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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (19)
  • General Chemistry  (4)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (24)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; subclone ; continuous culture ; batch culture ; igG-mRNA ; biosynthetic activities ; antibody production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During long-term continuous culture of the hybridoma cell line 11317, a better-producing subclone (I1317-SF11), giving improved productivity, has been selected. The comparison of the original cell line (I1317-DC) with this subclone revealed that although the growth patterns of both clones were similar, both in continuous and in batch cultures, considerable differences could be seen between the clones with respect to monoclonal antibody (MAB) accumulation, MAB production rate, the levels of mRNA coding for heavy and light chains of IgG, and some metabolic activities. In continuous culture as well as in batch culture, I1317-SF11 showed increased levels of mRNA coding for kappa and gamma chains compared with I1317-DC and/or a modified ratio of the mRNA species when compared to that in I1317-DC. Using pulse experiments, it could be established that the biosynthesis of both chains was augmented in I1317-SF11. Although the kappa and gamma mRNA levels were modified or inversed for I1317-SF11, the cells always synthesized more kappa than gamma chains. The overall increase in the synthetic activity of I1317-SF11 is suggested as one reason for the considerable increase of IgG productivity and product accumulation in continuous culture as well as in repeated batch cultures. Tests concerning metabolic activity revealed that I1317-SF11 had a predominantly glycolytic metabolism independent of growth requirements, whereas for I1317-DC the metabolism became increasingly glycolytic with increased growth. The antibody yield coefficient of I1317-SF11 on glutamine was significantly higher than that of I1317-DC for the continuous culture, whereas the antibody coefficients on glucose were almost similar for both clones under the different culture conditions used. Both antibody coefficients were considerablly influenced by the specific growth rate.All these facts together lead to the conclusion that subclone I1317-SF11 uses more of the energy available, or it was the energy and/or precursors available for the synthesis and production of MAB more efficiently than the thesis and production of MAB more efficiently than the original cell line. Although the levels of mRNA coding for heavy and light chains of IgG were modified, it could be confirmed that the overall regulation of MAB-synthesis and -production occurs post-translationally and that at higher growth rates, more biosynthetic activity is diverted to biomass production. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 72 (1960), S. 778-779 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 612-613 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 562 (1988), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ag2PdCl4, Crystal Structure and the Crystal Chemical Relation to the NaCl TypeAg2PdCl4 single crystals show orthorhombic symmetry with the space group Cmca (No. 64) and the lattice parameters a = 10.088(2), b = 8.051(5), c = 8.078(2) å, with 4 formular units per unit cell. The atomic arrangement of Ag2PdCl4 is explored by X-ray crystal structure analysis.Silver shows a distorted octahedral arrangement of chlorine atoms. Palladium forms typical, approximately square-planar PdCl4 groups. Ag2PdCl4 is a new variant of a partially occupied sodium chloride structure type.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von Ag2PdCl4 wurde mit röntgenographischen Methoden an Einkristallen ermittelt. Ag2PdCl4 kristallisiert mit orthorhombischer Symmetrie: Cmca (No. 64), a = 10,088(2), b = 8,051(5), c = 8,078(2) å mit 4 Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle.Silber besitzt eine verzerrt oktaedrische Chlor-Nachbarschaft, während das Palladium annähernd quadratisch planare PdCl4-Gruppen bildet. Ag2PdCl4 stellt eine neue Variante einer teilbesetzten Natriumchloridstruktur dar.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 566 (1988), S. 62-70 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of AgPb4O4Cl, a Curious Variant of the Tetragonal Structure Type of PbOAgPb4O4Cl was prepared for the first time and the crystal structure was explored by single crystal measurement. The compound crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry in space group P4/n - No. 85 with a = 8.197(2) Å, c = 6.257(4) Å and two formulae per unit cell. The structure was refined by full matrix least-squares techniques to an R value of 0.049. AgPb4O4Cl shows a typical layer structure. Layers of Pb2+, Ag+ and O2- are separated by chloride layers. The crystal-chemical relations to the structural arrangement of the tetragonal modification of PbO is shown.
