Publication Date:
2012-05-03
Description:
Distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation that contains a homeobox domain. Because there are possible reciprocal relationships between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, we examined the regulatory role of Dlx5 in adipogenic differentiation in this study. Adipogenic stimuli suppressed the expression levels of Dlx5 mRNA in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Over-expression of Dlx5 inhibited adipogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytic cells whereas knock-down of Dlx5 enhanced adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Over-expression of Dlx5 suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Dlx5-mediated suppression of adipogenic differentiation was overcome by over-expression of PPARγ but not by that of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) or C/EBPα⋅ Dlx5 decreased the transcriptional activity of CREB and C/EBPα in a dose-dependent manner. Dlx5 directly bound to CREB and C/EBPα and prevented them from binding to and subsequently transactivating the PPARγ promoter. These results suggest that Dlx5 plays an important regulatory role in fate determination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells toward the osteoblast lineage through the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation as well as the direct stimulation of osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic ISSN:
1097-4652
Topics:
Biology
,
Medicine
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