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  • Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology  (22)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields in the electric utility work environment (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 15 (1994), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ELF ; EMF ; exposure assessment ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Research that has attempted to examine the relationship between work exposures to magnetic fields and health effects has suffered from limited exposure information. Power-frequency electric and magnetic (EM) field exposures vary substantially between industries, occupations, and individuals. In this study magnetic field data were collected for a variety of occupational categories within an electric utility. The sampling procedures emphasized craft occupations that were presumed to have higher exposures to magnetic fields. The objectives were to provide better exposure information for an ongoing cancer mortality study, examine the relationship between different summary measures of magnetic field exposure, and make available descriptive information useful for exposure reduction and worker education. Principal components analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation were used to explore the relationships between the different summary measures among all utility workers and among the subset of electrical craft occupations. Discriminant analysis was used to assess summary measures of exposure that differentiated occupational groups. Measurements for 770 days generated a total of 42378 hours of magnetic field data. Eleven summary indices of exposure were calculated for specific occupational groups. These include arithmetic mean, geometric mean, median, 95th and 99th percentiles, and fraction of measurements exceeding .5, 1, 5, 10, and 100 μT. Electrical craft occupations had higher work exposures than non-craft occupations. Electricians and substation operators had the highest exposures among craft occupations.We identified subsets of summary measures that were intercorrelated. The first PCA axis included the geometric mean, median, and the fractions exceeding 0.5 and 1.0 μT. This set of measures also were best at discriminating occupational groups. The relevance of these findings may become more important if consistent associations are found between particular occupations and disease and particular occupations and magnetic field summary measures. Further research is needed to evaluate these exposure assessment findings. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250150107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weak extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields and regeneration in the planarian Dugesia tigrina (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 16 (1995), S. 106-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: extremely low frequency (ELF) ; magnetic field ; ion cyclotron resonance ; planarian regeneration ; orientation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Extremely-low-frequency (ELF), low-intensity magnetic fields have been shown to influence cell signaling processes in a variety of systems, both in vivo and in vitro. Similar effects have been demonstrated for nervous system development and neurite outgrowth. We report that regeneration in planaria, which incorporates many of these processes, is also affected by ELF magnetic fields. The rate of cephalic regeneration, reflected by the mean regeneration time (MRT), for planaria populations regenerating under continuous exposure to combined DC (78.4 μT) and AC (60.0 Hz at 10.0 μT peak) magnetic fields applied in parallel was found to be significantly delayed (P ≪ 0.001) by 48 ± 1 h relative to two different types of control populations (MRT ˜ 140 ± 12 h). One control population was exposed to only the AC component of this field combination, while the other experienced only the ambient geomagnetic field. All measurements were conducted in a low-gradient, low-noise magnetics laboratory under well-maintained temperature conditions. This delay in regeneration was shown to be dependent on the planaria having a fixed orientation with respect to the magnetic field vectors. Results also indicate that this orientation-dependent transduction process does not result from Faraday induction but is consistent with a Ca2+ cyclotron resonance mechanism. Data interpretation also permits the tentative conclusion that the effect results from an inhibition of events at an early stage in the regeneration process before the onset of proliferation and differentiation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250160206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of extremely-low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields on the mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: mitogenic response ; peripheral blood mononuclear cells ; extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of extremely-low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) on the response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogenic stimulation is reported. We investigated 25 healthy control subjects. Mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells were exposed to PMF for 72 h and an inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake was observed in all but one subject. The degree of inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake was as much as 60%. There was no significant difference between the blastogenic responses of mononuclear cells exposed to PMF for 12 h and control cultures. This study establishes an inhibitory effect of PMF on an in vitro measure of immune function.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250070406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on “clarification and application of an ion parametric resonance model for magnetic field interactions with biological systems,” by Blanchard and Blackman (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 16 (1995), S. 272-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250160412
