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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of endotoxin on membrane fatty acid composition in BCG-sensitized mice (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 472-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Endotoxin ; fatty acid ; phospholipid ; BCG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of endotoxin on mouse liver phospholipid fatty acid composition have been investigated. Administration of endotoxin fromSalmonella abortus equi led to a decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of livers from mice sensitized with Bacille Calmette Guérin (GCG). The content of arachidonic acid fell significantly in both the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol fractions whereas in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction the linoleic acid content was significantly reduced. The polyunsaturated fatty acids were replaced by increased amounts of oleic acid and palmitic acid, leading to a reduction in the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954235
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of methanol at copper surfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 37 (1996), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: methanol ; oxidation ; copper ; electron spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of preadsorbed oxygen present at Cu(111), Cu(110) and polycrystalline surfaces in the oxidation of methanol has been investigated by X-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopies. In addition to the well established formation of methoxy species and its subsequent decomposition and desorption as formaldehyde, a second reaction pathway to surface formate is present. The latter is temperature dependent being undetectable at 260 K at a polycrystalline surface but occurs at a significant rate at 295 K and above. The limitations of experimental data for methanol oxidation by temperature programmed desorption and molecular beam techniques are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813523
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen der Vorstadien der Knochenbildung mit Hilfe der normalen und elektronenmikroskopischen Electron Probe x-Ray Microanalysis (1967)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 142-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625115
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology of bone mineral crystals (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineral ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray diffraction ; Dark field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopical observations of the size and shape of bone mineral crystallites have not been in complete agreement with X-ray diffraction findings. The two prevalent viewpoints consider bone mineral crystals to be either rod, or plate like in habit. There appears to be agreement that the smallest dimension of the crystals is about 5 nm, but there is discrepancy in the reported c-axial lengths. The method of dark field imaging is used to obtain a quantitative measurement of the c-axial length distribution in rabbit, ox and human bone: mean c-axial lengths 32.6 nm, 36.2 nm and 32.4 nm, respectively, show no significant difference at the 5% level to the mean c-axial length measured by X-ray line broadening. Both bright and dark field images strongly suggest that bone mineral has a plate like form. Reasons for past discrepancies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010772
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved protocol for collecting mussel watch specimens taking into account sex, size, condition, shell shape, and chronological age (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was done to determine the relative effects of five variables (sex, soft tissue dry weight, condition index, width∶height ratio, chronological age) on the concentrations of 24 elements in the blue musselMytilus edulis and to develop an improved protocol for collecting mussels for biological monitoring programs. The five explanatory variables were treated as independent variables in a multiple regression equation with the individual element concentrations being included as the dependent variable. A multivariate test was also performed. An initial test showed that chronological ageper se had no significant effect on the concentrations of any of the elements; therefore, it was dropped from the equation. Condition index and soft tissue dry weight showed a high degree of negative association with element concentrations. This was explained as being due to growth rate differences (dilution effect). An improved condition index is suggested. Sex was also a major factor in determining element concentrations with the greatest effects being noted for manganese, copper, arsenic, and selenium (females greater than males). The width∶height ratio showed a lesser but significant positive effect on element concentrations which was also considered to be due to growth rate differences (dilution effect). It is recommended that mussels only be collected from sites with similar maximum shell lengths. To ensure similar growth rates, all mussels from all sites should be of similar shell length and approximately 70–90% of the maximum potential length observed at the particular site where collected. Preexamination of mussels at each site should be done to ensure that the average condition index and width:height ratio (shell shape) of the mussels to be collected are similar. It is preferable to collect mussels subtidally, if available, during the late winter before significant spawning activity. Separate composite samples of male versus female mussels should be analyzed. When the above protocol is not feasible, an alternate statistical method is suggested which will enhance the interpretability of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060364
