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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380421
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric ceramic implants: A feasibility studyPortions of this work were presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials, Clemson, SC, April 28-May 2, 1979. (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A piezoelectric ceramic has been investigated as a direct substitute for hard tissues. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) powder was slipcast and fired at 1430°C for 2 hr, then made piezoelectric by polarizing. After 16 and 86 days of implantation in the cortex of the femoral midshafts, the femora with test specimens were sectioned into about 4-cm lengths. Their voltage outputs were measured under cyclic load at 1 Hz. The present results show that the voltage gradient at the implant surface is 0.15 mV/mm for the 16-day implantation with a 445-N (100-lbs.) load. This in turn can give rise to about 0.01 μA current flow in the adjacent area of the 16-day implant. The 86-day implant showed an order of magnitude higher voltage output compared to the 16-day implant with the same magnitude of loads. This is probably due to the “load-transfer” efficiency through the implants, since the voltage output is directly proportional to the actual load transferred to the implant. The more bone implant interface matures, the better the load transfer occurs through the implant, resulting in higher voltage output.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric ceramic implants: in vivo resultsPortions of this work were presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials, Clemson, SC, 28 April-2 May, 1979. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The suitability of barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic for direct substitution of hard tissues was evaluated using both electrically stimulated (piezoelectric) and inactive (nonpolarized) test implants. Textured cylindrical specimens, half of them made piezoelectric by polarization in a high electric field, were implanted into the cortex of the midshaft region of the femora of dogs for various periods of time. Interfacial healing and biocompatibility of the implant material were studied using mechanical, microradiographical, and histological techniques. Our results indicate that barium titanate ceramic shows a very high degree of biocompatibility as evidenced by the absence of inflammatory or foreign body reactions at the implant-tissue interface. Furthermore, the material and its surface porosity allowed a high degree of bone ingrowth as evidenced by microradiography and a high degree of interfacial tensile strength. No difference was found between the piezoelectric and the electrically neutral implant-tissue interfaces. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The excellent mechanical properties of barium titanate, its superior biocompatibility, and the ability of bone to form a strong mechanical interfacial bond with it, makes this material a new candidate for further tests for hard tissue replacement.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820150114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of hydrogen fluoride on alumina (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the smelting of aluminium, HF fumes are produced that are subsequently trapped by absorption onto alumina. The factors that affect the adsorption capacity of alumina have been studied previously and are well established, but the mechanism by which HF adsorbs onto the alumina surface is not well understood.In this study, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the nature of the surface adsorption of HF on alumina. XPS is particularly well suited to the study of this type of gas adsorption process.Laboratory-prepared samples were studied with particular interest in evidence for Al—F bonding, or in fluoride species formed by reaction with —OH or —O. Also of interest was the role of sodium, since it is segregated to the surface of the alumina during calcination.Al—F bonding was observed on only one sample type. An Al—F interaction was identified when the alumina had been predried and dry HF was absorbed. When moisture was present no AlF3 formation was observed. This suggests that under conventional conditions (i.e. moisture present) the adsorption of HF involves a weak interaction, probably hydrogen bonding, with intermediate layers of water. After heating the samples containing weakly bound HF to 500°C, no Al—F interaction was observed. Much of the HF was desorbed at 700°C.An Na-F interaction was observed in all fluoride-adsorbed samples; however, this can only account for a small proportion of the total fluoride adsorbed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the reaction between tungsten trioxide and carbon tetrachloride (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 938-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230623
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct measurements of the mechanical properties of polymerized and unpolymerized langmuir-blodgett films (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 1289-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical measurements can be made on Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films that have been peeled from their substrates, and are floating on the surface of water, by compressing them between the moving barrier and the Langmuir balance float in a standard monolayer trough. We have used this technique, which utilizes apparatus commonly available where LB films are made, to study multilayers of lead 10,12-tricosadiynoate (a diacetylene carboxylic acid) that were first polymerized and then peeled from the substrate. For comparison we have performed the same measurements on pieces of mylar, on unpolymerized films, and on films of calcium octadecanoate (a saturated chain fatty acid). We found Young's modulus for films of the saturated chain material, the unpolymerized diynoate, and the polymerized films, to be 6 GPa (900 kpsi), 0.5 GPa, and 6 GPa, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270608