    Notes: AgPb4O4Cl wurde erstmalig dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur an Einkristallen aufgeklärt. AgPb4O4Cl kristallisiert tetragonal (Raumgruppe P4/n - No. 85) mit a = 8,197(2) Å, c = 6,257(4) Å und Z = 2. Die Verfeinerung der Einkristallmessung mittels der Methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadrate ergab den Gütefaktor Rw = 0.049. AgPb4O4Cl zeigt eine Schichtstruktur, wobei Chloridionen die Schichten aus Pb2+, Ag+ und O2- trennen. Die kristallchemische Beziehung zum Aufbau der tetragonalen Modifikation von PbO wird dargelegt.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 663-669 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dicopper(I)-octa-μ3-halogeno-hexahalogeno-octahedro-hexamolybdate(II) ; crystal structure ; Mo6X14-group ; trigonal planar CuX3-group ; ionic conduction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Trigonal Planar CuX3-Groups in Cu2Mo6X14, X = Cl, Br, ICu2Mo6Cl14 (I), Cu2Mo6Br14 (II) and Cu2Mo6I14 (III) were synthesized by thermal treatment of corresponding mixtures of copper(I) and molybdenum(II) halides. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. I and II show isotypism, cubic, Pn3 (no. 201, sec. setting), Z = 4, I: a = 12.772(3) Å, II: a = 13.350(2) Å. III shows a new structural type, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), Z = 4, a = 16.058(3) Å, b = 10.643(2) Å, c = 16.963(3) Å. Trigonal planar CuX3 units were found in I—III. Structural behaviour relations are discussed, especially with regard to ionic conductivity.
    Notes: Cu2Mo6Cl14 (I), Cu2Mo6Br14 (II) und Cu2Mo6I14 (III) wurden durch thermische Behandlung der Gemenge der binären Halogenide CuX und Mo6X12 im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 in einkristalliner Form erhalten. Röntgenographische Strukturbestimmung wurde an Einkristallen durchgeführt. I und II zeigen Isotypie, Pn3 (Nr. 201, sec. setting) Z = 4, I: a = 12,772(3) Å, II: a = 13,350(2) Å. III weist eigenen Strukturtyp auf: Pbca (Nr. 61), Z = 4, a = 16,058(3) Å, b = 10,643(2) Å, c = 16,963(3) Å. In I—III liegen trigonal planare CuX3-Gruppen vor. Bindungsverhältnisse und Meßergebnisse der Ionenleitfähigkeit werden diskutiert.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1231-1235 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dilead(II)-hexahalogenopalladate(II) ; crystal structure ; strongly elongated PdX6 octahedra ; DTA, IR/RAMAN, 207Pb MAS NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pb2PdX6 (X = Cl, Br) - Compounds with Elongated [PdX6] OctahedraIn contradiction to published data new compounds in the systems PbX2 - PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) with the formula Pb2PdCl6 (I) and Pb2PdBr6 (II) were found. These were synthesized by thermal treatment of the corresponding mixtures of PbX2 and PdX2 (X = Cl, Br). X-ray single crystal structure analysis shows isotypism of I and II, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), Z = 2, I: a = 9.037(2) Å, b = 6.224(1) Å, c = 8.162(1) Å, β = 90.31(7)β, II: a = 9.512(7) Å, b = 6.584(8) Å, c = 8.383(3) Å, β = 90.07(5)º. Strongly elongated PdX6 octahedra are found in the crystal structure. Additional characterisation of the compounds was done by DTA, IR/RAMAN spectra and 207Pb MAS NMR investigations. Remarcable low field shifts were found for 207Pb.
    Notes: Entgegen Literaturangaben wurden in den Systemen PbX2 - PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) die neuen Verbindungen Pb2PdCl6(I) und Pb2PdBr6(II) aufgefunden. Sie wurden durch thermische Behandlung der binären Halogenide PbX2 und PdX2 im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 dargestellt (Einkristalle). Die Kristallstrukturen wurden mit Einkristallröntgenuntersuchungen ermittelt. I und II sind isotyp, monoklin, P21/c (Nr. 14), Z = 2, I: a = 9,037(2) Å, b = 6,224(1) Å, c = 8,162(1) Å, β = 90,31(7)º, II: a = 9,512(7) Å, b = 6,584(8) Å, c = 8,383(3) Å, β = 90,07(5)º. In Pb2PdX6 werden stark gestreckte PdX6-Oktaeder beobachtet. Die Verbindungen wurden außerdem mittels DTA, IR/RAMAN-Spektren und 207Pb-MAS-NMR-Untersuchungen charakterisiert. Für 207Pb wurde eine bemerkenswerte Tieffeldverschiebung beobachtet.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 977-980 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mercury(II) lead(II) oxide chloride ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; structural comparison ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: HgPb2O2Cl2, a “Perforated” Lead(II) OxideSingle crystals of HgPb2O2Cl2 were grown in a HgCl2 flux by reaction of PbO with HgCl2. Crystal structure analysis by single crystal X-ray methods were carried out. HgPb2O2Cl2 crystallizes monoclinic with a = 11.788(2) Å, b = 3.910(1) Å, c = 7.749(2) Å, β = 122.64(3)°, space group C2/m (No. 12) and Z = 2. HgPb2O2Cl2 is the first member of a new structure type, closely related to the structure of PbO.
