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  • Springer  (109)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 187 (1963), S. 44-51 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Octyl-, Decyl- und Dodecylbetaine wurden von geeigneten α-Bromfettsäuren und Trimethylamin synthetisiert. Die Reaktionsmischung wurde in mehreren Schritten gereinigt und das Endprodukt als farbloser Kristall erhalten. Die fortschreitende Reinigung wurde mit Infrarotmessung und Papierchromatographie verfolgt. Es zeigt sich aus pH-Titration und Elektrophorese, da\ die Betaine als Zwitterionen in Form von leichter Säure bis zu stark alkalischen Lösungen existieren. Die kritische Micellkonzentration, bestimmt durch Solubilisation von Sudan III, betragen 0,085, 0,0098 und 0,0011 Mol/l für Octyl-, Decyl- und Dodecylbetaine.
    Notes: Summary Octyl-, decyl- and dodecylbetaines, C n H2n+1CHCOO-+N (CH3)3 (n=8, 10, 12), were synthesized from appropriateα-bromo-fatty acids and trimethylamine. The reaction mixture was purified through many steps, and the final product was obtained as a colorless crystal. The progressive purification through each step was traced by infra-red absorption and paper chromatography. It was shown by pH-titration and also by electrophoresis that these betaines exist as Zwitterions in a from slightly acid to strongly alkaline solution. The critical micelle concentrations determined by the solubilization of Sudan III were 0.085, 0.0098 and 0.0011 mole/l for octyl, decyl- and dodecylbetaines.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 189 (1963), S. 50-55 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung der Temperatur und zugefügter Salze auf die kritische Micellkonzentration von Octyl-, Decylund Dodecyl-Betainen wurde durch Messung der Oberflächenspannung der Solubilisation geprüft. Die CMC nimmt mit wachsender Temperatur leicht ab. Sie nimmt ebenfalls bei Zufügung starker Elektrolyte ab, doch in weit geringerem Maße als im Falle von ionischen oberflächenaktiven Substanzen. Es gilt folgende empirische Gleichung: log CMC=−K C 8+constant, wobeiC s die Konzentration des zugefügten Salzes ist. Dieses Verhalten wird im Vergleich zu dem von ionischen und nichtionischen oberflächenaktiven Substanzen diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The effects of temperature and of added salt on the critical micelle concentrations of octyl-, decyl- and dodecyl-betaines were examined by surface-tension and solubilisation measurements. The critical micelle concentration decreases slightly with an increase in temperature. It decreases also with an addition of strong electrolyte, but in a far less degree compared with the case of ionic surfactants. The following empirical relation is obtained; log CMC=−K C 8+constant, whereC s is the concentration of added salt. These behaviors are discussed in comparison with ionic and non-ionic surfactants.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 236 (1970), S. 79-83 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary In this paper is described a simulation technique applicable to the gel filtration of an ionic surfactant in the presence of an electrolyte. The applicability was tested by using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant and sodium chloride as an added salt. In qualitative aspects, the theoretical elution curves showed good agreements with the experimental ones. Disagreements found between both elution curves seemed to be ascribable to the adsorption of the surfactant on the gel surface which was neglected in the theory.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.−z ; 25.70.Lm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The competition between fusion-fission and deeply inelastic reactions in the Cl + Ni system has been studied by investigating the exit channelQ-value dependence of theZ-distributions of fission-like fragments. TheZ-, kinetic energy- and angular distributions of the fission-like fragments produced in the37Cl +64Ni system atE lab=170, 186 MeV and in the28Si +74Ge system atE lab=176 MeV have been measured by counter telescopes. TheZ-distribution of the37Cl +64Ni system was found to be essentially the same as that of the35Cl +62Ni system at the same bombarding energy. It is shown that this result can not be explained by the statistical fusion fission model but is consistent with a deeply inelastic model. A systematic study of the fission-like phenomenon in this mass region indicates that the maximum angular momenta for fusion reactions as well as the minimum angular momenta for DIC can be reproduced by the Bass model in the sliding limit (f=1.0) while the maximum angular momenta for fully energy-damped deeply inelastic reactions are governed by the strong interaction radius as predicted by the successive critical distance fusion model. The significance of these results are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 74 (1987), S. 338-339 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1978), S. 703-706 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55Rz; 42.65Tg; 73.40Qv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We developed a gold reflector based semiconductor saturable absorber mirror that has a sufficiently high reflectivity and a broad bandwidth and has been used to initiate the mode locking in a Cr4+:YAG laser. The laser achieved a similar efficiency to the lasers with Bragg-reflector-based semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors, but delivered a much broader spectrum and a shorter pulse.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 339-343 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments for growing epitaxial PLZT thin films has been made with rf sputtering. X-ray and electron diffraction analyses confirm that the fabricated films grow epitaxially on SrTiO3 and MgO crystals. A good transparency in the region above 0.4 μm to infrared with good ferroelectric properties is obtained. Propagation loss of He−Ne laser light is less than 6 dB/cm, and the PLZT thin film is a promising candidate for the optical modulator and other functional elements for integrated optics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 3 (1985), S. 181-183 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 36 (2000), S. 371-374 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with flow visualization, velocity, streakline, and heat transfer measurements on thermal convection between two coaxial square containers inclined by forty five degrees. It is found that there is no critical Rayleigh number for the onset of thermal convection in the test section. There appear two great circulations, which are symmetrical with respect to the diagonal vertical plane of the two coaxial square containers.
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