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explorations in cell biology and pharmacology using synthetic polymersPaper presented at the meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Makromolekulare Chemie” on “Polymers and Biological Functions” in Bad Nauheim (West-Germany) on April 18/19, 1988. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 166 (1989), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We have used synthetic polymers as tools to probe endocytosis and lysosome function. Their particular value lies in their well-defined chemical constitution and in the possibility to custom-synthesize molecules with desired characteristics. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Percoll and polystyrene beads have been 125I-labelled and used to explore the borderland of pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Derivatized poly(aspartamide), poly(hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) and a polylysine-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer have been used to investigate the effects of hydrophobic moieties and sugar residues on substrate-selection in pinocytosis. The effect of cationic moieties has been studied using vinylpyrrolidone-vinylamine copolymers.Poly(hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) with certain oligopeptide side---chains have been shown to be susceptible to lysosomal peptidases. Ethylene glycol oligomers are being used to study the basal permeability of the lysosome membrane.Soluble macromolecules have considerable potential in targeted drug-delivery. Drugs attached to appropriate polymers by covalent links that are susceptible to lysosomal enzymes can deliver drug to target cells and avoid unwanted sideeffects. Synthetic macromolecules have several advantages over their natural counterparts: they are chemically more robust, less immunogenic, and easier and cheaper to prepare in bulk.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051660114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of water with native collagen (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 231-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of water with collagenous tissue was investigated using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and cryogenic X-ray techniques. The loss spectrum was found to be very sensitive to water which is highly associated with the macromolecule. Two water-sensitive loss peaks were observed below 0°C: the β2 or “water dispersion” at 150°K and the β1 at 200°K which is attributed to motion of polar side chains. Changes in peak temperature and intensity were not continuous with water content, but exhibited regimes in behavior which were associated with two types of nonfreezable water, structural and bound water. In cryogenic X-ray experiments, specimens which contained some freezable water exhibited reflections identified with the cubic form of ice. These ice crystals underwent an irreversible transition to the more common hexagonal form when warmed above 200°K. On the basis of these experiments, a model for the hydration of native collagenous tissue was proposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1977.360160202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-scattering spectroscopic study of polysaccharide protein conjugate (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 1503-1520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By combining gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and light-scattering spectroscopy, including photon correlation and angular distribution of absolute scattered intensity, we were able to characterize immunologically active Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (HIB Ps) bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates in terms of equivalent hydrodynamic radius rh ∼ (6.2 ± 0.6) × 102 Å, apparent radius of gyration rg ∼ (5.4 ± 0.3) × 102 Å, apparent molecular weight Mw ∼ (3.5 ± 0.4) × 106 g/mol, and a second virial coefficient A2 ∼ (1.9 ± 0.3) × 10-4 cm3 mol/g2. We could study the effects of each of the processes in the conjugate formation according to the following procedure: BSA (dialysis, modification, fractionation) + HIB Ps → HIB Ps/BSA conjugate (conjugate formation, fractionation). Narrow distributions of HIB Ps BSA conjugate formation can be achieved using fractionated BSA.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360210804
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation behavior of erythrocyte ghost (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Biological membranes consist mainly of lipids and proteins. At present, the structure of the lipid phase appears to be established, but hypotheses on the molecular organization of the protein are difficult to support. Thus the deformation behavior of whole human erythrocyte ghosts, ghosts after the selective removal of lipids and ghosts stripped of lipids as well as nonlipid components have been examined in the hope of securing indirect information on the organization of the protein. It has been found that large localized deformations result in partial membrane failure and long uniformly wide fibrils, frequently in excess of 3000 Å, are drawn across the rupture. These data are interpreted in terms of currently favored membrane models and the possibility of a fibrous membrane framework consisting predominantly of protein is reviewed. The behavior of the membrane in its various stages of extraction is compared and contrasted to that of synthetic polymer films of known organization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1969.360080212
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