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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (74)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (4)
  • Calixarene  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (78)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (78)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyester urethane network elastomers with incorporated hard segment oligomers have been prepared by poly(ethylene adipate)glycol (PEA), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), and 1,4-butanediol (BD). These hard segment oligomers were hydroxy-terminated oligomers ([BD-TDI]n-BD; n=1,3), obtained by reacting BD with TDI. Concentrations of allophanate as a cross-linking site were determined by the amine degradation method. Hard segment moieties were obtained by a novel selective hydrolysis of soft segments in the elastomers. Molecular weight distributions of hard segment were measured by means of GPC. Mechanical and thermal properties were measured. Dependence of rubber elasticity on physical cross-linking between normal elastomers and the elastomers with incorporated hard segment oligomers were discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The myosin molecule was extracted from the smooth muscle parts of horse esophagus and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The schlieren pattern of the sedimentation velocity run showed a very sharp single peak of.5.9. S (s20,w). Molecular weight of the protein was measured by means of the Archibald and sedimentation equilibrium methods, both in 0.5M KCI buffered by 1/150 M phosphate at pH 7.5 and at 5°C. The values obtained were 6.25 × 105 and 5.81 × 105respectively, for the two methods. The second virial coefficients were 1.1 × 104 and 1.2 × 10-4 ml/g. Denatured smooth muscle myosin was prepared in a solution of 5M guanidine HC1 containing 0.4 M KC1 and 0.2 M β-mercaptoet hanol buffered at pH 8.0. The weight-average molecular weight of the denatured smooth muscle myosin was 2.24 × 105 and the second virial coefficient was 7.6 × 10-4 ml/g. The values described above are in good agreement with those reported for rabbit skeletal myosin with ammonium sulfate fractionation. The molecular dimension of the molecule is estimated as the value for an axial ratio of 100, assuming a rigid rod molecular model for this molecule, both the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical treatment being in a good agreement with this estimation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly[γ-benzyl L-glutamate (BLG)-co-N5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine (HLG)] (3) and polyBLG/poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG/PEG) block copolymers (6) were synthesized, and the adhesion behavior of rat lymphnode lymphocytes on these polymers was examined by the column method. An increase in the HLG content of polymer 3 caused a slight decrease in lymphocyte adhesivity. Lymphocyte subpopulation B cells were found to be more adhesive to polymers 3 than T cells, by a factor of 1,4 - 1,6. On the other hand, an increase in the PEG content of PBLG/PEG block copolymer caused a remarkable decrease inlymphocyte adhesivity and an increase in selectivity in the adhesivity between B cells and T cells up to a factor of 2,3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Copolymerisation von 1,3-Dioxolan (1) mit 5-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-furanon (2) wurde in Dichlormethan und Nitrobenzol mit den folgenden Initiatoren durchgeführt: Triäthyloxoniumhexachlorantimonat, Triäthyloxoniumhexafluorantimonat, Antimonpentachlorid, Antimontrichlorid und Zinntetrachlorid. Die Mikrostruktur der Copolymeren wurde mit Hilfe der kernmagnetischen Resonanzspektren (1H-NMR) analysiert. Bei Verwendung von Triäthyloxoniumhexachlorantimonat, Triäthyloxoniumhexafluorantimonat oder Antimonpentachlorid als Initiatoren wurde das Monomere 2 sowohl durch ringöffnende Reaktion als auch durch „normale“ Vinyl-Addition in das Copolymere eingebaut. Auf der Grundlage von NMR- und IR-Untersuchungen über die Komplexierung von Lewis-Säuren mit γ-Lactonen wird gefolgert, daβ der ausgeprägte Effekt des Initiators, der bei der Copolymerisation von 1 mit 2 beobachtet wird, hauptsächlich der Koordination des Initiators mit dem γ-Lactonring des Monomeren 2 zugeschrieben werden muβ.
