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  • 1
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    Comparison of three dual-source remote sensing evapotranspiration models during the MUSOEXE-12 campaign: Revisit of model physics (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-07
    Description: Various remote sensing-based terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models have been developed during the past four decades. These models vary in conceptual and mathematical representations of the physics, consequently leading to different performances. Examination of uncertainties associated with limitations in model physics will be useful for model selection and improvement. Here, three dual-source remote sensing ET models (i.e. the Hybrid dual-source scheme and Trapezoid framework-based ET Model (HTEM), the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model and the MOD16 ET algorithm) using ASTER images were compared during the MUSOEXE-12 campaign in the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China, aiming to better understand the differences in model physics that potentially lead to differences in model performance. Model results were firstly compared against observations from a dense network of eddy covariance towers and isotope-based evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) partitioning. Results show that HTEM outperformed the other two models in simulating ET and its partitioning, whereas MOD16 performed worst (i.e. ET root-mean-square errors are 42.3 W/m 2 (HTEM), 49.8 W/m 2 (TSEB), and 95.3 W/m 2 (HTEM)). On to model limitations, HTEM tends to underestimate ET under high advection due mostly to the underestimation of temperatures for the wet edge in its trapezoidal space. For TSEB, large uncertainties occur in determining the initial Priestley-Taylor coefficient and the iteration procedure for ET partitioning, leading to overestimation/underestimation of T/E in most cases, particularly over sparse vegetation. Primary use of meteorological data for MOD16 does not effectively capture the soil moisture restriction on ET, and therefore results in unreasonable spatial ET patterns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Landscape and tectonic evolution of Bayin River watershed, northeastern Qaidam basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the role of river morphology in source analysis and low‐temperature thermochronology (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The Bayin River, the largest river in the northeastern Qaidam basin, plays an important role in the source‐to‐sink system and landscape evolution at the basin‐mountain boundary between the Qilian Mountains and the Qaidam basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we conduct field observation, topographic analysis, zircon U‐Pb dating and apatite (U‐Th)/He dating to constrain the landscape and tectonic evolution of the Bayin River watershed. Bedrock zircon U‐Pb dating indicates the age group of 420‐450 Ma for far‐source sediments and the age group of 〉1700 Ma for near‐source sediments in the Bayin River watershed. Detrital zircon U‐Pb dating results from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata in the Bayin River watershed reveal that the most important source transition occurred during the Cretaceous. The Zongwulong Mountains gradually uplifted throughout the Cenozoic, along with decreasing far‐source and increasing near‐source based on detrital zircon U‐Pb dating. Rapid uplift occurred across the Qilian Mountains during the late Cenozoic, leading to high normalized steepness indices, young apatite (U‐Th)/He ages and deep incised valleys at the basin‐mountain transition zone. The knickpoints caused by the latest headwards erosion just reach an elevation of ~3800 m on the river longitudinal profiles, indicating that the latest uplift magnitude is ~300‐400 m relative to the basin surface of the Qaidam basin. Elevation distribution and apatite (U‐Th)/He ages reveal that river incision leads to high relief in the Zongwulong Mountains and influences its tectonic evolution.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9003
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9011
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Observed upper ocean response to typhoon Megi (2010) in the northern South China Sea (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-06
    Description: Typhoon Megi passed between two subsurface moorings in the northern South China Sea in October 2010 and the upper ocean thermal and dynamical response with strong internal tides present was examined in detail. The entire observed water column (60-360 m) was cooled due to strong Ekman-pumped upwelling (up to 50 m in the thermocline) by Megi, with maximum cooling of 4.2 °C occurring in thermocline. A relatively weak (maximum amplitude of 0.4 m s -1 ) and quickly damped (e-folding timescale of 2 inertial periods) near-inertial oscillation (NIO) was observed in the mixed layer. Power spectrum and wavelet analyses both indicated an energy peak appearing at exactly the sum frequency fD1 (with maximum amplitude up to 0.2 m s -1 ) of NIO ( f ) and diurnal tide ( D1 ), indicating enhanced nonlinear wave-wave interaction between f and D1 during and after typhoon. Numerical experiments suggested that energy transfer from NIO to fD1 via nonlinear interaction between f and D1 may have limited the growth and accelerated the damping of mixed layer NIO generated by Megi. The occurrence of fD1 had a high correlation with NIO; the vertical nonlinear momentum term, associated with the vertical shear of NIO and vertical velocity of D1 or vertical shear of D1 and vertical velocity of NIO, was more than 10 times larger than the horizontal terms and was responsible for forcing fD1 . After Megi, surface-layer diurnal energy was enhanced by up to 100%, attributed to the combined effect of the increased surface-layer stratification and additional Megi-forced diurnal current.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Novel Preparation of Translucent Alumina Ceramics Induced by Doping Additives via Chemical Precipitation Method (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-01
    Description: In this article, we have reported a novel approach to fabricate translucent alumina ceramics induced by doping additives via chemical precipitation. For this approach, alumina powder was first mixed with metal nitrates and dispersed by PEG-2000 as dispersant, and then the pH value was tailored by introducing the NH 3 ∙H 2 O into the suspension to favor the precipitation of Mg 2+ and Y 3+ onto the Al 2 O 3 matrix. It is found that the dopants are smaller and more homogeneously dispersed via chemical precipitation in the translucent alumina sample as compared with conventional ball milling. Furthermore, it is believed that the approach of chemical precipitation followed by H 2 sintering at high temperature within short sintering time could make a good balance between the real in-line transmission and the cost.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Influence of Ca/Al Ratio on Properties of Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Cu–Al–Ca–O Thin Films (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: This article reports the characterization of thin films sputtered from CuAl 1− x Ca x O targets ( x  =   0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) at room temperature. All films exhibit amorphous/nanocrystalline structures. Their transparency increases slightly with the addition of Ca . Furthermore, the resistivity decreases as the Ca / Al atomic ratio increases. Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping indicates that the composition is uniform throughout the films deposited from the highest Ca doping concentration target. Some nanocrystals are present at the top surface of the CuAl 0.8 Ca 0.2 O thin film as well as the interface region between the CuAl 0.8 Ca 0.2 O thin film and the glass substrate, whereas the interior of the film is pretty amorphous with some embedded nanocrystals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the Cu 2+ / Cu + atomic ratio increases with the Ca / Al atomic ratio, indicating the enhancement of p -type conductivity from the nonisovalent Cu – O alloying.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Seasonal variation and biogeochemical cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-23
