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  • Articles  (192)
  • Springer Nature  (148)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (44)
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  • Articles  (192)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-03-01
    Print ISSN: 1434-5161
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-232X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of new 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne homologs containing two silicon atoms [CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2CH2Si(CH3)3 and CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2CH2CH2Si(CH3)3] was investigated by use of Ta and Nb catalysts. CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2CH2Si(CH3)3 was polymerized quantitatively by TaCl5 alone to provide a polymer having molecular weight over 106. CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2CH2CH2Si(CH3)3 was polymerized in good yield by an equimolar mixture of TaCl5 with an appropriate organometallic cocatalyst such as Ph4Sn to give a polymer with molecular weight of ca. 4 X 105. Nb catalysts were less active toward these monomers than the corresponding Ta catalysts. These two kinds of polymers had alternating double bonds along the main chain according to IR and 13C-NMR spectra. Both polymers were white solids completely soluble in low-polarity solvents like toluene, and solution casting afforded uniform, tough films. These polymers were thermally fairly stable, and their softening points were above 350°C. Films of these polymers showed smaller oxygen permeability coefficients [Po2 = 4 × 10-9 - 8 × 10-9 cm3(STP) · cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)] but larger separation factors [(Po2/Po2) = 3.4 - 3.6] than a poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] film.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1353-1362 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of homologues of 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne [CH3C≡CSi(CH3)3] was studied. CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2(n-C6H13) (I) polymerized with 1 : 1 mixtures of TaCl5 and organometallic cocatalysts (e.g., Ph4Sn and Ph3Bi) to produce in good yields a polymer having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) over 1 × 106. CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2 Ph (II) and CH3C≡CSi(C2H5)3 (III) formed polymers having Mw's of ∼ 5 × 105 in moderate yields in the presence of TaCl5-based catalysts. In contrast, none of CH3C≡CSi(CH3)2(i-C3H7), CH3C—CSi(CH3)2(t,-C4H9), C2H5C≡CSi(CH3)3, and n,-C4H9C≡CSi(CH3)3 polymerized, which is attributed to the steric effect of the monomers. Some other 1-silyl-1-propynes also failed to polymerize. The three new polymers formed from (I)-(III) had the structure \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\rlap{--} [{\rm CCH}_{\rm 3} \hbox{=\hskip-2pt=} {\rm C(SiRR'R''}\rlap{--} ]_n$\end{document} according to IR and 13C-NMR spectra. They were white solids, soluble in low-polarity solvents (e.g., toluene and chloroform) and stable enough in air at room temperature.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 681-690 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymers with both pendant spiro ortho ester and carboxylic acid moieties were synthesized by partial esterification of poly(methacrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate), or poly(methacrylic acid-co-styrene) with halomethylated spiro ortho esters in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undecene-7 in dimethyl sulfoxide. The extent of esterification increased with increasing reaction temperature. The reaction of polymeric carboxylic acids with chloromethylated spiro ortho esters proceeded to 80% of conversion at 100°C for 120 h. In contrast, the degree of esterification with bromomethylated spiro ortho ester reached 80% at 60°C within 24 h. Thermo-crosslinking of polymers having pendant spiro ortho ester moiety and carboxylic acid could be effected in films. The rate of spiro ortho ester ring-opening increased with increasing reaction temperature and with increasing content of carboxylic acid groups in the polymer. Further, the rates of gel production were also measured. The polymer containing an equimolar mixture of spiro ortho ester moieties and carboxylic acids exhibited the highest reactivity. In addition, it was found that thermal crosslinking reaction of the polymer occurred with minimum volume shrinkage.