    Notes: The copolymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (1) with 5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-furanone (2) was carried out in dichloromethane and nitrobenzene by use of triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate, triethyloxonium hexafluoroantimonate, antimony pentachloride, antimony trichloride, and tin tetrachloride as initiators. The microstructures of the copolymers were analysed by means of 1H-NMR, showing that monomer 2 was incorporated into the copolymer chain by the ring-opening reaction as well as by the „normal“ vinyl addition, when triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate, triethyloxonium hexafluoroantimonate, and antimony pentachloride were used. On the basis of NMR and IR studies on the complexation of Lewis acids with γ-lactones, it was concluded that the prominent effect of the initiators observed in the copolymerization of 1 with 2 was mainly attributable to the coordination between the initiator and the γ-lactone ring of monomer 2.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 2815-2832 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die kationische Copolymerisation von 1,3-Dioxolan (1) mit 5-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-furanon (2), das über zwei funktionelle Gruppen, nämlich eine Kohlenstoffdoppelbindung und einen Lactonring, verfügt, wurde mit Triäthyloxoniumsalzen (Et3O+Y-, Y-: BF-4, FeCl-4 oder SbCl-6), Bortrifluoridätherat und Zinntetrachlorid in Nitrobenzol, Dichlormethan oder Toluol bei 0°C untersucht. Mit Hilfe von NMR-Spektren wurde die Mikrostruktur der Copolymeren aufgeklärt und gezeigt, daß das wachsende Kettenende von 1 ausschließlich die Kohlenstoffdoppelbindung von 2 beim Wechselschritt von 1 zu 2 angreift und zwar unabhängig vom angewendeten Lösungsmittel oder Initiator. Eine Ausnahme bildet jedoch Triäthyloxoniumhexachlorantimonat als Initiator. Bei diesem Initiator konkurriert die Ringöffnung von 2 nach Angriff durch das wachsende Kettenende von 1 mit der normalen Addition an die Kohlenstoffdoppelbindung. Die letztere Reaktionsweise ist jedoch vorherrschend. Die Ringöffnung von 2 unter dem Einfluß dieses Initiators wird wahrscheinlich durch eine spezifische Wechselwirkung des monomeren 2 mit dem Gegenanion verursacht.
    Notes: The cationic copolymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (1) with 5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-furanone (2) which has two functional groups, a carbon-carbon double bond and a lactone ring, was carried out with three triethyloxonium salts (Et3O+Y-, Y-: BF-4, FeCl-4 and SbCl-6), with the boron trifluoride ethyl ether complex, and with tin tetrachloride in nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, and toluene at 0°C. On the basis of the NMR analysis of the microstructure of the copolymer, it was revealed that the growing species of 1 attacked exclusively the carbon-carbon double bond of 2 in the cross-propagation from 1 to 2, regardless of the solvents and initiators used, except when triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate was used as initiator. With the latter initiator, the ring opening reaction of 2 by the attack of the growing species of 1 occurred competitively with the usual vinyl addition, although the latter mode of reaction was predominant. The ring opening reaction of 2 with this initiator is probably caused by some specific interaction of monomer 2 with the counter anion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ionic species formed in the reaction of 1,3-dioxane with triethyloxonium salts were examined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy under various conditions. The signal assignable to the protons of the positively charged end-methylene group appeared at δ = 9,9-16,6 ppm, depending on temperature, solvents, and counter ions. The quenching of the ionic species with sodium ethoxide provided 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-diethoxypropane, and 3,5,9-trioxaundecane. The removal of diethyl ether from the reaction mixture containing the ionic species shifted the end-methylene proton signal to a higher magnetic field and favored the formation of 1,3-dioxane in the quenching reaction. Similar phenomena were observed for the ionic species produced in the reaction of 1-chloromethoxy-3-ethoxypropane with antimony pentachloride. These results indicate the oxycarbenium ionic nature of the ionic species formed in the above reactions. On the basis of these model reactions, the growing species of cyclic acetals in the cationic polymerization is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2201-2207 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The variation of the allophanate concentration with curing time was determined by an amine degradation method. It was concluded that the properties of polyurethane networks prepared with the same formulation differ considerably if crosslinking reactions are carried out under different conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Synthesis of a novel conjugate of anticancer drug adriamycin, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(aspartic acid), and immunoglobulin G is reported. Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(aspartic acid), binding adriamycin on the poly(aspartic acid) chain, showed an excellent water-solubility despite the introduction of a large amount of strongly hydrophobic adriamycin, and was found to form a micellar structure in aqueous solution. Efficient coupling between poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(aspartic acid) binding adriamycin and immunoglobulin G was achieved via disulfide linkages.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1973), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die kationische Copolymerisation von Tetrahydrofuran und Diketen (4-Methylen-2-oxo-oxetan) mit Triäthyloxoniumtetrafluoroborat als Katalysator wurde durchgeführt und die Mikrostruktur der Copolymeren untersucht. Aus den Diadenanteilen, die mit Hilfe der NMR-Spektren bestimmt wurden, ergab sich, daß beide Monomereinheiten entlang der Kette des Copolymeren statistisch verteilt waren und daß wachsende Kettenenden mit Tetrahydrofuranstruktur sich sowohl an die Kohlenstoffdoppelbindung als auch an den Ringsauerstoff von Diketen anlagerten. Der Anteil der erstgenannten Reaktionsweise wurde aus den Versuchsdaten zu 0,37-0,41 abgeschätzt. Dies steht in bemerkenswertem Gegensatz zu den entsprechenden Werten, die bei der Copolymerisation von 1,3-Dioxolan mit Diketen beobachtet wurden. Der Unterschied in der Reaktivität der wachsenden ionischen Kettenenden wurde diskutiert.
    Notes: Cationic copolymerization of tetrahydrofuran and diketene (4-methylene-2-oxo-oxetane) with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate as initiator was carried out and the microstructure of the products was investigated. The diad fractions determined by NMR analysis showed that both monomer units were distributed randomly along the copolymer chain, and that the propagating species of tetrahydrofuran added to both the carbon-carbon double bond and the ring-oxygen atom of diketene. The fraction of the former mode of addition was estimated to be 0,37-0,41, in notable contrast to the corresponding values observed in the copolymerization of 1,3-dioxolane with diketene. The difference in the selective reactivities of the growing ions was discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2525-2538 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Copolymerisation von 1,3-Dioxolan (1) mit 5-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-furanon (2). das über zwei funktionelle Gruppen verfügt, nämlich eine Doppelbindung und einen Lactonring, wird beschrieben. Die Copolymerisation erfolgte in Nitrobenzol, Methylenchlorid oder Toluol bei 0 C mit Triäthyloxoniumtetrafluorborat als Initiator. Die Analyse der Mikrostruktur der Copolymeren mit Hilfe der kernmagnetischen Resonanz ergab, daß ein statistisches Copolymer gebildet wird und daß im Verlauf der Copolymerisation nur die Kohlenstoffdoppelbindung von 2 in Reaktion tritt. Die spezifische Reaktionsfähigkeit der wachsenden Spezies aus 1 wird diskutiert.Die Homopolymerisation von 2 wurde ebenfalls untersucht, wobei sowohl radikalische als auch verschiedene ionische Initiatoren eingesetzt wurden.
    Notes: The copolymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (1) with 5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-furanone (2) which has two functional groups, a CC double bond and a γ-lactone ring, was carried out in nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, and toluene at 0 C with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate as initiator. NMR analysis of the microstructure of the copolymer disclosed that a random copolymer was formed in this system, and that the exclusive addition of the growing chain end of 1 to the CC double bond occurred in the cross-propagation from 1 to 2. The highly selective reactivity of the growing species of 1 was discussed.Homopolymerizability of 2 was also studied by using various cationic and radical initiators.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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