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  • 1
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    How the differential load induced by normal fault scarps controls the distribution of monogenic volcanism (2020)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: Understanding shallow magma transfer and the related vent distribution is crucial for volcanic hazard. Here we investigate how the stress induced by topographic scarps linked to normal faults affects the distribution of monogenic volcanoes at divergent plate boundaries. Our numerical models of dyke propagation below a fault scarp show that the dykes tend to propagate toward and erupt on the footwall side. This effect, increasing with the scarp height, is stronger for dykes propagating underneath the hanging wall side and decreases with the distance from the scarp. A comparison to the East African Rift System, Afar and Iceland shows that (1) the inner rift structure, which shapes the topography, controls shallow dyke propagation; (2) differential loading due to mass redistribution affects magma propagation over a broad scale range (10 0 –10 5 m). Our results find application to any volcanic field with tectonics- or erosion-induced topographic variations and should be considered in any volcanic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7507–7512
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Interpreting Inverse Magnetic Fabric in Miocene Dikes From Eastern Iceland (2020)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is a valid tool to investigate magma flow direction within dikes. However, geometrically inverse magnetic fabric characterized by maximum magnetic susceptibility axis (kmax) perpendicular to the dike wall may complicate the interpretation of flow trajectories. To better understand the nature of this fabric, we present a multiscale study on 19 dikes (383 samples) in the Miocene Alftafjordur volcanic system (Iceland), where 80% of the samples show a geometrically inverse magnetic fabric. We carried out (1) AMS measurements at different magnetic fields and temperatures, along with Anisotropy of Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (AARM) analysis; (2) hysteresis loops and FORC diagrams; (3) thin section analysis; (4) structural fieldwork. A variable Ti‐content (0.1 〈 x 〈 0.6, Fe3‐xTixO4) titanomagnetite is the main magnetic carrier, and the contribution of the paramagnetic elongated crystals to the magnetic fabric is negligible. Single domain is not the prevailing domain state of the magnetic particles, suggesting that its occurrence cannot be the main cause for the inverse fabric. AMS analysis at different fields and temperatures along with AARM allow us to exclude any mineral phase change of the titanomagnetite across the dike. Nevertheless, kmax is parallel to a diffuse horizontal column‐like fracture pattern perpendicularly oriented with respect to the dike strike. This suggests that the Ti‐magnetite mineral orientation during dike cooling was affected by the fracture network progressively developing columnar basalts. This study demonstrates that the interpretation of AMS data on old and deep volcanic bodies is not straightforward and observations at different scales are required.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020JB020306
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models (2020)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: Active calderas are seldom associated with circumferential eruptive fissures, but eroded magmatic complexes reveal widespread circumferential dikes. This suggests that, while the conditions to emplace circumferential dikes are easily met, mechanisms must prevent them from reaching the surface. We explain this discrepancy with experiments of air injection into gelatin shaped as a volcano with caldera. Analog dikes show variable deflection, depending on the competition between overpressure, P e , and topographic unloading, P l; when P l /P e = 4.8–5.3, the dikes propagate orthogonal to the least compressive stress. Due to the unloading, they become circumferential and stall below the caldera rim; buoyancy is fundamental for the further rise and circumferential fissure development. Numerical models quantitatively constrain the stress orientation within the gelatin, explaining the observed circumferential dikes. Our results explain how dikes propagate below the rim of felsic and mafic calderas, but only in the latter they are prone to feed circumferential fissures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6212–6219
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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