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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory projections from dorsal and ventral appendages inDrosophila grafted to the same site are different (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1607-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Neuronal specificity ; sensory projections ; serial homology ; ectopic transplantation ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Owing to a new transplantation technique, we have been able to study the sensory projections of homologous and heterologous appendages grafted to the same abdominal site inD. melanogaster. Axons from homologous transplants exhibit similar terminal patterns, whereas those from heterologous transplants do not. It is suggested that ectopic sensory axons specifically recognized central areas and pathways occupied by axons from homologous appendages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964832
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barbiturate coma may promote reversible bone marrow suppression in patients with severe isolated traumatic brain injury (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 529-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Head injury ; Barbiturate coma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Barbiturate coma is employed in brain-injured patients whenever increases in intracranial pressure remain unresponsive to less aggressive therapeutic regimens. Barbiturate-mediated neuroprotection, however, is weakened by an increased infection rate related to barbiturate-induced immunosuppression. Co-administration of barbiturates with antibiotics known to induce bone marrow suppression could, in turn, potentiate barbiturate-mediated immunosuppression. Adverse drug reactions and interactions of thiopental with antibiotics in terms of leukopenia, infection rate, and bone marrow suppression were investigated. Methods: White blood cells were measured daily, tracheobronchial secretion and urine were examined for bacterial growth twice a week or if an infection was suspected. Results: A total of 52 patients with severe isolated head injury were consecutively investigated. Due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which did not respond to analgosedation, barbiturate coma was performed in 23 cases. The other 29 patients remained analgosedated. Leukocytes and neutrophils were reversibly and significantly decreased in all patients, mostly sustained under thiopental. The pulmonary infection rate due to Gram-negative organisms was nearly doubled during barbiturate coma. Reversible agranulocytosis and bone marrow suppression attributed to antibiotics developed in six patients after thiopental administration. Mortality rate, however, was not increased by these adverse effects. Conclusions: Barbiturate coma may cause reversible leukopenia and an increased infection rate. Long-term administration of thiopental may also promote reversible antibiotic-induced bone marrow suppression. The mechanisms and site of interaction between thiopental and antibiotics cannot be assessed by the present study and remain to be clarified. However, during and after barbiturate coma, close monitoring of leukocytes and infections and careful selection of antibiotics is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen über die Fusion myogener Zellen beiAntheraea polyphemus (Lepidoptera) (1974)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 896-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fusion of both myoblasts and ‘Muskelanlagezellen’ during development of the dorsolongitudinal muscles inAntheraea polyphemus (Lep.) is shown at the ultrastructural level. Several cytoplasmic bridges are formed simultaneously between the two cells. It is supposed that the effect of breakdown of both myoblast membrane and sarcolemma originates from the myoblast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01938346
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über eine neue Messmethode für Dotierungsprofile in Halbleitern (1970)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 21 (1970), S. 674-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587716
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projection patterns of different types of antennal sensilla in the antennal glomeruli of Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 237-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennal sensilla ; Central projections ; Antennal glomeruli ; Orthograde cobalt diffusion ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cobalt fills from small, defined regions of the antenna in D. melanogaster show that the three types of sensilla on the third segment, the flagellum, and a fourth sensillum located in the arista, project into the glomeruli of the antennal lobe. We have identified 19 glomeruli in each lobe, according to their location, shape, and size. At least ten of these represent major projection areas of flagellar or aristal sensilla. The large majority of glomeruli is innervated from both antennae, but a small group of five receive exclusively ipsilateral input. A particular sensory fiber appears to terminate only in one specific glomerulus, either in the ipsilateral or in both lobes. Fills from flagellar regions bearing a single type of sensillum, yield a specific pattern of glomeruli containing stained terminals. Aristal projections remain strictly ipsilateral, whereas those from the other sensilla consist of an ipsilateral and a bilateral component. When filling from different points in an area bearing one type of sensillum, similar projections are produced, suggesting that projection patterns observed reflect predominantly the type of sensillum rather than its location on the flagellum. Accordingly, individual glomeruli might represent functional units, each receiving antennal input in a characteristic combination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on neuromuscular contacts and the formation of junctions in the flight muscle of Antheraea polyphemus (Lep.