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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial intelligence and legal discourse: The Flexlaw legal text management system (1995)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 3 (1995), S. 55-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: knowledge representation ; natural language ; thesaurus ; vector space ; text retrieval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877695
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial saturation of rat liver Cd-binding proteins by Cd2+ in vivo (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 6 (1977), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver Cd-binding proteins (Cd-BP) were isolated from rats chronically treated with109Cd-labeled CdCl2 for ten days. Fractions purified using Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sephadex were characterized and found to be similar to those isolated by other investigators. Cd-binding was not saturated in any of the preparations and significant amounts of Cu and Zn were also found bound to the proteins. The percentage of saturation for Cd-BP1, and Cd-BP2 was independently determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and spectroscopy at 254 nm. These results indicate that the fraction of binding sites unoccupied by Cd on Cd-BP approaches 20%in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02097760
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth profiles of plankton, particulate organic matter and microbial activity in the eastern Canadian Arctic during summer (1987)
    Springer
    Polar biology 7 (1987), S. 207-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Deep profiles of particulate organic matter, microplankton (phytoplankton and bacteria), zooplankton and their metabolic activities were investigated during two summer voyages to the eastern Canadian Arctic. Magnitudes and depth distributions were similar in many respects to observations from temperate and tropical waters. Strong gradients in most properties were observed in the upper 50–100 m and subsurface maxima were generally associated with the upper mixed-layer (〉50 m). In addition to the general vertical decreases in plankton biomass and metabolic activity there was evidence for both rapid transport (sinking) of organic matter and for enhanced (above background) levels of microbial metabolic activity in deep waters (〉500 m). Zooplankton depth distributions differed from the pattern generally observed at lower latitudes; in the Arctic, zooplankton abundance decreased to a lesser degree with depth than particulate organics and microplankton. The overwintering behavior of high-latitude zooplankton appeared to be the best explanation for their relatively high abundance at depth. Despite this, however, zooplankton apparently contributed little to the total column community metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287417
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of tracer doses of cadmium in the normal rat (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 3 (1975), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and excretion of a single tracer dose of cadmium-109 given intravenously to rats were studied in a 60-day time course experiment. The organs that accumulated the most cadmium were the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Initial high plasma levels decreased rapidly, and most of the cadmium that remained in the blood after 24 hr was found in the red cells. In most organs and tissues a level was reached within 24 hr at which the cadmium concentration remained relatively stable. Kidney was a marked exception because the amount of cadmium found in that organ increased progressively. Excretion of cadmium was found to be predominantlyvia the feces. Twenty-five to 28% of the dose was excreted by that route in 60 days, the most rapid phase occurring during the first three days. Less than 0.15% of the dose was excretedvia the urine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220743
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA sequence analysis of the KM19 locus linked to cystic fibrosis (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 85 (1990), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The PstI polymorphism detected by probe KM19 is a highly informative marker in linkage disequilibrium with the cystic fibrosis locus and has been used extensively for prenatal diagnosis. The currently available primers used for polymerase chain reaction- (PCR-) based analysis of this locus have been shown to produce spurious amplification products. In this report, we describe the sequence of the KM19 locus and the major contaminating PCR product. We have used this information to design a more specific amplification procedure for analysis of the KM19 locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206754
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the potential-sensitive extrinsic probe oxonol VI in beef heart submitochondrial particles (1979)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 46 (1979), S. 255-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The interaction of the potential-sensitive extrinsic probe oxonol VI with beef heart submitochondrial particles has been investigated under time resolved and equilibrium conditions. The time course of the probe absorption spectrum red shift induced by ATP or NADH injection into a suspension of submitochondrial particles in a dye solution is biphasic, consisting of a faster process described by a second-order rate law withk 2∼3×105 m −1 sec−1. For the ATP pulse experiments, the slower process follows first-order kinetics withk 1∼0.3 sec−1. In oxygen pulse experiments to an anaerobic dyeparticle system, the slower process is not significantly developed due to rapid depletion of the oxygen, but the faster process follows second-order kinetics with the same rate constant as for the ATP and NADH cases. Evidence for permeation of the submitochondrial particle membrane by oxonol VI has been obtained; the slower process is interpretable as describing the permeation of the membrane bilayer. The results of the time-resolved work are consistent with a mechanism involving a redistribution of the dye from the bulk phase to the particle membrane. The value of the second-order rate constant for passive binding of the dye to submitochondrial particles is not compatible with a mechanism proposed to explain the microsecond probe response times in bilayer and excitable membrane experiments nor are such rapid signals observed in the oxonol VI-submitochondrial particle system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868767
