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  • 1
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    Local actin nucleation tunes centrosomal microtubule nucleation during passage through mitosis (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈sec〉〈st〉Synopsis〈/st〉〈p〉〈textbox textbox-type="graphic"〉〈p〉〈inline-fig〉〈/inline-fig〉〈/p〉〈/textbox〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Centrosomes, the main interphase microtubule-organizing centers, were recently found to also nucleate actin filaments. Here, local actin nucleation is observed in anaphase, tuning centrosomal microtubule nucleation as cells passage through mitosis.〈/p〉 〈p〉 〈l type="unord"〉〈li〉〈p〉Centrosomes function as both actin- and microtubule-organizing centers during mitotic exit.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Actin transiently accumulates around centrosomes at early anaphase.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉〈i〉In vitro〈/i〉 reconstitution assays with isolated centrosomes show a burst in actin filament formation at early anaphase.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Anaphase actin filament formation depends on Arp2/3 and WASH complex activity.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉The anaphase actin burst around centrosomes is accompanied by reduction in microtubule density suggesting cross-talk between the two systems.〈/p〉〈/li〉〈/l〉 〈/p〉〈/sec〉
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 2
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    Actin filaments regulate microtubule growth at the centrosome (2019)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing centre. It also organizes a local network of actin filaments. However, the precise function of the actin network at the centrosome is not well understood. Here, we show that increasing densities of actin filaments at the centrosome of lymphocytes are correlated with reduced amounts of microtubules. Furthermore, lymphocyte activation resulted in disassembly of centrosomal actin and an increase in microtubule number. To further investigate the direct crosstalk between actin and microtubules at the centrosome, we performed 〈i〉in vitro〈/i〉 reconstitution assays based on (i) purified centrosomes and (ii) on the co-micropatterning of microtubule seeds and actin filaments. These two assays demonstrated that actin filaments constitute a physical barrier blocking elongation of nascent microtubules. Finally, we showed that cell adhesion and cell spreading lead to lower densities of centrosomal actin, thus resulting in higher microtubule growth. We therefore propose a novel mechanism, by which the number of centrosomal microtubules is regulated by cell adhesion and actin-network architecture.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 3
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    Local actin nucleation tunes centrosomal microtubule nucleation during passage through mitosis (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Cells going through mitosis undergo precisely timed changes in cell shape and organisation, which serve to ensure the fair partitioning of cellular components into the two daughter cells. These structural changes are driven by changes in actin filament and microtubule dynamics and organisation. While most evidence suggests that the two cytoskeletal systems are remodelled in parallel during mitosis, recent work in interphase cells has implicated the centrosome in both microtubule and actin nucleation, suggesting the potential for regulatory crosstalk between the two systems. Here, by using both 〈i〉in vitro〈/i〉 and 〈i〉in vivo〈/i〉 assays to study centrosomal actin nucleation as cells pass through mitosis, we show that mitotic exit is accompanied by a burst in cytoplasmic actin filament formation that depends on WASH and the Arp2/3 complex. This leads to the accumulation of actin around centrosomes as cells enter anaphase and to a corresponding reduction in the density of centrosomal microtubules. Taken together, these data suggest that the mitotic regulation of centrosomal WASH and the Arp2/3 complex controls local actin nucleation, which may function to tune the levels of centrosomal microtubules during passage through mitosis.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
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    Actin filaments regulate microtubule growth at the centrosome (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈sec〉〈st〉Synopsis〈/st〉〈p〉〈textbox textbox-type="graphic"〉〈p〉〈inline-fig〉〈/inline-fig〉〈/p〉〈/textbox〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Centrosomes, the main interphase microtubule-organizing centers of the cell, also nucleate local actin filament networks, which are now found to form a physical barrier blocking microtubule elongation.〈/p〉 〈p〉 〈l type="unord"〉〈li〉〈p〉Activation of B lymphocytes is associated with reduction of centrosomal actin and increase in the number of microtubules.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉The amount of centrosomal actin is negatively correlated to the amount of microtubules.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉〈i〉In vitro〈/i〉 reconstitutions show negative correlation between the amount of centrosomal actin and the number of microtubules.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Cell spreading proportionally affects the amount of centrosomal actin and the number of centrosomal microtubules.〈/p〉〈/li〉〈/l〉 〈/p〉〈/sec〉
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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