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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 8 (1994), S. 219-231 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Parameter estimation ; flood frequency analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A mixed method combining the method of moments and the method of optimization (MMO) was developed for estimating the parameters of the log-Pearson type 3 (LP3) distribution. The MMO estimates the parameters of mean and standard deviation by the method of indirect moments (MIM) and estimates the coefficient of skewness by minimizing both the relative root average square error (RRASE) and the relative average bias (RAB). Both the predictive capability and descriptive capability of six popular estimation methods were evaluated using 90 sets of observed flood data and six selected LP3 populations with 1000 samples for each selected sample size. The performance of the MMO was compared with those of five other selected estimation methods. A weighted ranking index (WRI) procedure was developed to help select the best combination of distribution and method for the Louisiana flood data. The WRI takes both the predictive capability and the descriptive capability into account in the evaluation. The combination of LP3/MMO was found to be the best combination for Louisiana flood data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 8 (1994), S. 233-258 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Flood ; China ; river ; sampling variance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sampling variance of a T-year flood when estimated using a curve-fitting method results from the errors in hydrologic observations, plotting positions, and model-fitting. This paper develops a method to quantify the contribution of plotting positions to the sampling variance of the T-year flood magnitude. Application of the method to 150 flood-flow data sets of 41 rivers in the People's Republic of China show that the errors due to plotting positions contribute more to the sampling variance than others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 21 (1997), S. 367-393 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: India; Water resources; Groundwater; Surface water; Surface water pollution; Groundwater pollution; Sustainable development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation science 15 (1994), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A moving control volume approach was used to model the advance phase of a furrow irrigation system whereas a fixed control volume was used to model the nearly stationary phase and the runoff rate. The resulting finite-difference equations of the kinematic-wave model were linearized and explicit algebraic expressions were obtained for computation of advance and runoff rate. The solutions for the advance increment and the runoff rate were compared with the nonlinear scheme, the zero-inertia model, and a set of field data. A close agreement was found between the models and the field data. Assuming a constant infiltration rate, a differential equation was derived to estimate the error between the kinematic-wave model and the zero-inertia model in predicting the flow cross-sectional area along the field length. The differential equation and two dimensionless terms were used to define the limits for use of the kinematic-wave model in furrow irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 89 (1996), S. 77-90 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The finite element model was successfully applied to predict the Pb-210 and total extractable fatty acid concentrations at different depths in two sediment cores from Lake Ontario by using different transport parameters. The transport parameters were computed from Pb-210 data. These parameters were used to simulate the total extractable fatty acid concentrations at different depths. The computed results were compared with observed data and results were compared by statistical methods. Good agreement was achieved though improved results were observed in a two layer model accounting for bioturbation in the upper 4–6 cm of sediment. By modifying this model is useful to apply the contaminant transport in lake sediments, industrial waste disposal ponds, and fish ponds with different geological, physical, chemical and biological parameters at different depths.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: climate change ; deterministichydrological model ; sub-arctic watershed ; Canada
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Watershed runoff modelling techniques were developed and applied for assessing climatic impacts, and tested for a watershed in the Northeast Pond River basin using atmospheric-change scenarios from a series of hypothetical scenarios. Results of this research strongly suggest that possible changes in temperature and precipitation caused by increases in atmospheric trace-gas concentrations could have major impacts on both the timing and magnitude of runoff and soil moisture in important natural resources areas. Of particular importance are predicted patterns of summer soil-moisture drying that are consistent across the entire range of tested scenarios. The decreases in summer soil moisture range from 10 to 50% for different scenarios. In addition, consistent changes were observed in the timing of runoff – specifically dramatic increases in winter runoff and decreases in summer runoff. These hydrologic results raise the possibility