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent taxonomic discoveries concerning the musselMytilus: Implications for biomonitoring (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 508-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The musselMytilus edulis has been widely used as a bioindicator of marine pollution. Because of its wide distribution around the world, it has been possible to establish a global “mussel watch” to monitor pollutants in the marine environment. Recent taxonomic discoveries based on studies of allozyme variation, however, have shown thatMytilus edulis is actually a complex consisting of three separate evolutionary lineages which deserve the ranks of separate species: 1) the AtlanticMytilus edulis 2)Mytilus galloprovincialis and 3)Mytilus trossulus. Many mussels previously classified asMytilus edulis can be reclassified as eitherMytilus galloprovincialis orMytilus trossulus. In the present study, specimens ofMytilus edulis andMytilus trossulus were collected from the same habitat and analyzed for the concentrations of 25 elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Mytilus trossulus had higher element concentrations thanMytilus edulis. Differences between the element concentrations of the two species were related to differences in growth rate rather than to any direct differences between the element metabolisms of the species. It is suggested that such differences could be corrected by standardizing the mussels to a fixed width/height ratio. In order to avoid errors in future monitoring programs, it is recommended that taxonomic variables should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059068
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A major factor contributing to the high degree of unexplained variability of some elements concentrations in biological tissue: 27 elements in 5 organs of the musselMytilus as a model (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 118-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has long been known that a high degree of “unexplained” residual variability can occur in the concentrations of some elements in some biological tissues. Until now, no reasons have been found for the presence of such high levels of variability. The present study describes a factor which can adequately explain this phenomenon. It was found that elements which are stored primarily in an insoluble form showed much higher degrees of variability than those stored in a soluble form. Elements found primarily in an insoluble form are often isolated from cellular metabolism including any regulatory processes and may build up to high levels in some individuals. The groups of elements showing the highest levels of residual variability were the heavy metals, lanthanides and actinides. These groups tended to be stored primarily in an insoluble form as determined by subcellular fractionation. The groups of elements showing the lowest levels of residual variability were the alkali metals and non-metals which were found to occur primarily in a soluble form in mussel tissue. The elements of the kidney generally had higher levels of residual variability than those of any other organ probably because of the kidney's ability to store high concentrations of elements in insoluble granules. A study of the behavior of aluminum in the digestive gland suggests that elements associated with insoluble granules of sediment passing through the gut could contribute to the residual variability of these elements. The highest levels of residual variability were observed for zinc, silver and lead in the kidney while the lowest for rubidium in the gills. A technique is described whereby elemental variability can be predicted from a single composite sample of tissue. This could be useful in biological indicator programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055566
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward dynamic separation without dynamic stall (1988)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 7 (1988), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Visualization of flow around a pitching airfoil with a rotating nose demonstrates the technically interesting concept of dynamic separation without dynamic stall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02332983
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medifoxamine after oral administration in healthy elderly volunteers (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Medifoxamine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; elderly volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and psychomotor effects of medifoxamine, a 5 HT reuptake inhibitory antidepressant, were studied in healthy elderly volunteers after single and multiple dosing. The elimination half life (t1/2z) after single doses of 300 mg was 2.8 h — almost identical to that found in young volunteers. After seven days of dosing at 100 mg three times daily the mean corrected AUC after 300 mg significantly increased from 1.04 to 1.34 mg.h.l−1 and t1/2z increased to 4.0 h (NS). There were no significant changes in critical flicker fusion frequency, symbol digit substitution, continuous attention or choice reaction times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199882
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between theophylline clearance and age in adult life (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; asthma ; clearance ; age ; adults ; elderly ; normal subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty three subjects (31 normal volunteers and 22 patients with asthma) between the ages of 20 and 87 years had their theophylline clearance measured. Volume of distribution (V) and terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) were also calculated in the volunteers who received i.v. theophylline. Although patients tended to have higher clearance values than volunteers, in both groups the oldest third had the lowest clearances. For the combined group (corrected for the patient effect) the oldest third (mean age 70 years) had a mean clearance of 0.53 versus 0.72 for the middle third (mean age 47 years) and 0.73 ml/min/kg CBW for the youngest third (mean age 26 years). There was no statistically significant age related change in V/kg CBW but t1/2 did rise with increasing age. Thus, although clearance does not fall with increasing age during younger adult life, there is a fall during late adult life becoming apparent in the seventh, eighth and ninth decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561019
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