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evaluation of positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry for structural investigations have been studied on 30 cardiac glycosides in comparison with their field desorption (FD) mass spectra. FD mass spectra showed the prominent molecular cluster ions and the same protonation induced fragments as that established for steroid oligoglycosides. Even if the molecular cluster ions of some di- and triglycosides were hardly detected in the positive ion FAB mass spectra owing to their low intensities, a dramatic improvement was observed when sodium chloride or potassium iodide was added to the glycerol matrix. Furthermore, the prominent molecular ion species, [M - H]-, and the sequence of glycosidic linkage were easily detected in the negative mode. The combination of positive and negative ion FAB mass spectrometry of the cardenolide-type cardiac glycosides provides useful information concerning the molecular weight as well as the structures of both aglycone and sugar moieties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 222 (1994), S. 269-286 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: PC12 cells show a classical volume regulatory process when submitted to hypo-osmotic conditions. The present study examined the effects of such osmotic shock on the structural organization of different cytoskeletal elements. Results were obtained by use of different light and electron microscopy techniques combined with immunostaining methods. It appeared that the osmotically induced changes in cell volume were concomitant with important modifications in the organization of the microfilament network. Microfilaments concentrated in the perinuclear area, leaving only radial extensions of poorly organized structures in the cytoplasm. The latter were the only actin structures immunologically stained in the cytoplasm and seemed to anchor to the plasma membrane. Measurements of the fluorescence intensity of PC12 cells treated with FITC-labeled phalloidin indicated a progressive depolymerization, followed by a repolymerization of F-actin. This occurs in parallel with microfilament reorganization and volume regulatory processes. The appearance of microfilament reorganization was a function of both the incubation period and the amplitude of the osmolarity changes. During the first minutes of osmotic shock, a decrease was observed in the density and length of microvilli, which normally cover the PC12 cell surfaces, suggesting an early reorganization of the underlying microfilament network. Microtubules and intermediate filament networks were not affected by the hypo-osmotic conditions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Sphingolipids ; Ceramides ; Starfish ; Acanthaster planci ; FABMS/MS ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new phytosphingosine-type ceramides, AC-1-6, AC-1-10 and AC-1-11, were isolated from the ceramide molecular species AC-1, obtained from the less polar fraction of the CHCl3-MeOH extract of the starfish Acanthaster planci. The structures of these ceramides were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence as (2S,2′R,3S,4R,9Z)-2-(2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino)-9-docosene-1,3,4-triol (AC-1-6), (2S,2′R,3S,4R,)-2-(2-hydroxytricosanoylamino)hexadecane-1,3,4-triol (AC-1-10) and (2S,2′R,3S,4R,)-2(2-hydroxytetracosanoylamino)hexadecane-1,3,4-triol (AC-1-11). Positive ion FABMS/MS of each ceramide gave important information for their structure elucidation. Mass spectrometry of the dimethyl disulfide derivatives of ceramide was also useful for the determination of the double bond position in the long-chain base.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Glycosphingolipids ; Gangliosides ; Sea cucumber ; Holothuria pervicax ; Neuritogenic activity ; Natural products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three ganglioside molecular species, HPG-8, HPG-3, and HPG-1, have been obtained from the polar fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Holothuriapervicax. The structures of these gangliosides have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. They represent new ganglioside molecular species. HPG-8 is a sulfated monosialo-ganglioside, while HPG-3 and HPG-1 are disialo-gangliosides possessing 2→4-linked tandem-type disialosyl moieties. These three gangliosides qualitative neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 765-769 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Glycosphingolipids ; Ganglioside ; GM3 ; Starfish ; Luidia maculata ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -A ganglioside molecular species, LMG-2 (1), has been obtained from the water-soluble lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the starfish Luidia maculata. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic findings, the structure of 1 has been elucidated. 1 is a ganglioside molecular species of starfish resembling the mammalian ganglioside GM3. In addition, 1 shows neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12 cell.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Glycosphinogolipids ; Cerebrosides ; Gangliosides ; Sea cucumber ; Cucumaria echinata ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five cerebrosides, CE-1-1, CE-1-2, CE-1-3, CE-3-1, and CE-3-2, and a ganglioside molecular species CG-1 have been obtained from the less polar and polar fractions, respectively, of the chloroform/methanol extract of the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. The structures of these glycosphingolipids have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The cerebrosides show lethality toward brine shrimps. On the other hand, the ganglioside CG-1 exhibits neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cells.
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