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 331-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Flight muscle ; Denervation ; Peripheral Wallerian degeneration ; Metamorphic axon degeneration ; Antheraea (Lepidoptera) ; Trophic action ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the moth Antheraea polyphemus the innervation of the anlage of the dorsolongitudinal flight muscle (dlm) was transected at the onset of adult development. The subsequent breakdown of the isolated motor stumps during early adult development was studied at the ultrastructural level. First reactions are seen on the second day of development when axonal mitochondria shrink. Later, elongated vesicles similar in structure to channels of smooth ER, appear in large numbers in the axoplasm. Their nature as well as the functional aspects of early axonal changes are discussed. From the 7th day onward two types of axonal breakdown become prominent. The first is characterized by swelling axon profiles, distorted vesicles and strongly shrunken mitochondria, while shrinking axon profiles containing tightly packed mitochondria and unaltered vesicles are typical of the second. Both types presumably take place independently of each other in different axon terminals. Axons and the contents of at least the first type are finally removed by transformation into lamellar bodies. Glial processes obviously behave independently of degenerating terminals; they loose any contact with them and never act as phagocytes for axon remnants. During the whole period of breakdown undifferentiated contacts between nerve fibers and muscle anlagen are present but synaptic structures as in normal developing dlm have never been observed. This fact, in comparison with earlier studies, suggests a lack of trophic nervous activity on the muscle anlagen tissue. A short time after removal of the isolated stumps new nerve tracts appear between dlm-fibers (which are, of course, strongly retarded in development). They are presumably sensory wing nerves which lack a guide structure to the central target, due to axotomy. Neuromuscular contacts or even junctions formed by axons of these nerves have occasionally been detected on the dlm. Their nature is discussed. Wallerian axon degeneration is compared to the normal, metamorphic breakdown of the innervation of the larval dlm-precursor. In contrast to the former, glial processes here remain in contact with the terminals. Glia and axons first swell. Then most glial processes are transformed into lamellar bodies whereas neuntes shrink and become electron-dense. Axonal organelles remain intact for a long period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223013
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of a sensory organ in the arista of Drosophila melanogaster and some other dipterans (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennae ; Sensory cells ; Thermoreceptors ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Musca domestica ; Calliphora erythrocephala (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arista, a characteristic appendage of dipteran antennae, consists of 2 short segments at the base and a long distal shaft. A small sensory ganglion, from which arises the aristal nerve, is located proximally in the shaft. The fine structure of the aristal sensory organ was studied in detail in the fruitfly (Drosophila) and for comparison in the housefly (Musca) and the blowfly (Calliphora). In Drosophila, the aristal sense organ consists of 3 identical sensilla that terminate in the hemolymph space of the aristal shaft, and not in an external cuticular apparatus. Each sensillum comprises 2 bipolar neurons and 2 sheath cells; a third sheath cell envelops the somata of all six neurons of the ganglion. The neurons have long slender dendrites with the usual subdivision into an inner and an outer segment. One of the outer segments is highly lamellated and bears small particles (BOSS-structures) on the outside of its cell membrane; the other outer segment is unbranched and has a small diameter. The fine structure of the first dendrite is strongly reminiscent of thermoreceptors known from the antennae of other insects. These thermoreceptors are often coupled with hygroreceptors; however, we can only speculate whether the second dendrite of the aristal organ also has this function. Our present results argue against mechanoreceptive functions, as formerly postulated. The aristal sense organs in Musca and Calliphora are similar to those in Drosophila, but contain more sensilla (12 in Musca, 18 in Calliphora).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239448
