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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation production of keratinase from Bacillus licheniformisPWD-1 and a recombinant B. subtilis FDB-29 (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 608-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: keratinase production; fermentation; Bacillus; recombinant strain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1, the parent strain, and B. subtilis FDB-29, a recombinant strain. In both strains, keratinase was induced by proteinaceous media, and repressed by carbohydrates. A seed culture of B. licheniformis PWD-1 at early age, 6–10 h, is crucial to keratinase production during fermentation, but B. subtilis FDB-29 is insensitive to the seed culture age. During the batch fermentation by both strains, the pH changed from 7.0 to 8.5 while the keratinase activity and productivity stayed at high levels. Control of pH, therefore, is not necessary. The temperature for maximum keratinase production is 37°C for both strains, though B. licheniformis is thermophilic and grows best at 50°C. Optimal levels of dissolved oxygen are 10% and 20% for B. licheniformis and B. subtilis respectively. A scale-up procedure using constant temperature at 37°C was adopted for B. subtilis. On the other hand, a temperature-shift procedure by which an 8-h fermentation at 50°C for growth followed by a shift to 37°C for enzyme production was used for B. licheniformis to shorten the fermentation time and increase enzyme productivity. Production of keratinase by B. licheniformis increased by ten-fold following this new procedure. After respective optimization of fermentation conditions, keratinase production by B. licheniformis PWD-1 is approximately 40% higher than that by B. subtilis FDB-29.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900667
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a human cervical carcinoma-associated antigen by lectin binding and immuno-electron microscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 97 (1992), S. 453-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The specific binding and nature of the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody (Mab) 1H10, which binds an antigen expressed on human cervical tumors, was characterized by enzyme digestion, lectin competition assay and immuno-electron microscopy. Membrane homogenates of CaSki cervical carcinoma cells were digested with various enzymes, then analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with various enzymes and in situ binding of Mab 1H10 to cells was analysed by electron microscopy. The ability of lectin-conjugates to block Mab 1H10 binding to CaSki cells was also examined. Treatment of samples with sodium periodate abrogated antigen recognition by Mab 1H10. Neuraminidase and hyaluronidase digestion decreased but did not eliminate Mab 1H10 binding to cells in situ. Chondroitinase ABC digestion, in contrast, removed Mab 1H10 binding sites both in vitro and in situ. Trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion of cell membrane homogenates decreased the molecular weight of the Mab 1H10 antigen but did not decrease the binding intensity. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) strongly bound to CaSki cells and partially blocked Mab 1H10 binding, indicating that the antigen contains N-acetyl-galactosamine residues at or near the epitope recognized by Mab 1H10. Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) exhibited a similar binding pattern to WGA. However, concanavalin A bound only weakly to CaSki cells and was ineffective at blocking Mab 1H10 binding. The tumor-associated antigen recognized by Mab 1H10 is concluded to be a chondroitin sulphate glycoprotein or proteoglycan rather than a mucopolysaccharide or lipoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316064
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of turbulent intensity in a gravel-bed flume (1991)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 11 (1991), S. 201-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed measurements have been taken for the longitudinal turbulent intensities of flow in a gravel-bed flume. The experimental results indicate that the distribution of turbulent intensity greatly depends on the relative roughness. In comparison with the smooth-bed results, the roughness makes the flow turbulence become well-distributed, especially in the region near the bed and in the case of smaller H/K s values. In addition, the cross sectional average of turbulent intensity is also discussed in this paper, and the results show that the roughness makes flow turbulence much more intense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitation and improvement of PIV (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 15 (1993), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The deformation of particle image patterns by strong velocity gradients and out-of-pattern motions is a major source of error for the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. This deformation is investigated and its effect on conventional PIV techniques is quantified for 2D flows. Simulations and comparisons with independent experiments verify the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitation and improvement of PIV (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 15 (1993), S. 263-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this second part of the paper, the Particle Image Distortion (PID) technique is described. It is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional PIV due to the local deformations ∂u/∂x, ∂u/∂y, ∂v/∂x and ∂v/∂y in two-dimensional flows. Both simulation and experiment demonstrate that high accuracy and high spatial resolution are possible with this technique. The large time required to compute the cross-correlations, however, limits its wide applications at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internalization of CD4 molecules in human T-cells demonstrated by immuno-electron microscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 97 (1992), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Internalization of CD4 molecules on human CD4-enriched T-cells was demonstrated by immunocytochemical electron microscopy. CD4+ T-cell subclones were obtained from normal human peripheral blood, followed by one-way MLC screening and co-culturing with IL-2. Fixed and non-fixed T-cell samples were indirectly immunolabeled with mouse anti-human CD4 monoclonal antibody and goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated with peroxidase. Unfixed T-cells were immunolabeled at 4° C and then re-incubated for 5–45 min at 37° C. The selected CD4+ T-cell subclones showed strong CD4 binding on the cell surface after IL-2 incubation. However, fresh T-cells, monocytes, bone marrow cells and CD8+ T-cells all stained negative for CD4. The distribution of CD4 molecules on the fixed cell surface showed a homogeneous pattern. Capping and internalization of CD4-antibody-peroxidase complexes from the cell surfaces were observed follow a pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis in unfixed T cells. Endocytotic vesicles, vacuoles of diverse sizes and shapes near the cell membrane or deep in the cell center were found to contain CD4 molecules. Negatively stained Golgi saccules were observed up to 45 min after re-incubation. These results suggest that increased CD4 molecules can be induced on the surface of normal human T-cells in vitro. Internalization and accumulation of CD4 molecules occurred in CD4-enriched T-cells with IL-2 pretreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271281