    Description: The concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and chlorophyll a (Chl- a ) as well as the size distribution of particulate DMSP (DMSPp) were determined in the Yellow Sea (YS) and Bohai Sea (BS) during two cruises from 1 to 20 November, 2012 and from 21 June to 11 July, 2013. Besides, the biological production and consumption rates of DMS and the degradation rates of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) were also measured. The concentrations of DMS and DMSP showed a significant seasonal variation with higher values in summer, which corresponded well with the seasonal change of Chl- a in the study area. Both DMS and DMSPp concentrations were significantly correlated with Chl- a levels, implying that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distributions of DMS and DMSP in the study area. The size-fractionation research showed that nanophytoplankton (5-20 µm) contributed to most of Chl- a and DMSPp in autumn and summer. The average biological production and consumption rates of DMS during summer were 13.35 and 9.80 nmol L -1 d -1 , respectively, which were much higher than those during autumn. The degradation rates of DMSPd during summer ranged from 7.10 to 21.70 nmol L -1 d -1 , with an average of 14.71 nmol L -1 d -1 , which was nearly equal to the average biological production rate (13.35 nmol L -1 d -1 ) of DMS. The average sea-to-air flux of DMS in the YS and BS were 12.06 and 20.81 µmol m -2 d -1 in autumn and in summer, respectively, which were much higher than the values reported in the ocean. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Effect of Powder Calcination Temperature and Ceramic Post-Treatment on the Optical Properties of Nd:YAG Ceramics (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-13
    Description: Using the raw powders synthesized via a modified coprecipitation method with the ethanol–water precipitant solvent and combined with various powder calcination temperatures, the ceramics were fabricated by dry pressing, vacuum sintering, and air annealing. The results showed that higher powder calcination temperature could promote powder crystallinity and green-compact density, and the corresponding ceramic transmittance increased. Meanwhile, more micrometer-sized pores emerged in final ceramic. Fortunately, these large-sized pores did not cut the ceramic transmittance sharply. To eliminate these pores, all ceramics were post-treated with hot isostatic pressing and re-annealing. All post-treated ceramics showed increasing transmittances.
    Print ISSN: 1546-542X
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-7402
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Simultaneous control of particle size and morphology of α‐CaSO4·1/2H2O with organic additives (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Abstract Here we reported a method to simultaneously control the particle size and morphology of α‐CaSO4·1/2H2O (α‐HH) prepared from flue gas desulfurization gypsum by adjusting the succinic acid concentration and glycerol content under mild conditions. Succinic acid controlled the crystal morphology by adsorption onto α‐HH surfaces, and glycerol controlled the crystal particle size, in which an increase in the maximal relative supersaturation (Smax) and nucleation rate of α‐HH was hypothesized to cause the change in α‐HH particle size. Then, based on the method, α‐HH with different particle sizes but with almost the same morphology was prepared, and the influence of the crystal particle size on the mechanical strength of the α‐HH pastes was explored. With decreasing α‐HH particle size from about 26 to 5 μm, the dry compressive strength of the pastes made from the α‐HH decreased remarkably from 68.02 to 34.85 MPa, which was ascribed to an increase in the internal porosity of the pastes.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
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    The Catalytic Subunit of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Associates with PLK1 and is Involved in Proper Chromosome Segregation and Regulation of the Cytokinesis (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-27
    Description: Accurate mitotic regulation is as important as intrinsic DNA repair for maintaining genomic stability. It is believed that these two cellular mechanisms are interconnected with DNA damage. DNA-PKcs is a critical component of the non-homologous end-joining pathway of DNA double-stranded break repair, and it was recently discovered to be involved in mitotic processing. However, the underlying mechanism of DNA-PKcs action in mitotic control is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that depletion of DNA-PKcs led to the dysregulation of mitotic progression in response to DNA damage, which eventually resulted in multiple failures, including failure to segregate sister chromatids and failure to complete cytokinesis, with daughter cells becoming fused again. The depletion of DNA-PKcs resulted in a notable failure of cytokinesis, with a high incidence of multinucleated cells. There were also cytoplasmic bridges containing DNA that continuously connected the daughter cells after DNA damage was induced. Phosphorylated DNA-PKcs (T2609) colocalizes with PLK1 throughout mitosis, including at the centrosomes from prophase to anaphase and at the kinetochores from prometaphase to metaphase, with accumulation at the midbody during cytokinesis. Importantly, DNA-PKcs was found to associate with PLK1 in the mitotic phase, and the depletion of DNA-PKcs resulted in the overexpression of PLK1 due to increased protein stability. However, deficiency in DNA-PKcs attenuated the recruitment of phosphorylated PLK1 to the midbody but not to the kinetochores and centrosomes. Our results demonstrate the functional association of DNA-PKcs with PLK1, especially in chromosomal segregation and cytokinesis control. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 10
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    Influence of Ca/Al Ratio on Properties of Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Cu-Al-Ca-O Thin Films (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-26
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Ceramic Society.
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