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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (7)
  • Biochemistry  (4)
  • free volume  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic reactions in microbial fuel cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Potentiometric and amperometric measurements were made with microbial fuel cells containing E. coli or yeast as the anodic reducing agent and glucose as the oxidizable substrate. The catalytic effects of thionine and resorufin on the anode reaction were investigated. Results on the potentiometry, polarization, and coulombic output of the cells support a mediator-coupled mechanism for the transfer of electrons from the organism to the electrode in preference to a mechanism of “direct” electrochemical oxidation of glucose or its degradation products. Experiments with 14C-labeled glucose show that when a microbial fuel cell produces a current under load, exogenous glucose is metabolized to produce 14CO2. The Coulombic yields of the cells indicate a high degree of energy conversion in these systems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250219
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of gaseous substrate fermentations: Carbon monoxide conversion to acetate. 1. Batch culture (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 774-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biological processes may be used to convert gas phase substrates, such as H2S, CH4, CO, H2, and CO2, to useful products. Utilization of these substrates is often a mass transfer limited process, first requiring absorption across the gas-liquid interface and diffusion through the culture medium to the cell surface, prior to reaction. This article presents a method for determining fermentation parameters of a gaseous substrate in convenient batch vessels using a modified Monod model. The procedure is illustrated with experimental data for the conversion of carbon monoxide to acetate by the strict anaerobe Peptostreptococcus productus.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340607
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of gaseous substrate fermentations: Carbon monoxide conversion to acetate. 2. Continuous culture (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 785-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fermentation of gaseous substrates such as CO, H2, and CO2 may be performed in a continuous stirred tank reactor, as well as the traditional batch reactor. In this article, the conversion of carbon monoxide by Peptostreptococcus productus is demonstrated in a stirred tank reactor under both mass transfer-controlled and nonmass transfer-controlled conditions. Utilizing a non-steady-state procedure, intrinsic rates are evaluated under non-mass transfer-controlled conditions in a time period of only 5-6 hours. A steady-state procedure was used to evaluate CSTR performance under mass transfer-controlled conditions. The mass transfer coefficient was calculated, followed by the development of a model to predict CSTR behavior for this gas phase substrate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate addition to an immobilized yeast column of ethanol production (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 429-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acetate, a by-product of ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to inhibit cell growth if present in high concentrations. Consequently, acetate has been considered undesirable in systems where the production rate depends upon steady-state growth. Acetate, however, may be desirable in some systems since it increases the specific rate of ethanol production by increasing the maintenance requirements of yeast. In immobilized cell reactors using the crosslinking method, steady state is not achieved and cell overgrowth is a problem. This article presents the results of a study aimed at taking advantage of the use of acetate, both to reduce cell overgrowth and to increase productivity. Various concentrations of acetate were added to batch and plug flow systems, while monitoring the effects on cell growth and ethanol production. The productivity was increased by as much as 50% in an immobilized cell reactor (ICR), while cell growth was greatly reduced.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of inoculum size on ethanol inhibition modeling and other fermentation parameters (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 633-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of inoculum size on the kinetics of ethanol fermentation are not well defined in the literature. The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of the initial cell concentration on the modeling of ethanol inhibition. Experimental results show that increasing the inoculum level decreases the severity of ethanol inhibition. The effect of cell concentration can be related to the different inhibitory effects of autogeneously produced versus extracellularly added ethanol. On this basis, it is concluded that the extracellular ethanol concentration in the fermentation media is not the only variable to account for product inhibition modeling. Other fermentation parameters, such as yields and maintenance coefficients, are presented at different levels of initial cell concentration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290512
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas transport properties of polyphenylene ethers (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1577-1589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyphenylene ethers ; gas permeation ; gas sorption ; free volume ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gas transport properties of the polyphenylene ethers poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)PDMPO, and poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), PDPPO, and the thioether poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide), PPS, have been measured as a function of pressure and temperature. The PPS material and free volume correlations were used to estimate the behavior of the unavailable poly(1,4-phenylene oxide), PPO. The results show that symmetrical substitution of phenyl groups on the backbone of polyphenylene ether, PDPPO, increases the gas transport properties by one order of magnitude relative to the unsubstituted material, PPO. Symmetrical methyl substitution, PDMPO, however, increase the permeability, apparent diffusion and sorption coefficients even further. The gas transport coefficients correlate with the fractional free volume of the polymers. PDMPO has the largest fractional free volume and gas transport coefficients followed by PDPPO and the PPS. The results show that substitution of phenyl groups, which leads to polymers that have better thermal and oxidative stability than methyl substituted ones, can be a useful means for increasing free volume and gas permeability coefficients. While methyl groups appear to be more effective for the latter, the enhanced chemical stability of phenyl rings may be useful when gas separation membranes are to be used in harsh environments. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas transport properties of poly(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl cyclobutane carbonate) (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 991-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Gas permeation ; polycarbonate ; free volume ; sorption ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gas transport properties of semicrystalline films of poly(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl cyclobutane carbonate) (TMCBPC) were studied. Permeability coefficients for He, O2, N2, CH4, and CO2 at 35°C for pressures between 1 and 20 atm are reported as well as sorption isotherms for N2, CH4, and CO2 at the same conditions. The permeability coefficients for TMCBPC are larger than corresponding values for the aromatic bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate (TMPC), even though the TMCBPC films are semicrystalline. These results are explained on the basis of the larger free volume available for permeation in this polymer. Significant TMCBPC plasticization by CO2 was also observed and this causes typical time-dependent behavior. The plasticization process starts at very low pressures compared with the behavior of aromatic polycarbonates PC and TMPC. This early onset of plasticization seems to be related also to the larger free volume in the amorphous phase of TMCBPC which favors high gas sorption. The diffusion coefficients for TMCBPC are also larger than those reported for the aromatic polycarbonates PC and TMPC. Ideal gas separation factors were found to follow the usual trend; that is, as permeability increases, the ideal separation factor decreases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310809
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the Understanding of the Folding of Methylene Units in the Glutamine Residue (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 2 (1996), S. 364-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: conformation ; glutamine ; folding ; simulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational preferences of the methylenic sequence in the side chain of the glutamine residue were investigated by ab initio and semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations and examination of both the Brookhaven Protein Databank and Cambridge Structural Data Base. The results were analysed on the basis of our previous findings about the folding of methylene groups in aliphatic segments. Both energy calculations and the crystallographic structure of small peptides indicate that methylene units of the glutamine residue tend to fold in a gauche conformation. In contrast, such groups usually adopt an all-trans conformation in proteins due basically to the entropic and solvent contributions. These results have been demonstrated by computing the entropic correction to the free energy and evaluating the solvent effects through SCRF calculations
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.75
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minisatellite variant repeat (MVR) analysis of the HRAS1 minisatellite locus (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 3084-3089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Minisatellite ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Minisatellite variant repeat analysis ; HRAS ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two alternative electrophoretic strategies were used to study the internal variation of the HRAS1 minisatellite after minisatellite variant repeat mapping (MVR-PCR) was carried out. While the use of automated sequencers with fluorescent based technology is ideal for analyzing fragment size, and therefore, for analyzing the repeat number, the use of polyacrylamide gels and silver staining is more appropriate for the analysis of internal variation. Thirteen different fragments ranging from 27 to 80 repeats were found in a sample from 80 healthy Caucasian individuals. By using MVR mapping we were able to detect heterozygotes which appear as homozygotes when fragment length analysis was used. As a result of this, the 13 alleles, which we had detected, increased to 16 alleles when MVR sequences were analyzed. The extremely conservative arrays of repeats allow us to infer the theoretical origin of rare alleles from a major group of specific alleles. The HRAS1 minisatellite has been extensively studied due to its association with cancer. However, the methodology used up to now has limited the scope of previous research. Our approach permits the identification of alleles in a fast and reliable way using their MVR codes, thus allowing association studies with cancer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191807
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted Hartree-Fock approximation. I. Techniques for the energy minimization (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 4 (1983), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: We present a new procedure for direct minimization of the RHF energy, which presents advantages over SCF methods with respect to convergence rate and computational cost. In this procedure we combine several techniques with the aim of obtaining best directions and step lengths for the iterative search for a minimum of the energy. In this article we develop the theory. Therefore, we analyze the variational function; we present a short description of the minimization techniques and we discuss in detail the way in which they are to be used. The computational aspects of the procedure will be treated in the following article.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540040106
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