich über Thietane durch [2 + 2]-Addition der C — S-Bindung. Eine neue zweifache Addition von Isobuten wird diskutiert.
    Notes: 2-Thiopyridone (1a) and 2-thiopyrimidone (1b) undergo photoaddition to olefins to give 2-substituted heterocycles, probably via thietanes formed by [2 + 2] addition across the C — S bond. A novel two-fold addition of isobutene is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198819880804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoaddition of 2-Pyridones and 2-Quinolones to Conjugated Dienes (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 781-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Conjugated dienes ; Oxetanes ; Photoaddition ; 2-Pyridones ; 2-Quinolones ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoaddition von 2-Pyridonen und 2-Chinolonen an konjugierte DieneBeim Bestrahlen von 2-Pyridonen 1 in Gegenwart von cyclisch konjugierten Dienen 2 erhält man [4 + 4]-Cycloadditions-Produkte. Einige der Photoprodukte sind thermisch nicht stabil und lagern sich bei Raumtemperatur zu [2 + 2]-Addukten um. Bestrahlung von 2-Pyridonen 1 und 2-Chinolon mit nicht cyclisch konjugierten Dienen führt zu [2 + 2]-Cycloadditions-Produkten und 2-substituierten Derivaten, wahrscheinlich über eine Oxetan-Zwischenstufe.
    Notes: Irradiation of 2-pyridones 1 in the presence of excess cyclic conjugated dienes 2 gave [4 + 4] cycloaddition products. Some of the photoproducts were thermally unstable and underwent rearrangement at room temperature to give [2 + 2] adducts. Irradiation of 2-pyridones and 2-quinolones with noncyclic conjugated dienes afforded [2 + 2] cycloaddition products and 2-substituted derivatives, the latter being derived probably from an oxetane intermediate.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198919890225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemistry of the Phthalimide System, 44. Photoinduced Reactions, 122. Regioselective Remote Photocyclization: Examples of a Photochemical Macrocyclic Synthesis with Sulfide-Containing Phthalimides (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1113-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Phthalimide ; Photocyclizations ; Macrocycles ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: S-Substituted N-(thioalkyl)phthalimides 2 underwent photocyclization to give azathiacyclols, up to 16-membered ring compounds, in good yields. The cyclization occurred between an imide carbonyl group and a terminal sulfide group located in a remote position from the carbonyl group. The quantum yield of cyclization was determined as 0.042 (acetonitrile) for N-(5-methylthiopentyl)phthalimide (2a) and the efficiency of remote cyclization was not significantly affected by the chain length examined. Quenching studies of 2a using isoprene or 1,3-cyclohexadiene showed linear Stern-Volmer plots with the slopes of kqτ = 340 M-1 or 630 M-1, respectively. The effective concentration (Ceff) of photocyclization was estimated within the limits of 0.01 M 〈 Ceff 〈 0.1 M for 2a from a competition experiment with the intermolecular photoaddition of dimethyl sulfide. The efficient cyclophilic nature of remote photocyclization can be rationalized by an enhanced proton transfer from the sulfide group which is possibly located close to the carbonyl group to form a radical ion pair complex by an electron transfer process.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1992199201184
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic Fluorescence Reagents in the Study of Enzymes and Proteins (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 16 (1977), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Fluorescence reagents ; Enzymes ; Proteins ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies designed to elucidate life processes require close cooperation between various scientific disciplines. A pertinent example is seen in the application of fluorescence spectroscopy to biological studies, where biological sciences, physical and organic chemistry, and technical innovations complement one another. This report reviews the application of fluorescence probes which bind covalently to certain sites of proteins. The major organic fluorescence reagents used in this field are tabulated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197701371
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organische Fluoreszenzreagentien für die Untersuchung von Enzymen und Proteinen (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 89 (1977), S. 142-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei Untersuchungen, die zum Verständnis von Lebensvorgängen führen sollen, müssen mehrere naturwissenschaftliche Disziplinen zusammenwirken. Die Anwendung der Fluoreszenzspektroskopie zur Lösung biologischer Probleme bietet ein Beispiel: biologische, physikalisch-chemische und organisch-chemische Methoden sowie neue technische Verfahren ergänzen einander. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Fluoreszenzsonden, die kovalent an spezifische Positionen von Proteinen gebunden werden. Die wichtigsten Verbindungen für die Fluoreszenzmarkierung sind in einer Tabelle zusammengestellt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19770890305
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