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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the Calmodulin-induced Inhibition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor) by Sulfhydryl Oxidation in Single Channel Current Recordings and [3H]Ryanodine Binding (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 174 (2000), S. 105-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Skeletal muscle — Sarcoplasmic reticulum — Calcium release channel — Ryanodine receptor — Calmodulin — Sulfhydryl oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. The modulation of the calmodulin-induced inhibition of the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) by two sulfhydryl oxidizing compounds, 4-(chloromercuri)phenyl–sulfonic acid (4-CMPS) and 4,4′-dithiodipyridine (4,4′-DTDP) was determined by single channel current recordings with the purified and reconstituted calcium release channel from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (HSR) and [3H]ryanodine binding to HSR vesicles. 0.1 μm CaM reduced the open probability (P o ) of the calcium release channel at maximally activating calcium concentrations (50–100 μm) from 0.502 ± 0.02 to 0.137 ± 0.022 (n= 28), with no effect on unitary conductance. 4-CMPS (10–40 μm) and 4,4′-DTDP (0.1–0.3 mm) induced a concentration dependent increase in P o (〉 0.9) and caused the appearance of longer open states. CaM shifted the activation of the calcium release channel by 4-CMPS or 4,4′-DTDP to higher concentrations in single channel recordings and [3H]ryanodine binding. 40 μm 4-CMPS induced a near maximal (P o 〉 0.9) and 0.3 mm 4,4′-DTDP a submaximal (P o = 0.74) channel opening in the presence of CaM, which was reversed by the specific sulfhydryl reducing agent DTT. Neither 4-CMPS nor 4,4′-DTDP affected Ca-[125I]calmodulin binding to HSR. 1 mm MgCl2 reduced P o from 0.53 to 0.075 and 20–40 μm 4-CMPS induced a near maximal channel activation (P o 〉 0.9). These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of CaM or magnesium in a physiological concentration is diminished or abolished at high concentrations of 4-CMPS or 4,4′-DTDP through oxidation of activating sulfhydryls on cysteine residues of the calcium release channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002320001036
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grenzwerte der Klimaelemente auf der Erde (1925)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 13 (1925), S. 845-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01558863
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Besprechungen (1929)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 17 (1929), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01506411
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface stabilization and micelle formation in blends with a block copolymer (1990)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 268 (1990), S. 885-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerblends ; blockcopolymers ; compatibilizers ; phasemorphologies ; polymersolutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The phase separation behavior of ternary blends of two homopolymers, PMMA and PS, and a block copolymer of styrene and methylmethacrylate, P(S-b-MMA), was studied. The homopolymers were of equal chain length and were kept at equal amounts. Two copolymers were used with blocks of equal length, which exceeded or equaled that of the homopolymer chains. Varied was the copolymer contentf. Films were cast from toluene, which is a nonselective solvent. The morphologies of the cast films were compared with the structure of the critical fluctuations in solution, which were calculated in mean field approximation. The axis of blend compositionsf can be divided into parts of dominating macrophase and microphase separation. Above a transition concentrationf o, all copolymer chains are found in phase interfaces. Belowf o, part of them form micelles within the homopolymer phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01469366
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent-induced phase separation in polycarbonate blends PC/TMPC (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polycarbonates ; polymerblends ; polymersolutions ; neutronscattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Compatibility of the polycarbonates of bisphenol A (PC) and tetramethyl bisphenol A (TMPC) was studied in glassy films cast from CH2Cl2 at room temperature, and above the glass-transition temperature. Blends with different compositions and of different molecular weights were analyzed by DSC and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Solution studies were made with light scattering and microscopy. Some of the blend films were two-phased when cast at room temperature, but all films were one-phased in equilibrium above the glass transition. The SANS data demonstrated that phase separation in the cast films was not caused by inherent incompatibility of PC and TMPC, but was induced by the solvent CH2Cl2. The effect is caused by a closed miscibility gap in the ternary solution system PC/TMPC/CH2Cl2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654581
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenylene motion in polycarbonate and polycarbonate/additive mixtures (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 815-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Solid polymers ; molecular motion ; solid state NMR ; polycarbonate ; additives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Pulsed deuteron NMR line shapes have been analysed to characterize type and time scale of the phenylene group motion in glassy bisphenol-A polycarbonate. The motional mechanism involvesπ-flips about theC 1 C 4 axis augmented by small angle fulctuations about the same axis, reaching a rms amplitude of ±35
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418458
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase separation in blends of two homopolymers and a diblock copolymer during film casting (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymer blends ; block copolymers ; phase morphologies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Demixing during film casting of blends of polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, and a symmetric diblock copolymer of styrene and methylmethacrylate is discussed. The concentration fluctuations in the homogeneous solutions were calculated in mean field approximation. The structures in the homogeneous and demixed solutions and in the dry films were measured by small-angle x-ray scattering, and the morphologies of the dry films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the dry blends is evidently already pre-formed in solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658838
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy on tree-like crystals in polyvinylidene fluoride blends (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 2305-2312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), in homogeneous blends with an amorphous polymer under specific conditions, forms crystals with a tree-like architecture. Tree-like crystals have a loose fractal structure of crystalline branches which are impregnated with the amorphous polymer. In a previous study, this spectacular morphology was investigated in blends of PVDF and a random copolymer of styrene and methylmethacrylate (SMMA, 13% wt/wt styrene) by light microscopy. The crystal growth was interpreted in terms of a rate competition of crystallization and interdiffusion. The submicroscopic structure of tree-like PVDF spherulites has now been characterized by atomic force microscopy. Surface profiles were prepared by etching PVDF/SMMA blend films with toluene. The tree-like spherulites proved to be less disordered than expected. Their core consists of a compact array of lamellae, the planes of which are periodically twisted, producing a ring pattern. Near the crystallizing front, branches grow, separated from each other, into the amorphous phase. They are internally as compact as the core, but are covered by a loose fur of disordered lamellae. The tree-like appearance of these crystals comes from frequent splitting of the branches into twigs. Crystallographic bifurcation as in dendritic crystals was not observed. At interfaces between two tree-like crystals, the lamellae form patterns of backfolding. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004387304385
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  • 9
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    Phenylene motion in polycarbonate and polycarbonate/additive mixtures (1987)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Solvent-induced phase separation in polycarbonate blends PC/TMPC (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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