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  • Springer  (40)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The theorem of the alternative, the key-theorem, and the vector-maximum problem (1975)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 8 (1975), S. 332-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Consequences of a general formulation of the theorem of the alternative are exploited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01580450
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structure of [Pd(η5-C5H5) (bis-1,2-diphenylphosphinoethane)] [CF3SO3] (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 18 (1988), S. 721-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the complex [Pd(η 5-C5 H5) (PPh2) CH2CH2PPh2]+ [CF3SO3]− has been determined from single crystal X-ray data and refined by least-squares methods toR=0.046. The monoclinic crystals have unit cell dimensionsa=9.832(3),b=12.104(4),c=13.765(4)Å,β=111.22(3)°, space group P21, andz=2. In the cationic complex the palladium atom is coordinated to theη 5-cyclopentadienyl moiety and to the phoshorus atoms of the chelating diphosphine. The arrangement of the two phosphorus atoms and the centroid of the cyclopentadienyl ring is approximately trigonal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164293
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-spin states in48Ti (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 293 (1979), S. 57-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The45Sc(α, p γ) reaction has been investigated atE α=11, 12 and 13MeV. Theγ-decay of 198 levels in48Ti up to 8,323 keV excitation energy has been observed. High-spin states were investigated by proton-γ ray angular correlation measurements atE=11 and 13MeV and by DSAM lifetime measurements atE=11 MeV. From the combined evidence spin (-parity) assignments were obtained for the levels atE x =8,323 keV (J= 10,8,6), 8,091(12, 10, 8, 6), 7,668(10, 8), 7,427(9, 7), 7,374(11, 9, 7), 6,906(10, 8, 6), 6,172(8+,6+), 6,102(10+,8+), 6,039(6), 6,034(9+, 7+), 5,630(7), 5,197(8+), 5,169(7+), 5,155(5), 4,404(5), 4,398(6+) and 4,046keV (5). Most of the ambiguous spin assignments become unique if the 8,091 keV level hasJ=12, an assumption which is favoured by its excitation function. The level spectrum thus obtained is well reproduced by shell model calculations in the pure (f 7/2)8 configuration space. Discrepancies exist in the reproduction ofγ-decay modes. The reason is found in low-lying high-spin intruder states which include the 7,427 and 8,323 keV levels. The spectrum of negative-parity states is understood qualitatively by a comparison with46Ti and42Ca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414785
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of28Si from the spectroscopy of high-spin states (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 303 (1981), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A search for high-spin states in28Si has been performed byn−y coincidence measurements in the25Mg(α,nγy) reaction atE α=14 and 15.5 MeV. Spin-parity assignments of the observed levels were obtained fromn−γ angular correlation and lifetime measurements atE α=14.5 MeV. Theγ-decay of the 9,164 keV level was investigated separately with the27Al(p, γ) reaction at theE p=2,160 and 2,312 keV resonances. Rotational bands withK π=3− (comprising levels atE x=6,879, 8,413, 10,188 and 12,204 keV),K π =5− (comprising levels atE x=9,702, 11,577 and 13,741 keV) andK π=0+ (comprising levels atE x=6,691, 7,381, 9,164 and 11,509 keV) were observed. The finding of the latter band supports the idea of coexisting oblate and prolate shapes in28Si. A level at 14,643 keV excitation energy has the properties of theI π=8+ member of the ground state band. There are additional positive-parity high-spin states which do not fit into rotational bands. All types of positive-parity states are well accounted for by shell model calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01424765
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy of highly excited states in29Si (1982)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 309 (1982), S. 163-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Particleγ-ray coincidences have been measured in the28Si (d,pγ) reaction at 6.5 and 7 MeV bombarding energy, in the26Mg (α,nγ) reaction at 12, 14 and 15 MeV, and in the27A1 (τ,pγ) reaction at 9 MeV. Theγ-decay has been observed for all bound states of29Si and for 56 unbound states up to 12,960 KeV excitation energy. Particleγ-ray angular correlations were measured in the28Si (d,pγ) reaction at 6.5 MeV and in the26Mg (α,nγ) reaction at 12 MeV. Spin (-parity) assignments or restrictions were obtained for nearly all bound states and some high-spin states above the binding energy. The assignment of mirror levels in29Si and29P has been extended to 8.2 MeV excitation energy. The excitation energies of 41 positive-parity states are reproduced by shell model calculations. The possible existence of aK π=5/2+ band with prolate deformation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414978
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape coexistence and other aspects of nuclear structure in40Ar (1983)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 313 (1983), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theγ-decay of40Ar has been studied by particle-γ-ray coincidence measurements in the37Cl(α, pγ) reaction at 12 and 13 MeV bombarding energy. Particle-γ-ray angular correlations and linear polarizations ofγ-rays were measured at 12 MeV. A lifetime measurement using the Doppler-shift attenuation method was performed at 11 MeV. The coexistence of spherical and deformed states in40Ar could be concluded from the observation of aK π=0+ rotational band which has itsI π=0+ through 6+ members at 2,121, 2,524, 3,515 and 4,959 KeV excitation energy. The intrinsic quadrupole moment derived fromB(E2) values is ∥Q 0∥=1,320 −120 +60 mb. Negative-parity states with high spin were observed at 4,858(5−), 4,494(5−), 4,226(4−) and 4,991 KeV(4−) excitation energy. A complete account of all levels below 5 MeV excitation energy is obtained by a model in which twod 3/2 proton holes couple weakly to the42Ca levels below 4.75 MeV excitation energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02115850
