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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone graft and bone graft substitutes: A review of current technology and applications (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 187-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The morbidity associated with autogenous bone graft harvest and the recent concern regarding the transmission of live virus through use of allografts, have been the impetus for research into a variety of materials that could take the place of these standard materials for bone grafting. The positive results reported with various ceramics and/or bone derivatives suggest the possibility of a material with osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive properties for use with or in place of bone graft. This review discusses a variety of bone graft and bone graft substitute materials. Among the osteoconductive materials outlined are the hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate ceramics as well as some reportedly osteoactive polymers. While osteoconduction is a favorable quality, much interest has focussed on the use of osteoinductive or osteogenic materials such as demineralized bone matrix or bone derivatives,that is, BMP, osteogenin, etc. It is increasingly apparent that these materials require a carrier vehicle for optimal expression of osteoactivity. Therefore, the review finishes with a comparison of the various materials suggested for use as carriers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the activation time for platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described which permitted a perfusant (lactated Ringer's solution) to be passed through a porous sample in a pulsatile manner with a square wave pressure profile. The “on” time, “off” time, number of cycles and pressure amplitude were separately controllable. Using this apparatus and immersing the sample in stirred, heparinized, human blood, there was a certain “off” time below which platelet adhesion to the sample abruptly ceased. The values of this “off” time, termed the activation time ta for platelet adhesion were ∼0.5 sec for 0.2 μm pore size cellulose diacetate/nitrate (millipore filter) and ˜0.3 sec for 0.2 μm polycarbonate (nuclepore filter). After a single cycle with a 5 sec “off” time, adhered platelets on both these materials showed pseudopodia, varying degrees of spreading and membrane perforation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The peroxidase antiperoxidase staining of factor VIII-related antigen on cultured endothelial cells (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 18 (1984), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To prevent the premature occlusion of vascular prostheses, endothelium is being cultured experimentally onto synthetic flow surfaces. A rapid method of identifying cultured endothelium on the prosthesis is valuable for determining the degree of fibroblast and smooth muscle cell contamination and to screen for endothelial cell transformation. Fluorescent Factor VIII related antigen (FVIII-RA) staining has been used to identify cultured endothelium, but results in excessive staining of the underlying prosthesis, loss of morphologic detail, and deterioration of the FVIII-RA antibody reaction with time. We have applied the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method of antigen staining to permit staining of FVIII-RA and thereby to permit a sensitive and specific identification of human or canine endothelium with a concurrent analysis of morphologic detail.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820180509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ion concentrations in retrieved polyethylene total hip inserts and implications for artifactually high readings in tissue (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1349-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Although there are many studies which document high metal ion concentrations in clinically retrieved tissues surrounding total joint replacements, most investigations have remained cautious in their interpretation due to the artifactual influences of metal particulate.The possible contribution of polyethylene wear debris to artifactually high periprosthetic metal ion concentration readings has not been previously considered. This study documents the potential role of polyethylene particulate contamination in causing artifactually high metal concentration readings in tissues.The data showed metal ion contamination in the polyethylene was progressive at each stage of exposure to metal: from bar stock preparation, to manufacturing, to in vivo ambulation. The manufacturing and machining processes showed a statistically significant (P ≤ .05) increase in metal ion concentrations in the nonarticulated acetabular inserts over bar stock.The results of this study demonstrate that periprosthetic tissue and synovial fluid metal ion concentration data must be interpreted with caution due to possible artifactual problems associated with metal ion contaminated polyethylene particulate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820271102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning acoustic microscopy study of titanium-ceramic interface of dental restorations (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 508-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: nondestructive analysis ; titanium-ceramic interface ; scanning acoustic microscopy ; protective coating ; four-point bending test ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Failures that occur in titanium-ceramic restorations are of concern in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this study was to nondestructively characterize the internal cracks and nonadherent defects at the titanium-porcelain interface using scanning acoustic microscopy. Titanium samples coated with porcelain without a bonding agent, with sputter coated palladium or chromium as an oxygen diffusion barrier on the titanium, and with the use of a porcelain bonding agent (control group) were compared. The scanning acoustic microscopy analyses were correlated with four-point bending test results. The group that was initially coated with palladium had fewer interfacial defects and a higher load to failure than the control group, and the group that did not contain the bonding agent had a higher void area and a lower load to failure than the control group. The use of chromium produced no differences from the control group. Samples after a four-point bending test were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy was not able to characterize interfacial defects at the fractured titanium-ceramic interface for some of the samples. The validity of nondestructive analysis at the Ti-ceramic interface using scanning acoustic microscopy was demonstrated in this study. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 508-516, 1998.