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on neuromuscular contacts and the formation of junctions in the flight muscle of Antheraea polyphemus (Lep.) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 245-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junctions ; Rete synapticum ; Development ; Antheraea ; (Lepidoptera) ; Trophic action ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of neuromuscular connections on developing dorsolongitudinal flight muscles was studied in the moth Antheraea polyphemus, Undifferentiated membrane contacts between axon terminals and muscle-fiber anlagen are present in the diapause pupa. They persist during the period of nerve outgrowth, which probably provides a pathway of contact guidance. By the 4th day of adult development some of these contact areas have differentiated into structures similar to neuromuscular junctions although differentiation of muscle structure does not start earlier than the eighth day. Dense-cored vesicles are abundant in many axon terminals at the beginning of development. They later decrease in number quite rapidly. The significance of the above-mentioned early junctions, their possible mode of action and the role of the dense-cored vesicles are discussed. It is proposed that they exercise a stimulating (trophic) influence on the growth of the undifferentiated muscular tissue. The imaginai neuromuscular junctions are formed during the second half of adult development. Clusters of vesicles and electron-dense depositions along the inner face of the axolemma seem to initiate junction formation. Glial processes then grow between axoand sarcolemma and divide the large contact area into several small segments. Mutual invaginations and protrusions of the sarcolemma and the glial cell membrane subsequently form an extensive “rete synapticum.” Six days before eclosion the glial and sarcoplasmic parts of the rete synapticum are similar in size. Up to eclosion, all glial processes shrink and increase in electron density. Most of the observations are discussed also in relation to findings in vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219160
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of immunocytochemical staining patterns in the antennal system of Drosophila melanogaster (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennal sensilla ; Antennal lobe ; Olfaction ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Western blot ; Drosophila melanogaster, lozenge mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By immunizing mice with homogenized brains, heads, or a mixture of heads and antennae of D. melanogaster, we obtained six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that bind to the olfactory system of Drosophila with various degrees of specificity. They can be divided into three groups with respect to their staining pattern: (1) The antibodies ca51/2, na21/2, and nb230 label both in the third (olfactory) antennal segment and in the visual ganglia. All of them bind to antennal structures that can be correlated with basiconic sensilla. The antibody ca51/2 labels sensory neurons of these sensilla. In the antenna of the lozenge 3 mutant, which lacks basiconic sensilla, no labeling is present. In Western blots ca51/2 recognizes in the antenna an antigen of 43.5 kDa, which is expressed in the antenna only in the presence of basiconic sensilla. The antibody na21/2 binds to basiconic and coeloconic sensilla, most likely to the apical part of sheath cells. In immunoblots it recognizes in the antenna two antigens of 42.2 kDa and 46.7 kDa. The latter appears to be correlated in the antenna with the presence of basiconic sensilla. (2) The staining pattern of antibody nc10 is associated with the sheath cells of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla. Moreover, nc10 binds to a subset of glomeruli in the antennal lobe. (3) The staining pattern of the antibodies VG2 and I24B5 is restricted to the antenna. I24B5 recognizes coeloconic sensilla and VG2 recognizes both coeloconic and basiconic sensilla. Staining patterns in both cases include sheath cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305373
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cobalt filling of sensory projections from internal and external mouthparts in Drosophila (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 513-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Internal taste sensilla ; Sensory projections ; Cobalt diffusion ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phase-contrast microscopy of 2.5 μm plastic sections reveals five different kinds of sense organs on the internal mouthparts of Drosophila melanogaster: a ventral group of sensilla on the epipharynx, three kinds of sense organs in the middle part of the sucking apparatus (the cibarium), one of them being described here for the first time, and an additional type of sensillum in the dorsal pharynx (Fig. 1). Three of these internal sense organs resembling each other structurally form similar projection patterns in the tritocerebrum, whereas external taste receptors on the labial palps show a different pattern in the suboesophageal ganglion (Fig. 12). The central projections of these internal and external sensilla were traced by applying an ethanolic solution of cobalt on the intact cuticle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238648
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