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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structures of two isomeric oximes. (EE)-2-methyl-3-phenyl-3-thiocyanatopropenaldoxime and (Z)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1,3-thiazin-2-one oxime (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Isomeric oximes ; X-ray diffraction ; heterocyclic isomer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of two isomeric oximes, C11N10N2OS have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The open-chain thiocyanato derivative is somewhat'less dense and crystallizes with the orthorhombic space group Pbcn;a,b,c=18.718(1), 10.601(3), 11.528(1) Å,Z=8. The heterocyclic isomer occurs as pseudo-orthorhombic (Cmma)twinned crystals of space group P21/n, a, b, c, β=12.11(1), 7.46(1), 12.12(1) Å, 100.09(1)o,Z=4. Twinning occurs as a result of the near-equality of the monoclinica andc cell constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673673
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifts in carbon isotope ratios of two C3 halophytes under natural and artificial conditions (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 44 (1980), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The total carbon δ13C values of two C3 halophytes,Salicornia europaea L. ssp.rubra (Nels.) Breitung andPuccinellia muttalliana (Schultes) Hitch., native to inland saline areas of Alberta, Canada, were determined for plants grown under controlled conditions of supplied NaCl in the nutrient solution, and for plants found growing in the field. Field specimens were collected along line transects which ran from areas of high salinity to areas of low salinity across the pattern of species zonation. The δ13C value of the two species seemed to reflect the water potential of the soil (ψ w soil ) as measured arbitrarily at a depth of 10 cm, becoming less negative as the ψ w soil decreased. Over a linear distance of 5.55 m,S. europaea spp.rubra showed a shift of +5.3‰ as the ψ w soil went from-25x102 kPa to a minimum of-73x102 kPa. ForP. nuttalliana, the δ13C values differed by 3.4‰ over a distance of 7.45 m where the maximum difference in ψ w soil was 12.7x102 kPa. However, δ13C values ofP. nuttalliana only roughly reflected the spatial trends in ψ w soil at the time of collection. In the growth chamber, the δ13C value ofS. europaea ssp.rubra changed by a maximum of +8.0‰ when the solute potential of the nutrient solution (ψ w soil ) was dropped from-0.25x102 kPa to-64.25x102 kPa; while the δ13C value ofP. nuttalliana changed by a maximum of +10.8‰ when the ψ w soil was dropped from-0.25x102 kPa to-40.25x102 kPa. Linear regression analyses indicated that the δ13C values of both species were strongly correlated (P〈0.2%) with ψ w soil . The observed shifts in δ12C may represent changes in the mode of photosynthetic CO2 fixation. However, a number of other explanations, some of which are discussed in the text, are also possible. A proper ecophysiological interpretation of such shifts in δ13C values of C3 plants awaits a better understanding of the isotope fractionation mechanisms involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572686
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of 18S rRNA in Littorinid Phylogeny (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 47 (1998), S. 586-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: 18S rRNA — Littorinidae — Molecular phylogeny — Morphological phylogeny —Littorina—Littoraria—Nodilittorina—Melarhaphe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In the past, 18S rRNA sequences have proved to be very useful for tracing ancient divergences but were rarely used for resolving more recent ones. Moreover, it was suggested that the molecule does not contain useful information to resolve divergences which took place during less than 40 Myr. The present paper takes littorinid phylogeny as a case study to reevaluate the utility of the molecule for resolving recent divergences. Two data sets for nine species of the snail family Littorinidae were analyzed, both separately and combined. One data set comprised 7 new complete 18S rRNA sequences aligned with 2 published littorinid sequences; the other comprised 12 morphological, 1 biochemical, and 2 18S rRNA secondary structure characters. On the basis of its ability to confirm generally accepted relationships and the congruence of results derived from the different data sets, it is concluded that 18S rRNA sequences do contain information to resolve ``rapid'' cladogenetic events, provided that they occurred in the not too distant past. 18S rRNA sequences yielded support for (1) the branching order (L. littorea, (L. obtusata, (L. saxatilis, L. compressa))) and (2) the basal position of L. striata in the Littorina clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006415
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large lakes of the world: A global science opportunity (1992)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 28 (1992), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract Recent commentaries have expressed growing concern about the present state of limnology in the United States. Two basic problems are perceived: l) there are no separate, dedicated funding programs in the US for basic limnologic research; and 2) limnology has failed to enter the global “big science” era of the 90's. While both the oceans and atmosphere are subjects of large, multinational global-scale scientific programs, similar large studies of lakes have been limited, at best, to regional studies. There are over 250 large lakes worldwide, spanning the globe from 80° N to 60° S, and ranging from hypersaline to fresh water. Altogether they contain over 68% of the earth's fresh liquid surface water. However, these large ecosystems are increasingly threatened by global anthropogenic change such as illconceived diversions, uncontrolled consumption, and progressive degradation of water and overall ecosystem quality. Global climate change is but another anthropogenic global-scale problem with potential future effects on large lakes. An organized, multinational framework for the study of large lakes on a global scale is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conflicts among recreational resource users-the case of non-Canadian participation in the regional sport fisheries of British Columbia and the Yukon (1974)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 8 (1974), S. 24-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract There has been a great deal of controversy recently in British Columbia over the non-Canadian use of the province's recreational resources. Tourism is British Columbia's third largest industry, yet tourist facilities, especially publicly provided facilities, have been experiencing crowding problems, which many believe result in deterioration in the quality of the recreational experience. In July, 1973, British Columbia's Minister of Highways responded to this situation by advocating a ban on all United States' recreational vehicles. In the present paper the problems of recreational resource development are subjected to economic analysis. One group of non-Canadian users, namely, sport fishermen, is singled out for attention. The consequences of various relevant