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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene test pieces broken by flexure in the presence of n-propanol and other alcohols have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two regions on the fracture surface are observed; a narrow band near to the tension surface corresponds to fracture through a solvent craze, but the remainder of the surface is identical to fracture surfaces produced in air. The solvent-crazed region has a cellular structure decreasing in scale toward the tip of the craze. An explanation of these features is offered in terms of the changing conditions of stress and solvent content ahead of the growing craze.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 857-865 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene has been fractured in tension at two temperatures in n-heptane and n-propanol and the fracture surfaces studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The test temperatures were selected such as to be approximately 20°C above and below the temperatures at which it was expected1 that a glass-to-rubber transition would occur in the solvent-penetrated craze material. It was found that features of the fracture process and also structure of the fracture surfaces were different at the two temperatures. These changes have been interpreted in terms of a Tg occurring in the craze material.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2211-2218 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Suspension and bulk-polymerized commercial polystyrenes have been fractured by cleavage and the resulting surfaces examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The method of styrene polymerization was found to influence the initiation and propagation of fracture, probably owing to the differing amounts of insoluble impurities remaining in the polymer. Various new aspects of the fracture morphology are described, and measurements of craze thickness by scanning electron microscopy are compared with values calculated from optical interference fringes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 43 (1992), S. 483-491 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and wear behaviour of materials for chemical engineeringIt has been estimated that 7.4 percent of all corrosion related failures are mechanically assisted (i.e. involve wear), and that such failure consume, or render useless, 37 million pounds of highly alloyed materials per year. Despite this, relatively little is known of the basic wear behaviour of alloys commonly used in the chemical processing industries, and little attention has been paid to the design of alloys for conditions involving simultaneous corrosion and wear.The objectives of this paper are three-fold. First, the various types of wear are described, and the alloy characteristics required to combat each of these types are discussed. Second, new wear data are presented for several alloys commonly used in the chemical processing industries. Third, a comparison is drawn between these well established materials and a newly introduced cobalt-based alloy designed specifically for corrosion/wear service.The conclusions of the paper are that hardness is a poor indicator of performance for most of wear, that the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys are considerably more resistant to cavitation erosion and galling than the austenitic and duplex stainless steels, and that the cobald-based alloy possesses exceptional resistance to slurry erosion, cavitation erosion, and galling.
    Notes: Aufgrund von Schadensstatistiken sind etwa 7,4% aller korrosionsbedingten Schadensfälle auf die Mitwirkung mechanischer Faktoren, z.B. Verschleiß, zurückzuführen, und derartige Schäden vernichten z.B. in den USA jährlich Werte entsprechend 16 800 t hochlegierter Werkstoffe.Trotzdem ist über der Verschleißverhalten der in großen Mengen in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik eingesetzten Werkstoffe verhältnismäßig wenig Grundsätzliches bekannt; gleichermaßen hat man der Entwicklung neuer, sowohl korrosions- als auch verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff bisher kaum Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt (eine Ausnahme ist die Rauchgasentschwefelung).Die vorliegende Arbeit hat drei Ziele: zunächst sollen die verschiedenen Verschleißarten beschrieben und die Eigenschaften erörtert werden, die einen Werkstoff gegen bestimmte Verschleißarten beständig machen. Danach werden für einige Werkstoffe der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik neue Verschleißdaten aufgeführt. Schließlich werden diese gängigen Werkstoffe mit einer neuen Kobaltbasislegierung verglichen, die gezielt für den Einsatz unter kombinierter Korrosions- und Verschleißbeanspruchung entwickelt worden ist. Die aus den vorgelegten Daten zu ziehenden Schlußfolgerungen zeigen,- daß die Härte ein den meisten Verschleißarten wenig geeignetes Kriterium für den Verschleißwiderstand ist,- daß Nickel-Chrom-Molybdän-Legierungen gegen Kavitationserosion und Haftverschleiß wesentlich beständiger als austenitische Stähle und Duplexstähle sind und- daß eine neue Kobaltlegierung gegen Erosion durch Suspensionen, gegen Kavitationserosion und gegen Gleitverschleiß hervorragend beständig ist.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1195-1198 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: free volume in glassy poly(arylene ether ketones)s ; glassy polymers, free volume in ; poly(arylene ether ketone)s, free volume in ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Amorphous polyarylene ether ketones were examined in the glassy state by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and in the melt by standard rheological techniques. Specimens were well-characterized fractions of two isomeric structures. PALS clearly shows that the polymer with meta linkages in its backbone contains larger voids (〉 0.25 nm radius). Thus despite their similar bulk densities, the two materials must pack very differently on a local scale. On the other hand, the free volumes inferred from the WLF treatment of melt viscosity data are practically identical in both materials ca. 4% at Tg. The comparison between techniques sheds some light on the distribution of free volume. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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