    Notes: Einkristalle von HgPb2O2Cl2 wurden durch Umsetzung von PbO und HgCl2 in HgCl2-Schmelzen gezüchtet. An ihnen wurde der Aufbau mittels Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt. HgPb2O2Cl2 kristallisiert monoklin mit a = 11,788(2) Å, b = 3,910(1) Å, c = 7,749(2) Å, β = 122,64(3)°, Raumgruppe C2/m (Nr. 12) und Z = 2. HgPb2O2Cl2 ist der erste Vertreter eines neuen Strukturtyps, der kristallchemisch von der Struktur von PbO ableitbar ist.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 597 (1991), S. 151-161 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Silver lead oxybromide ; crystal structure ; layer structure ; crystal chemistry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: AgPbOBr  -  a New Sillén Type? Preparation and Crystal StructureAgPbOBr was prepared for the first time. Its crystal structure was explored by single crystal X-ray diffraction. AgPbOBr crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry in space group P 4/nmm - No. 129 with a = 3.891(1) Å, c = 11.07(1) Å and two formulas per unit cell. Least squares refinement yields an weighted R-value of 0.065. AgPbOBr shows a layered structure with components of the crystal structure of red PbO as well as AgBr. Emphasized differences between the crystal structures of AgPbOBr and the X2-types after Sillén's notation [1] are characteristic. AgPbOBr is the first member of a new structure type, arranged between Sillén- and Aurivilliusphases [2].
    Notes: AgPbOBr wurde erstmalig dargestellt und die Kristallstruktur an Einkristallen aufgeklärt. Es kristallisiert tetragonal (Raumgruppe P4/nmm  -  No. 129) mit a = 3,891(1) Å, c = 11,07(1) Å und z = 2. Die Verfeinerung (LSQ) der Einkristallmessung liefert Rw = 0,065. AgPbOBr ist schichtförmig aufgebaut mit aus PbO und AgBr bestehenden Bereichen, die nahezu unverändert dem Bau von PbO und AgBr gleichen. Die Unterschiede zur Kristallstruktur der Sillén-Phasen vom X2-Typ [1] sind charakteristisch. AgPbOBr nimmt kristallchemisch eine Stellung zwischen den Sillén- und den Aurivillius-Phasen [2] (z. B. BiOCl und γ-Bi2 WO6) ein.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 603 (1991), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dicesium mercury(II) palladium(II) hexachloride ; preparation ; crystal structure ; group-subgroup relation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Cs2HgPdCl6, a Distorted Variant of ChloroperovskitsCs2HgPdCl6 single crystals show tetragonal symmetry with the space group I 4/m m m (No. 139) with 2 formular units per unit cell. The lattice parameters are a = 7.432(4) Å, c = 10.874(7) Å. The atomic arrangement of Cs2HgPdCl6 is explored by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The important polyhedrons are square-planar PdCl4 groups and HgCl2 dumbbells. The PdCl4 group is completed by two further chlorine atoms to a elongated octahedron and four further chlorine atoms form with the HgCl2 dumbbell a compressed octahedron. The crystal structure of Cs2HgPdCl6 is compared with the arrangement in halogenoperovskits and in Rb2PdCl4 [3].
    Notes: Die Verbindung Cs2HgIIPdIICl6 läßt sich durch Festkörperreaktion phasenrein darstellen. Sie kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe I 4/m m m (No. 139) mit a = 7,432(4) Å, c = 10,874(7) Å, Z = 2. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit röntgenographischen Methoden an Einkristallen ermittelt. Pd2+ ist quadratisch-planar und Hg2+ hantelförmig von Cl-umgeben. In zweiter Nachbarschaft ergänzen weitere Cl- zu gestreckten bzw. gestauchten Oktaedern. Dieses Bauprinzip entspricht dem Aufbau von Cs2AuIAuIIICl6 [1, 2]. Es besteht direkte kristallchemische Beziehung zur Kristallstruktur der Halogenoperowskite bzw. des K2PdCl4-Typs.
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