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of antibiotic additions on the mechanical properties of acrylic cement (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 12 (1978), S. 473-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Early work on hip prosthesis showed that the metal component would loosen in bone even when screws were used. This practice resulted in the death and resorption of the bone; thus cement was used in orthopedic surgery for firm implantation of prostheses. In recent years antibiotics have been added to the cement as a prophylaxis against infection.This research investigates the effects of antibiotics on the diametral tensile and compression strength of the cement. Samples made with 2 g of antibiotic per surgical packet of bone cement containing the antibiotics gentamicin, keflin, and a combination of the two were tested. These samples were aged at ambient temperature for periods of 1 day and 1, 2, 8, 13, and over 30 weeks.A statistical analysis using a two-way analysis of variance with interaction was conducted. It was concluded that the compression strength was affected by the antibiotic, and not by the aging period, but that there is an antibiotic-aging period interaction. The tensile strength is not affected by either the antibiotic or the aging period, and there is an antibiotic-aging period interaction. Current work being conducted will analyze additional factors and interactions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820120403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood-compatible materials by fluid perfusionPresented at the Eighth International Biomaterials Symposium, Philadelphia, Pa., April 10-13, 1976. (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 11 (1977), S. 767-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of preventing platelet adhesion to porous foreign surfaces in contact with blood by passing (perfusing) a physiologic fluid through the pores into the blood was tested. Porous-walled tubes of Teflon (Gore-tex) and aluminosilicate ceramic were perfused with lactated Ringer's solution at rates between 3.13 and 0.3 cc/min per cm2 of perfused surface and exposed to heparinized and unheparinized flowing human whole blood for periods of 3-6 min. Under these conditions, with 0.159 cm I.D. tubes and a mean blood flow rate of 8.3 cm/sec, the adhesion of all blood cells was prevented, compared with the adhesion of 1 to 8 × 106 platelets/cm2 on the nonperfused controls. The adhesion of plasma proteins was also markedly reduced as determined by bromophenol blue staining.The critical perfusion rate to prevent platelet adhesion to Gore-tex (0.5 μ pore size, 60% pore volume) was found to be between 0.04 and 0.3 cc/ (min · cm2). The boundary layer produced by a perfused segment of porous tubing prevented platelet adhesion for several centimeters downstream from the perfusing segment under experimental conditions used.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820110511
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of periosteal activation agent on bone repair and ingrowth (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 429-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A substance that activates the resting periosteum (PAA) was applied to the periosteal surface in two different healing models using the femurs of 2-kg male rabbits. The activation agent was applied to the periosteal surface over the sites of circular defects drilled through the lateral cortex in one model and over the sites of porous polyethylene implants placed in the lateral cortex and the medullary canal in the other model. Results failed to show that the agent either enhanced bone ingrowth into the porous implants or accelerated bony filling of the circular defects. However, there was indication of enhanced mineralization and periosteal callus formation as early as 24 h after application.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820210404
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterial activity of cured dental resin incorporating the antibacterial monomer MDPB and an adhesion-promoting monomer (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 39 (1998), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: dental resin ; antibacterial activity ; Streptococcus mutans ; curing ; adhesion ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this study, the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) and an adhesion-promoting phosphoric monomer were incorporated into Bis-GMA-based dental resin and its antibacterial activity after curing was investigated. The experimental resin containing MDPB and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) was polymerized and washed with methanol, and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Streptococcus mutans were determined. Growth of S. mutans was strongly inhibited by contact with the surface of cured MDPB/MDP-containing resin, although the bactericidal effect was small. Cured MDPB/MDP-containing resin also showed an inhibitory effect against in vitro plaque formation on its surface by S. mutans. The bactericide immobilized in Bis-GMA-based resin demonstrated bacteriostatic activity as a contact antimicrobial even when adhesion-promoting phosphoric monomer was incorporated into the materials. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 511-515, 1998.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creating molecular barriers to acute platelet deposition on damaged arteries with reactive polyethylene glycol (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: platelets ; surface modification ; polyethylene glycol ; angioplasty ; restenosis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We report here a novel method for blocking acute platelet deposition at the site of vessel injury by molecularly masking thrombogenic vascular wall proteins with covalently attached polyethylene glycol (PEG). To evaluate this technique, blood containing 111In-labeled platelets was perfused over damaged human placental arteries for 2 min at a wall shear rate of 200 s-1. Denuded vessel segments were incubated for 30, 15, 5, and 1 min with a solution of either reactive PEG-diisocyanate (PEG-ISO) or nonreactive PEG-dihydroxyl (PEG-OH). Vessels treated with PEG-ISO for 1 min exhibited 87 ± 12% less platelet deposition (p 〈 0.01) than untreated control vessels, and this reduction did not vary significantly among treatment times, indicating that this reaction occurs rapidly enough to be clinically applicable. To investigate the duration of this thrombotic barrier, denuded pig carotid arteries were treated with reactive PEG-ISO for 1 min, perfused with plasma for 30 min, and then perfused with blood containing radiolabeled platelets. PEG-ISO-treated arteries exhibited 84 ± 9% less platelet deposition (p 〈 0.05) than untreated controls. These data demonstrate that damaged arterial surfaces can be rendered resistant to platelet deposition after short contact periods with reactive PEG. Molecular PEG barriers ultimately might find application following vascular procedures to sterically inhibit blood cell interaction with damaged vascular surfaces. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 251-256, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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