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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal periodic scheduling of multipurpose batch plants (1993)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 42 (1993), S. 193-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A rigorous mathematical programming framework for the scheduling of multipurpose batch plants operated in a cyclic mode is presented. The proposed formulation can deal with batch operations described by complex processing networks, involving shared intermediates, material recycles, and multiple processing routes to the same end-product or intermediate. Batch aggregation and splitting are also allowed. The formulation permits considerable flexibility in the utilisation of processing equipment and storage capacity, and accommodates problems with limited availability of utilities. The scheduling problem is formulated as a large mixed integer linear program (MILP). For a given cycle time, it is shown that it is sufficient for the formulation to characterize a single cycle of the periodic schedule despite the existence of tasks that span two successive cycles. The optimal cycle time is determined by solving a sequence of fixed cycle time problems. The MILP is solved by a branch-and-bound algorithm modified so as to avoid exploring branches that are cyclic permutations of others already fathomed. The resulting implementation permits the solution of problems of realistic size within reasonable computational effort. Several examples are used to illustrate the applicability of the algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023176
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-divergence of translates of certain algebraic measures (1997)
    Springer
    Geometric and functional analysis 7 (1997), S. 48-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8970
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Let G and $H\subset G$ be connected reductive real algebraic groups defined over $\Bbb Q$ , and admitting no nontrivial $\Bbb Q$ -characters. Let $\Gamma\subset G(\Bbb Q)$ be an arithmetic lattice in G, and $\pi:G\rightarrow\Gamma\backslash G$ be the natural quotient map. Let $\mu_H$ denote the H-invariant probability measure on the closed orbit $\pi(H)$ . Suppose that $\pi(Z(H))$ is compact, where Z(H) denotes the centralizer of H in G. We prove that the set $\{\mu_H\cdot g :\in G\}$ of translated measures is relatively compact in the space of all Borel probability measures on $\Gamma\backslash G$ , where $\mu_H\cdot g(E)=\mu_H(Eg^{-1})$ for all Borel sets $E\subset\Gamma\backslash G\$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001616
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attention Modulates the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Response in the Primary Visual Cortex measured with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1999)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 86 (1999), S. 79-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050575
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of glycolic acid in coastal sea water (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 24 (1974), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A reasonably fast and reliable chemical method for the determination of glycolic acid in sea water is described in detail. It consists of adsorption of glycolic acid by alumina, followed by extraction with sulphuric acid and then colorimetry. The overall efficiency of recovery of this method, which is standardized internally, is approximately 67%, and about 20-fold concentration of glycolic acid is achieved. Using this method, the occurrence of glycolic acid in Ipswich Bay (Gulf of Maine, USA) was studied over a period of 6 months and was found to fluctuate between 0 and 80 μg/l. The zero values occurred in January, when the phytoplankton chlorophyll values were also at their winter minimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389345
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field evaluation of lentil cultivars inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains for nitrogen fixation using nitrogen-15 isotope dilution (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrogen-15 isotope dilution ; Legumes ; Lens culinaris ; Rhizobium ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  A 15N isotope dilution technique was applied to quantify the extent of N2 fixation in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivars as influenced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains in a field experiment in Pakistan. The experiment was conducted on a soil with a very small indigenous rhizobial population and where N was a limiting factor for crop production. Significant variations in number of nodules, dry weight of nodules, biomass yield, grain yield, total N yield, proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation (Pfix) and amount of N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) were observed among combined treatments of four rhizobial strains and six lentil varieties. In a field previously labelled with 15N, to which a basal dose of 75 kg P2O5 ha–1 was applied as single super phosphate, Ndfa ranged from 15 to 24 kg N ha–1 when calculated according to rhizobial strain and from 4 to 38 kg N ha–1 when calculated according to lentil variety. Lc 26 was the most effective strain and fixed 243% more N than the indigenous population in the uninoculated control. In treatments with the lentil variety PL-406, Ndfa was 38 kg N ha–1, which was 850% higher than with the lentil variety Precoz/F6-20-1×M-85. Generally, the varieties with greater Pfix produced a higher dry matter yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050625