recreation policies are discussed on a regional basis, drawing on a selection of studies undertaken by the Northern Economics Unit, Federal Fisheries Service, in Vancouver. The conclusions of the paper are as follows. It is evident that public attitudes towards non-resident use of locally identified recreational resources vary significantly from one region to another. Overcrowded conditions prevailing in some areas are not evident in others and policies must be flexible enough to take account of regional variation. Furthermore, excess demand is often a reflection of inconsistent government policies which produce a gap between the planned utilisation and the planned provision of facilities. Under such conditions discrimination on the basis of residential status is likely to be carried to lengths beyond those justified by economic analysis. In particular, in the case of British Columbia, to focus attention on restricting non-Canadian use is to divert attention away from the real problem. In the final analysis, if governments are concerned with providing an optimal amount of good quality recreational opportunities and maximising the real net benefits accruing to residents under their jurisdictions, then a policy package more finely attuned to these objectives is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01295823
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption of radium-226 from oil-production brine by sediments and soils (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 5 (1983), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sorption of226Ra from oil-production brine by soils and sediments was investigated. Sorption was rapid, and the percentage sorbed increased with brine dilution. Greatest removals of226Ra from sediments in the laboratory occurred with alkaline DTPA, HCl, and BaCl2, with lesser removals using CaCl2 and NaCl solutions. Digestion of sediments with NaOCl indicates that most of the native and sorbed226Ra is associated with the mineral rather than organic fraction of the sediments. Correlation analysis based on 14 soils indicates that the retention of226Ra may involve precipitation reactions associated with sulfate-bearing minerals, as well as ion-exchange reactions with the clay mineral fractions of surficial earth materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381293
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of two growth retardants on tissue permeability in Pisum sativum and Beta vulgaris (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 152 (1981), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: AMO-1618 ; Beta ; CCC ; Growth retardants ; Permeability and growth retardants ; Pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of growth retardants, 4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyltrimethylammonium chloride-1-piperidine carboxylate (AMO-1618 or AMO) and 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC), applied with and without gibberellic acid (GA3), on β-[3H]alanine uptake and leakage from pea (Pisum sativum L.) and betacyanin efflux from beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) tissue were examined. Both compounds decreased the amount of β-[3H]alanine taken up into pea leaf discs, and increased the quantity of radioactive label that subsequently leaked out of this tissue. Efflux of betacyanin from slices of beetroot was also found to be promoted by treatment with CCC or AMO-1618. In no case were these effects reversed by application of GA3. It is concluded that the growth retardants may be altering tissue permeability by an interaction with the cell membranes, and this may account for some of the side effects of the retardants which cannot be explained on the basis of their inhibiting action on gibberellin synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380817
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aeration on the flood-induced formation of adventitious roots and other changes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1975)
    Springer
    Planta 127 (1975), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of flooding, flooding with aeration, and no flooding of the root system on shoot growth was studied in sunflower plants. The responses of shoots appear to be brought about by: (1) The anaerobic condition of the roots which causes stem dwarfing, chlorosis, and petiolar epinasty. (2) The presence of water in excess of field capacity (but not anoxia) around the roots which results in an increase in stem hypertrophy and the formation and growth of adventitious roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380723
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry of Karroo dolerite sills in the Calvinia district, Western Cape Province, South Africa (1978)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 66 (1978), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Two Karroo dolerite sills display chemical and mineralogical variation compatible with cumulus enrichment. The Blaauwkrans sill is an olivine tholeiite and contains a central zone slightly enriched in olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene. The thicker Hangnest sill is a quartz tholeiite and shows evidence of crystal settling and has a lower zone enriched in cumulus orthopyroxene and plagioclase. The two sills differ quite markedly in their trace element compositions, with the Hangnest magma enriched by a factor of two in LIL elements (Rb, Ba, Nb, Zr, Y) relative to the Blaauwkrans magma. The Hangnest magma contained extremely low Ni contents (3–5 ppm), whereas the Blaauwkrans magma contained higher but more “normal” Ni (100–110ppm). Such contrasting trace element compositions preclude any simple genetic relationship between the two Karroo magmas but they may be related either through a common parent or are derivatives from separate parental magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cladistic phylogeny of the genus Littorina (Gastropoda): implications for evolution of reproductive strategies and for classification (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 193 (1990), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: biogeography ; Atlantic ; Pacific ; reproductive strategy ; larval development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gross anatomical characters of all 18 species of Littorina are used to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, by the method of cladistic analysis. The resulting cladogram suggests that of the four subgenera of Littorina, one (Littorina) is paraphyletic. It is uncertain whether the genus Mainwaringia should be included in Littorina. It is shown that the non-planktotrophic Littorina species in the northern Atlantic comprise a monophyletic group, with the sister-species L. kurila and/or L. subrotundata in the northern Pacific. Invasion of the Atlantic by a minimum of two Pacific species, across the Arctic migration route established during the late Cenozoic, is sufficient to account for the modern distribution of the subgenera Littorina and Neritrema. The importance of the cladogram as a basis for hypotheses of adaptation is illustrated by a discussion of spawn and development in Littorina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028062
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