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 13 (1992), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: dielectric heaters ; body currents ; SARs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Data are presented on ankle-specific SARs and foot currents as a function of strengths of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields encountered by operators of dielectric heaters. The determination of foot currents was based on near-field exposures in which reactive coupling dominates, and which can result in substantial SARs in exposed workers. The operators were located less than one wavelength from - usually within one meter of - the dielectric heaters, which generated fields at frequencies from 6.5 to 65 MHz. At distances normally assumed by workers, maximal strengths of electric fields ranged from 104 to 2.4 × 106 V2/m2; maximal strengths of magnetic fields ranged from 5.0 × 10-3 to 33.3 A2/m2. Currents through both feet to ground were measured while operators stood where they normally worked. Maximal currents ranged from 3 to 617 mA, rms. Nearly 27 percent of the dielectric heaters induced foot currents that exceeded the 200-mA limit that has been proposed for a new ANSI C95.1 standard. Twenty percent of the heaters induced foot currents that exceeded 350 mA. SARs in ankles were calculated from foot currents, and they approximated 5 W/kg at 100 mA, 29 W/kg at 250 mA, and 57 W/kg at 350 mA. The maximal SAR in the ankle was ∼ 176 W/kg at 617 mA. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250130204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo and in vitro dielectric properties of animal tissues at radio frequencies (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 421-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: dielectric properties ; radio frequencles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: An open-ended coaxial line and an improved measurement method employing a computer controlled network analyzer were used to measure the permittivity of cat tissues. Muscle, spleen, kidney cortex, liver,and brain cortex were measured in vivo and in vitro at frequencies between 100 MHz and 8 GHz. The differences between the permittivities of these cat tissues, in the aforementioned range of frequencies, when measured in vivo and a few (up to four) hours after death, were found to be within the experimental uncertainty.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250030405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium cyclotron resonance and diatom mobility (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ELF fields ; cell mobility ; calcium ion effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The hypothesis that movement of biological ions may be predicted by cyclotron resonance theory applied to cell membranes is tested in these experiments. Diatoms (Amphora coffeaeformis) were chosen as the biosystem since they move or don't move, depending on how much calcium is transported across the membrane. The experiments demonstrate that a particular ion (calcium) is apparently moved across the cell membrane in response to the DC and AC values of magnetic flux densities (B) and the frequency derived from the cyclotron resonance theory. A clear resonance is shown and a rather sharp frequency response curve is demonstrated. The experiments also show a dose response as the AC value of the flux density is varied, and that odd harmonics of the basic cyclotron frequency are also effective.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on the cell division rate and plasma membrane of Paramecium tetraurelia (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 6 (1985), S. 61-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ; membranes ; cell division ; calcium ; Paramecium ; Fluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The eukaryotic protozoan, Paramecium, was examined as a model for effects of pulsated electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on cells. A 72-Hz PEMF similar to fields employed clinically increased cell division rates in Paramecium by 8.5%. Two calcium transport mutants of these organisms showed differential responses to the same field. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, abolished any effect of PEMFs on cell division rates. A fluorescent probe that is thought to sense changes in membrane potential also manifested an altered response in the PEMF-exposed cells whereas a fluorescent lipid bilayer fluidity probe produced evidence of decreased membrane fluidity in the exposed cells. An effect of PEMFs on ion transport mediated by either a direct or indirect effect on the cell membrane is suggestd by these studies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250060107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral sensitivity of rats to extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 15 (1994), S. 411-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: operant conditioning ; Pavlovian conditioning ; magnetic field ; detection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Work in our laboratory has revealed autonomic and/or behavioral sensitivity of mice, rats, and a domestic fowl to extremely-low-frequency (ELF) or nominally static magnetic (B) fields at flux densities between 250 and 1700 μT (rms). To extend our work, an automated exposure and data-acquisition system was used with the technique of conditional suppression to assess behavioral sensitivity to time-varying B fields. Each of five rats was exposed aperiodically to a B field during 3 min warning periods that terminated in a brief electric shock. The difference between rates of lever pressing during B-field warning periods and rates during immediately antecedent, 3 min control periods was analyzed at frequencies of 7, 16, 30, 60, and 65.1 Hz. To produce equivalent induced voltages in the rat at each frequency, graded flux densities were established that ranged from 1900 μT at 7 Hz to 200 μT at 65.1 Hz. Analysis of differences in lever-pressing rates revealed that in a given session of testing the rats would increasingly suppress responding when exposed to a B field, but this trend was independent of frequency. This experiment provides evidence of behavioral sensitivity by a mammal to an ELF magnetic field. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250150505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An increase in the negative surface charge of U937 cells exposed to a pulsed magnetic field (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: cell membrane ; surface charge ; phase partition ; pulsed magnetic field ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Pulsed magnetic fields have been used to enhance healing of bone fractures and purportedly of lesions in soft tissue. However, their mechanism of action is poorly understood. We report changes in the plasma membrane of a nonadherent mammalian cell line, U937, which was exposed to a 25-pps magnetic field for 48 hours. Aqueous polymer two-phase partition studies showed that magnetic-field-exposed cells exhibited an increased negative surface charge but membrane hydrophobicity was not significantly altered. The observed increase in membrane electronegativity of exposed cells did not reflect a significant change in growth rate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250120307
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