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  • 1
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    An interdecadal shift in the number of hot nights around 1997 over Eastern China (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-05
    Description: In this study, we investigate the interdecadal variation in summer nighttime hot extremes over eastern China using observational daily minimum temperature during 1979–2013. Results show a statistically significant shift in the number of hot nights (NHN) around 1997 with averaged NHN over eastern China of 6 days more during 1997–2013 than 1979–1996. The time series of the first leading Empirical Orthogonal Function mode of the NHN is closely related with sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical western pacific warm pool, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, which all experienced substantial interdecadal changes in the late 1990s. Other factors such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects may also contribute to the interdecadal change of the NHN around 1997.
    Electronic ISSN: 1530-261X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Royal Meteorological Society (RMetS).
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  • 2
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    Numerical Analysis of Header Structure Improvement in Plate-fin Heat Exchanger (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-05
    Description: In order to improve the flow uniformity in plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHE), a modified header structure with a plain baffle inside is proposed in this study. Flow distribution and pressure drop in header were studied by using numerical method. Results show that the modified header is high-efficient in improving the flow uniformity in header of PFHE with negligible pressure drop increase. Then, a performance effectiveness factor was introduced to predict the effects of the modified structure on the performance of PFHE. Finally, influences of baffle structure parameters on modified structure performances were further discussed. Conclusions of this paper indicate that the modified header structure can effectively improve the performance of PFHE.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Water effect on secondary nucleation of β form on the surface of α form of L-glutamic acid (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: The stability of a polymorph and the rate of polymorphic transformation are usually affected by solvent, and thus a molecular level understanding of the solvent effect on the nucleation of stable form during the polymorphic transfomration process is necessary to effectively control the whole process. In this work, the role of water in the nucleation of the stable β form of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) on three typical surfaces of the metastable α form is investigated via molecular dynamics simulation. By comparing the simulation results on the surfaces in contact with solution with those on the surfaces in vacuum, it is revealed that water molecules have not made any change in the order of the adsorption energies for the solute molecules on the three surfaces, but reduced the absolute values of the adsorption energies with the extent increasing in the order of {011} 〈 {111} 〈 {001}, and retarded the clustering behavior of solute molecules with the same order. In addition, water molecules also weaken the inductive effects of the surfaces on the conformational change of α to β. In general, the effect of water on the nucleation of the β form on the surfaces of α form unraveled here will aid the understanding of polymorphic transformation of L-Glu in solution.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
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    Two Typical Ionospheric Irregularities Associated With the Tropical Cyclones Tembin (2012) and Hagibis (2014) (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Two remarkable ionospheric irregularities named equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) and medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) are verified by using multi‐instrumental observations, for example, the ground‐based GPS networks, ionosonde stations, and Swarm satellites, when the tropical cyclones Tembin and Hagibis approached Hong Kong on 26 August 2012 and 15 June 2014, respectively. The low‐latitude plasma bubble over an area of 105–120 °E in longitude was observed during 12:30–17:00 universal time (UT) on 26 August 2012. GPS observations from magnetically conjugate locations indicate that the nighttime bubble during 20:30–01:00 local time (LT = UT + 8h) on 26 August should be formed from the magnetically equatorial region rather than drifted from the west (eastward drift) or generated locally. Different from the EPB, during another cyclone on 15 June 2014, the northwest‐southeast aligned nighttime MSTID was verified in midlatitude regions at a mean horizontal velocity of 156 m/s southwestward propagation during 12:30–17:30 UT when Hagibis was near the mainland coast. By comparing the ionospheric observations during the two cyclones, differences are identified: small‐scale irregularities associated with plasma bubble cause obvious perturbations of the rate of total electron content index with the value of ~3.0 TECU/min; while the MSTID in midlatitude only cause relatively slight rate of total electron content index disturbances with the value of ~1.5 TECU/min. In addition, the magnetic conjugacy of EPB and MSTID in two hemispheres during the passage of tropical cyclones has been also discussed in this study.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Enhancement of photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of BiOI nanosheets and silver quantum dots co‐modified TiO2 nanorod arrays (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract In this study, TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNR), Ag quantum dots (QDs) sensitized with TNR TiO2/Ag, bismuth oxyhalide (BiOI) nanosheets, and Ag QDs co‐modified with TNR and TiO2/BiOI/Ag (TBA) were prepared by a stepwise process. The morphological, structural, compositional, optical, photocatalytic (PC), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the samples were investigated. The TBA‐2 sample exhibited the highest photocurrent density (281.8 μA/cm2) and photodegradation efficiency (93.3%), with values 9.7 times and 2.25 times higher than those for TNR, respectively. The improvement in sample performance can be attributed to the formation of a heterojunction between BiOI and TiO2, thereby enhancing the absorption of visible light and improving the charge separation efficiency; Ag QDs limit interfacial electron‐hole pair recombination. The experimental results show that TBA can effectively promote light‐induced carrier transport and visible light absorption, while inhibiting the recombination rate of the electron‐hole pairs, PEC, and PC.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
