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  • Articles  (34)
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  • Wiley  (34)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • 1
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    Edaphic Controls on Sedge Invasion in a Tropical Wetland Assessed with Electromagnetic Induction (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Heavy rainfall patterns in Vietnam and their relation with ENSO cycles (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: ABSTRACT Heavy rainfall months of more than 450 mm occur in all 56 meteorological stations in eight climatic zones of Vietnam during the rainy season from April to September in the north (〉20°N), from August to December in the centre and from May to November in the south (〈12°N). The severity of an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episode, expressed as the integral of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the central tropical Pacific over the duration, shows a 4.6-fold (2.3-fold) increase in number of heavy rainfall months during La Niña (El Niño) per unit change in severity during the 1960–2009 period, suggesting a twin peak occurrence with both ENSO extremes. A heavy rainfall index (HRI) links heavy rainfall months to the rainy season duration, and allows evaluation of the rainfall severity per station, climatic zone and ENSO cycle. For the deltas and central climatic zones, seasonal rainfall and number of heavy rainfall months are significantly higher at the p  〈 0.05 level during La Niña than during El Niño episodes. Interpolated seasonal rainfall shows distinct differences between regions, with location having a larger effect than ENSO cycles on monthly rainfall amounts. Twenty-year return monthly rainfall derived from generalized Pareto distributions for peak over thresholds range from 475 mm in the central highlands to 2185 mm in the central coast. The spatial and temporal patterns of heavy monthly rainfall help explain flooding and paddy inundation which occur at least twice as frequent during La Niña as compared to El Niño conditions, particularly in Central Vietnam. The relation of HRI with both 20-year return levels and ENSO cycles offers opportunities for fast screening of impacts in a wider region of Southeast Asia. Because ENSO cycles have an impact on flooding and paddy inundation, it provides prospects for early warning, differentiated for different zones and rainfall regimes.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Ecological change alters the evolutionary response to harvest in a freshwater fish (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Abstract Harvesting can induce rapid evolution in animal populations, yet the role of ecological change in buffering or enhancing that response is poorly understood. Here, we developed an eco‐genetic model to examine how ecological changes brought about by two notorious invasive species, zebra and quagga mussels, influence harvest‐induced evolution and resilience in a freshwater fish. Our study focused on lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where the species supports valuable commercial and subsistence fisheries, and where the invasion of dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels caused drastic shifts in ecosystem productivity. Using our model system, we predicted faster rates of evolution of maturation reaction norms in lake whitefish under pre‐invasion ecosystem conditions when growth and recruitment of young to the population were high. Slower growth rates that occurred under post‐invasion conditions delayed when fish became vulnerable to the fishery, thus decreasing selection pressure and lessening the evolutionary response to harvest. Fishing with gill nets and traps nets generally selected for early maturation at small sizes, except when fishing at low levels with small mesh gill nets under pre‐invasion conditions; in this latter case, evolution of delayed maturation was predicted. Overall, the invasion of dreissenid mussels lessened the evolutionary response to harvest, while also reducing the productivity and commercial yield potential of the stock. These results demonstrate how ecological conditions shape evolutionary outcomes and how invasive species can have a direct effect on evolutionary responses to harvest and sustainability.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 4
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    Heritability of symbiont density reveals distinct regulatory mechanisms in a tripartite symbiosis (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Beneficial eukaryotic–bacterial partnerships are integral to animal and plant evolution. Understanding the density regulation mechanisms behind bacterial symbiosis is essential to elucidating the functional balance between hosts and symbionts. Citrus mealybugs, Planococcus citri (Risso), present an excellent model system for investigating the mechanisms of symbiont density regulation. They contain two obligate nutritional symbionts, Moranella endobia , which resides inside Tremblaya princeps , which has been maternally transmitted for 100–200 million years. We investigate whether host genotype may influence symbiont density by crossing mealybugs from two inbred laboratory-reared populations that differ substantially in their symbiont density to create hybrids. The density of the M. endobia symbiont in the hybrid hosts matched that of the maternal parent population, in keeping with density being determined either by the symbiont or the maternal genotype. However, the density of the T. princeps symbiont was influenced by the paternal host genotype. The greater dependency of T. princeps on its host may be due to its highly reduced genome. The decoupling of T. princeps and M. endobia densities, in spite of their intimate association, suggests that distinct regulatory mechanisms can be at work in symbiotic partnerships, even when they are obligate and mutualistic. Understanding the density regulation mechanisms behind bacterial symbiosis is essential to elucidating the functional balance between hosts and symbionts. We investigate whether host or symbiont genotype may influence symbiont density by crossing hosts in a tripartite symbiosis. The two symbionts are decoupled in their density, suggesting that in spite of their intimate association, distinct regulatory mechanisms can be at work in symbiotic partnerships, even when they are obligate and mutualistic.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Atmospheric drought in Belgium – statistical analysis of precipitation deficit (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-30
    Description: ABSTRACT The principle of return periods or frequencies of natural hazards is adopted in many countries as the basis of eligibility for the compensation of associated losses. For adequate risk management and eligibility in Belgium, hazard maps for drought events with a 20-year return period are needed. The maximum precipitation deficit in the summer half-year (1 April–30 September) was taken as a good indicator for atmospheric drought severity during a particular year. Precipitation deficit is calculated as a cumulative balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration for a free open water surface, short grass, deciduous forest and coniferous forest. Precipitation deficit maxima were modelled with the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Mapping precipitation deficit return levels is based on a GEV distribution where the parameters vary smoothly in space as a function of altitude and distance to the sea. The final products are return level maps of extreme precipitation deficit, relevant for insurance companies providing cover for the forestry and agriculture sector.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    MicroRNA hsa-let-7b suppresses the odonto/osteogenic differentiation capacity of stem cells from apical papilla by targeting MMP1 (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018-02-01