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the choice of relaxation coefficients for Davies' lateral boundary scheme for regional weather prediction models (1993)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 52 (1993), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Relaxation coefficients for Davies' lateral boundary scheme for limited-area numerical weather prediction models are constructed in such a way that, under idealized conditions, the unwanted partial reflection of outgoing waves (leaving the limited area) at the boundary is minimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025749
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homoplastische Transplantationen embryonaler Zellen in differenzierte Gewebe (1967)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 210-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intermediate mesoderm (8th–12th somite) of early tailbuds ofTriturus alpestris was transplanted into the lateral body wall of 12 mm larvae. The differentiation of opisthonephros tubules, primordial gonad and a new coelom was observed in 21 mm larvae 23 days after implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02136292
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precision of dual x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral computed tomography using mobile densitometry units (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mobile bone densitometry ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Peripheral QCT ; Long-term precision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Irrespective of the method used for noninvasive bone mass determination, data comparison between different centers is a major problem as significant interunit variation may occur. We, therefore, have employed mobile densitometry units to reduce interunit variability in two large epidemiologic studies in Germany. Two cars were equipped with either two dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instruments (QDR 1000 Hologic, USA) (car I) or a special purposed scanner for peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) (XCT 900, Stratec, FRG) (car II). The cars were moved across Germany 11,090 km and 1651 km during the studies over a period of 30 and 7 months, respectively. Precision in vitro was determined using hydroxyapatite phantoms. Forty-eight patients underwent duplicate measurements at the lumbar spine (n=22) and hip (n=26) for assessing reproducibility in vivo. Between the two series of scans, the car was moved 63 km. Long-term precision in vitro of the QDR 1000 instruments were 0.41% and 0.59% for BMD with no evidence of machine drift (rate of change per year 0.04% and 0.05%, respectively). Short-term reproductibility in vivo showed a coefficient of variation (cv) of 1.02% for spinal BMD (L2–L4) and 1.72% for femoral neck. Long-term precision in vitro of the pQCT scanner was 0.9%. Our study shows precision in vivo and in vitro and stability of the mobile densitometers similar to that achieved with stationary equipment. In conclusion, mobile densitometry may become a useful tool not only for epidemiologic surveys and clinical trials but also for routine evaluation in less densely populated areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301682
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine in German men and women: A cross-sectional study (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 350-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Reference range ; Exclusion criteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cross-sectional, population-based study of 238 randomly selected females and 224 males with German ethnic background (aged 20–80 years) was carried out to establish lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) values, using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), for a German population. Comparison was made to the reference range provided by the manufacturer of the DXA equipment. No sex difference in peak spine BMD was found in our study (1.091±0.114 g/cm2 for males versus 1.070±0.113 g/cm2 for females, n.s.). Different patterns of bone loss could be detected in both sexes. In premenopausal women there was no significant correlation between age and BMD (y = 1.044 + 0.00047x, r=0.03, P=0.73) whereas reduction of female BMD at the spine was demonstrated in postmenopausal women (y = 1.189−0.0041x, r=-0.28, P=0.01), underscoring the important role of the menopause for later manifestation of spinal osteoporosis in women. In contrast, in males we found no significant change of BMD with aging (y = 1.071−0.0007x, r=-0.08, P=0.25). Employing commonly used exclusion criteria, BMD values of the study subjects were found mostly within the normal range of BMD. The major finding of our study was good concordance between female data of our study population and the reference data provided by the manufacturer. Clinically significant discrepancies between our data and the Hologic reference range for males could be detected. Our data on males (30–39 years of age) were up to 7% lower than those provided by the manufacturer, probably due to differences in sampling procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301600
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