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Calcium in the Evolution of Superconductivity in a (La2−xRx)Ba2(CayCu4+y)Oz (R = Y, Er, Gd) System (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: LaBaCuO ; calcium ; superconductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has been reported that, by adding equal amounts of CaO and CuO to non superconducting La3Ba3Cu6O z (La-336), a series of superconductors with nominal compositions La3Ca y Ba3Cu6+y O z were prepared with maximum Ton c ∼ 80K. Similar studies on addition of CaO and CuO in nonsuperconducting LaBaCu2O z (La-112) resulted into superconducting LaCaBaCu3O z (La-1113). To date no attempt has been made to synthesize La2CaBa2Cu5O z (La-2125) superconducting phase by addition of CaO and CuO to non superconducting La2Ba2Cu4O z (La-224) system. Also no reports are published to study the effect of replacing larger La3+-ions (1.01Å) by smaller rare earth ions viz Y3+(0.89Å), Er3+(0.91Å), Gd3+(0.91Å) on the structural and superconducting properties of (La2−x R x )Ba2(Ca y Cu4+y )O z (LRBCaC); 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5; y=2x system. In this paper, we report the method of synthesis, structural and superconducting property characterization using X-ray diffraction, oxygen content measurements using iodometry, resistivity measurements using d.c. four probe technique and a.c. susceptibility measurements in the temperature range RT to 15K. Also a comparative study, on the evolution of superconducting phase with Ca-concentration for different rare earth substitutions for LRBCaC system in the context of hole doping mechanism, is carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007765907530
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental topological flipping works for regular triangulations (1996)
    Springer
    Algorithmica 15 (1996), S. 223-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Geometric algorithms ; Grid generation ; Regular and Delaunay triangulations ; Flipping ; Topological order ; Point location ; Incremental ; Randomized
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A set ofn weighted points in general position in ℝ d defines a unique regular triangulation. This paper proves that if the points are added one by one, then flipping in a topological order will succeed in constructing this triangulation. If, in addition, the points are added in a random sequence and the history of the flips is used for locating the next point, then the algorithm takes expected time at mostO(nlogn+n [d/2]). Under the assumption that the points and weights are independently and identically distributed, the expected running time is between proportional to and a factor logn more than the expected size of the regular triangulation. The expectation is over choosing the points and over independent coin-flips performed by the algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975867
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The trophic role of glycolic acid in coastal seawater. I. Heterotrophic metabolism in seawater and bacterial cultures (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 33 (1975), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glycolic acid, a known algal excretory product, represents a potentially important energy source for heterotrophic bacteria in marine waters. Measurements of heterotrophic uptake and mineralization by the natural microbes in the plankton indicate quantitative use of glycolic acid comparable to other common microbial substrates. This activity shows vertical and horizontal variations that correlate in a general way with primary productivity. Glycolic acid appears to be present at higher concentrations than other low molecular weight substrates, and it also shows a lower rate of turnover. It is mineralized (respired) to a greater extent than other recorded substrates, an average of 70% of total uptake. Two-thirds of a total of 141 colonies of bacteria cultured from seawater on marine agar proved capable oftaking up and respiring glycolic acid. These same bacteria, however, were unable to utilize glycolic acid for growth when it was the sole carbon source. Glycolate may therefore occur at higher concentrations and show erratic fluctuations in natural waters because microbial use is not tied to glycolate production but to the presence of other substrates. The fact that so many bacteria are able to metabolize it indicates a possibly important trophic role as an energy source. It is suggested that glycolic acid may be a major source of energy for active transport of other substrates by marine bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390723
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-resolution Fabry-Pérot spectrometer for emission line studies in planetary nebulae and other extended astronomical objects (1987)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 139 (1987), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe here a scanning piezo-electric Fabry-Pérot spectrometer operating in the photoncounting mode whose plate spacing and parallelism are maintained by a servo-controlled system, ensuring high accuracy, for the study of emission lines from extended astronomical objects in the spectral range 4500–7000 Å. Details of the optical set-up and the Data Acquisition System (DAS) are described. Its performance at the Cassegrain focus of the 1 m telescope at Kavalur is discussed. Some line profiles on planetary nebulae studied with the above spectrometer are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644362
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The trophic role of glycolic acid in coastal seawater. II. Seasonal changes in concentration and heterotrophic use in Ipswich Bay, Massachusetts, USA (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 43 (1977), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glycolic acid is a known algal excretory product which is found in marine waters and is readily metabolized by marine bacteria. The following parameters were measured over the course of a year in Ipswich Bay: chlorophyll a, temperature, viable bacteria, heterotrophic uptake of glycolate, and glycolate concentrations. The latter two were combined to give estimates of the flux of glycolate for a station 3 km out in the bay and for an inshore station. Pronounced seasonal changes were found for all parameters. Statistically significant correlations between heterotrophic V max and glycolic acid concentrations and temperature were found, but not between planktonic chlorophyll a and any of the other parameters. Measurements of glycolic acid flux yielded an annual flux of 2.84 g m-2 for the bay station, which is about 0.5% of the bay phytoplankton production. Glycolic acid turns over roughly 12 times per year in the bay. It contributes perhaps as much to bacterial metabolism as any other single substrate, but is apparently not of dominating importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402318
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