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The behavior of the fluorescence lifetime and polarization of oxonol potential-sensitive extrinsic probes in solution and in beef heart submitochondrial particles (1981)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 60 (1981), S. 173-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Biomembranes ; bioenergetics ; mitochondria ; energy transduction ; extrinsic molecular probes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence polarization and lifetime of the extrinsic potential-sensitive probes oxonols V and VI have been investigated both for the dyes free in aqueous and ethanol solutions and in the presence of beef heart submitochondrial particles under resting and energy-transducing conditions. The emission lifetime of the dyes appears to be inversely related to the solvent dielectric constant and increases as the solvent is changed from an aqueous medium to ethanol to the biological membrane. The fluorescence decay curve becomes biphasic in the presence of the membrane preparation and consists of a faster decaying component, the lifetime of which is the same as that of the probe in aqueous solution and of a slower decaying component. The longer lived component suffers an uncoupler-sensitive decrease in lifetime when ATP is added to the medium. The decrease in lifetime of the longer lived species is accompanied by large depolarizations of the dye fluorescence. These observations are consistent with a redistribution-type mechanism for the energy-dependent spectral changes involving the movement of probe from the aqueous phase to the membrane vesicles. The rotational relaxation time of oxonols V and VI is increased by over an order of magnitude when these dyes associate with the membrane. This observation is consistent with a previously developed model for the location of the dyes in the bilayer in which the side chains serve as anchors, preventing the rapid tumbling of the probe in the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01992556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the association of potential-sensitive dyes with model and energy-transducing membranes: Implications for fast probe response times (1980)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 54 (1980), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The second-order rate constants characterizing the association of potential-sensing dyes of the cyanine, merocyanine, and oxonol classes with glycerylmonooleate suspensions, azolectin vesicles, or submitochondrial particles have been measured and the implications for redistribution type mechanisms proposed to explain the potential-dependent optical signals of these probes considered. The second-order rate constants obtained for the cyanines and oxonols are compatible with microsecond probe response times only on the assumption that a high local dye concentration exists in the aqueous phase immediately adjacent to the membrane surface. Calculations based on a surface charge density induced by a bias potential suggest that the necessary local concentration cannot be attained by a diffusion polarization mechanism. A model based on the rapid recombination of ejected dye with the membrane bilayer seems capable of explaining microsecond probe response times in systems where the potential is rapidly changing polarity; calculations suggest that an ejected dye molecule would not diffuse out of an unstirred layer of 100 microns thickness on a millisecond time scale. Microsecond probe responses are also compatible with a first-order potential-dependent dye ejection from the membrane with no rapid recombination when the potential is not changing polarity. The apparent first-order rate constants describing the interaction of merocanine M-540 with a glycerylmonooleate suspension are independent of dye concentration; the reaction may be diffusion limited. The high local dye concentration need not be met in this case for a mechanism based on the transfer of dye onto the membrane from the aqueous phase to describe the microsecond signals of this dye, but other mechanisms have been proposed to explain such signals. The mechanism leading to potentialdependent signals from optical probes appear to differ substantially between suspensions of energy-transducing biological membranes and those involving excitable membranes such as the squid giant axon or model black lipid membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940566
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of a method to collect and analyse antimicrobial prescribing data in a United Kingdom hospital (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 16 (1994), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Automatic data processing ; Costs and cost analysis ; Data collection ; Drug utilization ; Formularies, hospital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract To identify the most suitable method to continuously monitor antibiotic prescriptions in a United Kingdom hospital, a study was performed in three phases over four years between 1985 to 1989 in a Liverpool teaching hospital. The aim of the study was to perfect a method to collect and analyse hospital-wide antibiotic prescribing data. The emphasis was laid on identifying problems and practicalities and also to minimize manpower and resource requirements. The data were used to illustrate the effect of the hospital's antibiotic policy on prescribing trends. The policy recommendation that co-trimoxazole be substituted by trimelhoprim was only partially adhered to because Augmentin® was the other replacement antibiotic in a significant number of cases. Therefore, it is important to monitor the effects of target drug programmes on all antibiotics since certain sequelae may be unexpected. A total of 1,804, 2,526 and 3,226 antibiotic prescriptions were collected and analysed during phases I, II and III respectively. 72–73% of the prescriptions were for the treatment of infection which equated to 81–89% of the total antibiotic cost. Therefore, cost control campaigns need to concentrate on infection treatment as opposed to prophylaxis. Specifically, respiratory tract, septicaemia and pyrexias of unknown origin account for the bulk of antibiotic expenditure. The method for phases I and II was multidisciplinary and very time-consuming. Phase III was very fast in operation, with data collection and analysis being performed on a single computer dedicated for the task. The minimum staff required to monitor all antibiotic prescriptions is one full-time pharmacist and clerk. Continuous intensive antibiotic monitoring in United Kingdom hospitals will not be feasible until antibiotic prescription forms are introduced on all wards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871259
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity analysis of closed-loop control systems on flexible structures (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 32 (1992), S. 54-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Local-velocity feedback (LVF) and linear-quadratic Gaussain (LQG) control schemes are implemented on passively tuned reaction mass actuators to control the vibrations of a flexible structure. The structure is lightly damped and possesses closely coupled low-frequency resonant modes. Both LVF and LQG controllers successfully eliminate the structure's vibrations. However, if the passive tuning parameters of the actuators are slightly mistuned, implementing LVF control actually results in an unstable system. On the other hand, LQG control proves to be insensitive to large changes in the passive tuning parameters of the actuators. In fact, the system with LQG control is never unstable, no matter what the actuator's passive tuning parameters are.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02317986
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