of major environmental and socio-economic difficulties and they will have significant implications for future water-resource planning and management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water resources management 1 (1987), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Weibull distribution ; maximum entropy ; frequency analysis ; rainfall depth/duration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The Weibull distribution, commonly used in hydrology, was derived using the principle of maximum entropy. The derivation required two constraints to be determined from data and yielded, in turn, a unique procedure for estimation of the distribution parameters. This method of parameter estimation was either superior or at least comparable to the methods of moments (MOM) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for the precipitation data used. This distribution was less than accurate in representing probability distributions of rainfall depths and durations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water resources management 1 (1987), S. 177-197 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Dam-breach ; erosion ; flood routing ; sediment routing ; Muskingum method ; earthen dam ; dam failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This paper, Part I in a series of two, develops a mathematical model for earthern dam breach erosion. This model constitutes an extension of the Breach Erosion of Earthfill Dams (BEED) model developed by Singh and Scarlatos (1987). Two aspects are emphasized: the evolution of the dam breach, and the subsequent flood and sediment routing. Simulation of dam breach evolution is based on hydrologic, geometric and geotechnic considerations. Einstein-Brown and Bagnold equations are utilized to compute the rate of erosion in the breached section. A water routing scheme, based on a modified version of the Muskingum method to simulate flow exchange between channel and floodplains, is used to route the resulting breach hydrograph. A sediment routing scheme based on the Muskingum method, modified to simulate deposition in floodplains, and deposition and scouring in the channel, is utilized to route the breach sediment graph. In Part II, the model is tested against historical dam failures, and an analysis is made to determine its sensitivity to various parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water resources management 4 (1990), S. 123-134 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Coastal aquifers ; cyclic flow ; dispersion ; finite element method ; Galerkin's method ; molecular diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Pendant les dernières quelques années, le transport des contaminants dans les aquifères a reçu une attention considerable. Aux aquifères de la côte, il existe des zones où l'eau salé et l'eau douce se dispersent quand le flux de l'eau et le transport des ions du sel s'unissent. Le patron de flux [flow pattern] des fluides miscibles qui ont des différents unités de poids est characterisé par le flux cyclique au bord de la côte la largeur de la region de dispersion est considerable, et les suppositions de ‘'interface tranchante’ [sharp interface] peut conduire a des faux résultats. Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène de l'instrusion de l'eau salé, le modèle des ‘éléments limités’ [finite element] a été appliqué dans deux problèmes dejà publiés. L'effet de l'abaissement piezométrique à cause du pompage excessif a été étudiés. Les paramètres physique ont été extraits des cas dejà étudiés, conduits par Rouven-Stoessinger et Kawatani, et la comparaisons avec leurs résultats a été fait.
    Notes: Abstract Transport of contaminants in aquifers has received considerable attention over the past few years. In coastal aquifers, a dispersion zone between saline water and fresh water exists where the flow of water and transport of salt ions are coupled. The flow pattern of two miscible fluids of different unit weights is characterized by the cyclic flow at the shore boundary. The width of the dispersion zone may be considerable, with the sharp interface assumption leading to erroneous results. A finite element model was applied to two prepublished problems for purposes of obtaining a better understanding of the saline water intrusion phenomenon. The effect of lowering the piezometric head due to excessive pumping was investigated. Physical parameters were extracted from the studies conducted by Kawatani and Rouve and Stoessinger, and comparison with their results was made.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water resources management 1 (1987), S. 199-221 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Breach erosion ; earthfill dam ; BEED model ; peak discharge ; Chezy ; Manning ; sensitivity analysis ; simulated discharge ; South Fork Dam ; Buffalo Creek Dam ; Teton Dam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract In Part I, the earthen dam breach erosion was analyzed. To this end, the BEED (breach erosion of earthfill dams) model was modified and extended. In this paper, Part II of the series, the extended BEED model is applied to three historical cases: South Fork Dam, Buffalo Creek Dam, and Teton Dam. The testing before it can be used for forecast purposes. A sensitivity analysis of the model to its parameters shows that the model is very sensitive to friction factors; Chenzy's for breach erosion, and Manning's for flood routing.
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