    Description: Objectives: MicroRNA let -7 family acts as the key regulator of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the influence of let -7 b on biological characteristics of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) is still controversial. Materials and methods: In this study, the expression of hsa - let -7 b was obviously downregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. SCAPs were then infected with hsa - let -7 b or hsa - let -7 b inhibitor lentiviruses. The proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. The odonto/osteogenic differentiation capacity was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, western blot assay, and real-time RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis was used to screen out the target of hsa - let -7 b and the target relationship was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Results: Hsa - let -7 b was of no influence on the proliferation of SCAPs. Interferential expression of hsa - let -7 b increased the ALP activity as well as the formation of calcified nodules of SCAPs. Moreover, the mRNA levels of osteoblastic markers ( ALP , RUNX 2, OSX , OPN , and OCN ) were upregulated while the protein levels of DSPP, ALP, RUNX2, OSX, OPN, and OCN also increased considerably. Conversely, overexpression of hsa - let -7 b inhibited the odonto/osteogenic differentiation capacity of SCAPs. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a putative binding site of hsa - let -7 b in the matrix metalloproteinase 1 ( MMP 1) 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that hsa - let -7 b targets MMP 1. The odonto/osteogenic differentiation ability of SCAPs ascended after repression of hsa - let -7 b , which was then reversed after co-transfection with si MMP 1. Conclusions: Hsa - let -7 b can suppress the odonto/osteogenic differentiation capacity of SCAPs by targeting MMP 1. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 7
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    Optimized Method for Isolating Highly Purified and Functional Porcine Aortic Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: Background Numerous protocols exist for isolating aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells from small animals. However, establishing a protocol for isolating pure cell populations from large animal vessels that are more elastic has been challenging. We developed a simple sequential enzymatic approach to isolate highly purified populations of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Methods The lumen of a porcine aorta was filled with 25 U/mL dispase solution and incubated at 37°C to dissociate the endothelial cells. The smooth muscle cells were isolated by mincing the tunica media of the treated aorta and incubating the pieces in 0.2% and then 0.1% collagenase type I solution. Results The isolated endothelial cells stained positive for von Willebrand factor, and 97.2% of them expressed CD31. Early- and late-passage endothelial cells had a population doubling time of 38 hours and maintained a capacity to take up DiI-Ac-LDL and form tubes in Matrigel®. The isolated smooth muscle cells stained highly positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, and an impurities assessment showed that only 1.8% were endothelial cells. Population doubling time for the smooth muscle cells was ∼70 hours at passages 3 and 7; and the cells positively responded to endothelin-1, as shown by a 66% increase in the intracellular calcium level. Conclusions This simple protocol allows for the isolation of highly pure populations of endothelial and smooth muscle cells from porcine aorta that can survive continued passage in culture without losing functionality or becoming overgrown by fibroblasts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
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    Modelling the impact of agricultural management on soil carbon stocks at the regional scale: the role of lateral fluxes (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: Agricultural management has received increased attention over the last decades due to its central role in carbon (C) sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation. Yet, regardless of the large body of literature on the effects of soil erosion by tillage and water on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural landscapes, the significance of soil redistribution for the overall C budget and the C sequestration potential of land management options remains poorly quantified. In this study we explore the role of lateral SOC fluxes in regional scale modelling of SOC stocks under three different agricultural management practices in central Belgium: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and reduced tillage with additional carbon input (RT+i). We assessed each management scenario twice: using a conventional approach that did not account for lateral fluxes and an alternative approach that included soil erosion induced lateral SOC fluxes. The results show that accounting for lateral fluxes increased C sequestration rates by 2.7, 2.5 and 1.5 g C m −2 yr −1 for CT, RT and RT+i, respectively, relative to the conventional approach. Soil redistribution also led to a reduction of SOC concentration in the plough layer and increased the spatial variability of SOC stocks, suggesting that C sequestration studies relying on changes in the plough layer may underestimate the soil's C sequestration potential due to the effects of soil erosion. Additionally, lateral C export from cropland was in the same of order of magnitude as C sequestration, hence the fate of C exported from cropland into other land uses is crucial to determine the ultimate impact of management and erosion on the landscape C balance. Consequently, soil management strategies targeting C sequestration will be most effective when accompanied by measures that reduce soil erosion given that erosion loss can balance potential C uptake, particularly in sloping areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
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  • 9
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    Quantifying Soil Morphology in Tropical Environments Methods and Application in Soil Classification (2000)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2000-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
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    Logistic Modeling to Spatially Predict the Probability of Soil Drainage Classes (2002)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2002-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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