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical localization of lectin labeled vesicles in GERL region of hepatoma ascites cells (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 62 (1979), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fate of lectin labeled internalized plasma membrane in the ascites tumor form of the Chang rat hepatoma growing under in vivo and in vitro conditions was investigated cytochemically. Ascites cells were incubated in Concanavalin A (Con A) and horseradish peroxidase (PO), either with or without prior glutaraldehyde fixation and subsequently treated with 3′,3-diaminobenzidine. In cells fixed before Con-A-PO labeling the reaction product was localized as a continuous and even layer upon the external surface of the plasma membrane. If unfixed cells were treated with Con A, coupled with PO at 4°C and reinbated in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C for varying periods of time, the Con-A-PO layer was of irregular thickness. In as little as 15 min of reincubation endocytotic vesicles containing PO positive material were closely associated with GERL components of the Golgi Apparatus. Localization of acid phosphatase (ACPase) within GERL vesicles, similar in size and location to those containing Con-A-PO reaction product, indicates that the Con-A-PO labeled vesicles may be a component of the Golgi apparatus in hepatoma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508357
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the binding of growth-related polypeptide hormones on chick embryonic tissues (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of endogenous growth-related polypeptide hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), somatomadin-C/insulin-like growth factor-1 (SM-C/IGF-1), prolactin (PRL) and Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) on chick embryonic tissues have been detected by electron microscopic (EM) immunocytochemistry. Antiserum against GH, anti-SM-C/IGF-1, anti-PRL and anti-MIS were used respectively as primary antibodies for immunolabeling probes by peroxidase (PO) and avidin-biotin complex (ABC)-gold ligands. Cross-reaction studies by ELISA showed negative or weak antigen-antibody interactions. Chick embryos, gonads, and Mullerian ducts (Mds) of various ages were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 30 min. Washes in phosphate buffer were administered between each of the following incubations: (i) 2% BSA; (ii) primary antibody; (iii) biotinylated or PO-conjugated secondary antibody; (iv) avidin conjugated with gold particles. SM-C/IGF-1 bindings were negative on 1d embryonic disc, heavily stained on 2d endoderm. However, the GH bindings were found on the embryonic layers of 1d and 2d embryos, and increasing on the luminal epithelial cells of Mds during development. PRL was found in parallel with GH, but in less amount. The 10d Mds were double labeled with anti-SM-C/IGF-1-gold and anti-MIS-PO (MIS-PO), and the results showed SM-C/IGF-I negative, but MIS-PO positive bindings. This study provides the first immunocytochemical evidences for: (i) The presence of GH, SM-C/IGF-1, PRL and MIS bindings on chick embryonic tissues, and further supports their potential role as growth mediators during embryonic development. (ii) The amount of GH and MIS bindings were found correspondingly to their physiological status of Md growth or regression. (iii) MIS is secreted by the embryonic gonads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315966
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin bindings and diethylstilbestrol effects on the recognition of mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) on chick mullerian ducts by MIS-antiserum (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1990), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high intensity of lectin bindings was demonstrated on the epithelial cells and serosa cells of the regressing right Mullerian ducts (Mds) in the female chick embryos. The strong lectin bindings occurs on, or in the regressing Md cells along with marked surface MIS bindings at the age of day 13. However, at the age of days 5–7 1/2, bindings of lectins were weak. Neither Wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) or Concanavalin A (Con-A) labelings before MIS-antiserum (MIS-Ab) incubation can block antibody recognitions to the antigens, including MIS and growth hormone at the age of day 13. Our previous studies indicated that after WGA labeling on the surfaces of Md epithelial cells prior to the incubation of MIS-Ab at day 10 did not prevent the recognition of MIS-Ab (Wang 1989). On the contrary, at day 7 1/2, the specific binding of MIS was eliminated after preincubations with lectins and prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment at the age of day 5. It is suggested that DES provides a protection to the Mds from MIS-induced regression by preventing the MIS binding to its specific membrane receptors. An increase of extra- and intracellular glycoproteins or carbohydrates of regressing Md epithelial cells were suggested. Internalization of WGA but not MIS molecules was found in Md epithelial cells. The Golgi saccules were negative of lectin bindings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737228
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the three-dimensional stress field around a circular hole in a plate of arbitrary thickness (1990)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 6 (1990), S. 379-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical solution for the three-dimensional stress field in a plate of an arbitrary thickness, 2h, and weakened by a cylindrical hole of radius a is presented. Far away from the hole, the plate is subjected to a uniform tensile load, σ0, in a direction parallel to the plane of the plate. The solution is shown to be derivable from a general 3D solution, which the first author constructed in a previous paper. The analysis shows the stress concentration factor to vary across the thickness and to be sensitive to the value of the radius to thickness ratio, a/h. Furthermore, it is shown that for ratios of (a/h)≧4, the results predicted by plane stress theory are more than adequate for engineering applications. Finally, the transition between plane stress and plane strain appears to occur at a/h=0.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350419
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