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    Enhanced photoresponse and photocatalytic activities of graphene quantum dots sensitized Ag/TiO2 thin film (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Abstract TiO2 thin films were fabricated through hydrothermal method. Silver nanoparticles were loaded on TiO2 thin films via photoreduction technique. Subsequently, the graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were spin‐coated on the Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites thin films. The crystal structure, surface morphology and UV‐vis absorbance were tested by XRD, SEM and ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer. These results indicated that Ag nanoparticles and GQDs are anchored on the TiO2 nanorods. Absorbance of Ag/TiO2 and GQDs/Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films have been extended into the visible region. Visible‐light response of the samples were investigated by electrochemical workstation. The photoresponse of the sample can be enhanced by sensitization of the Ag nanoparticles and GQDs. The enhanced visible‐light response may be due to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles and visible absorbance of GQDs. The highest photocatalytic activity has been observed in the 9‐GQDs/Ag/TiO2 composite thin film. The efficient charge separation and transportation can be achieved by introducing the Ag nanoparticles and GQDs in the TiO2 thin film.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 7
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    Dynamic Hysteresis and Scaling Behavior of Energy Density in Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.60Sn0.40)0.95Ti0.05]O3 Antiferroelectric Bulk Ceramics (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: The evolution of dynamic hysteresis of lead zirconate titanate stannate antiferroelectric bulk ceramics at various frequencies ( f ) and field amplitudes ( E 0 ) has been investigated systematically. A series of asymmetrical minor loops were observed when the working fields were slightly lower than the forward switching field E AF . As E 0 increased above E AF , symmetrical double loops appeared and their energy densities w against f and E 0 were found to be fit the scaling behavior as w f − 0.02 ( E 0  −  E c ) 0.08 , where E c representing the threshold field is designated as E AF . The study is helpful to application of antiferroelectrics as energy-storage capacitors.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Larger Increases in More Extreme Local Precipitation Events as Climate Warms (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Climate models project that extreme precipitation events will intensify in proportion to their intensity during the 21st century at large spatial scales. The identification of the causes of this phenomenon nevertheless remains tenuous. Using a large ensemble of North American regional climate simulations, we show that the more rapid intensification of more extreme events also appears as a robust feature at finer regional scales. The larger increases in more extreme events than in less extreme events are found to be primarily due to atmospheric circulation changes. Thermodynamically induced changes have relatively uniform effects across extreme events and regions. In contrast, circulation changes weaken moderate events over western interior regions of North America and enhance them elsewhere. The weakening effect decreases and even reverses for more extreme events, whereas there is further intensification over other parts of North America, creating an “intense gets intenser” pattern over most of the continent.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Protective Action of Liraglutide in Beta Cells Under Lipotoxic Stress Via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Liraglutide, a modified form of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has been found to improve beta cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the effect of liraglutide on beta cell function under lipotoxic stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling in liraglutide-involved beta cell protection in high free fatty acids (FFAs) condition. The apoptosis, proliferation, and insulin secretion capability of MIN6 cells and islets from C57BL/6J mice were evaluated when exposed to FFAs with/without liraglutide. The expression of effectors involved in PI3K/Akt/FoxO1signalling pathway was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting in MIN6 cells and islets from C57BL/6J mice. Liraglutide substantially inhibited the lipoapoptosis and improved the proliferation and insulin secretion of beta cells in high FFAs condition. Western blot revealed that the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 was markedly decreased under lipid stress but was elevated when treated with liraglutide. Moreover, FFAs could up-regulate the expression levels of p27, Bax, Cidea but down-regulate the expression levels of Pdx-1, MafA, and NeuroD in beta cells, which was canceled by the addition of liraglutide. Moreover, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, could significantly abrogate all the protective actions of liraglutide against lipotoxicity. We concluded that liraglutide markedly improved beta cell function under lipid stress and that the protective action of liraglutide was mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt, which resulted in inactivation of FoxO1 along with the down-regulation of p27, Bax, Cidea and up-regulation of Pdx-1, MafA, and NeuroD expressions.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Dynamic Hysteresis and Scaling Behavior of Energy Density in Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.60Sn0.40)0.95Ti0.05]O3 Antiferroelectric Bulk Ceramics (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-14
    Description: The evolution of dynamic hysteresis of lead zirconate titanate stannate antiferroelectric bulk ceramics at various frequencies ( f ) and field amplitudes ( E 0 ) has been investigated systematically. A series of asymmetrical minor loops were observed when the working fields were slightly lower than the forward switching field E AF . As E 0 increased above E AF , symmetrical double loops appeared and their energy densities w against f and E 0 were found to be fit the scaling behavior as w f − 0.02 ( E 0  −  E c ) 0.08 , where E c representing the threshold field is designated as E AF . The study is helpful to application of antiferroelectrics as energy-storage capacitors.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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