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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of 46,XY females and regional assignment of a new Y-chromosome-specific probe (1989)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 83 (1989), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between Y-chromosome abnormalities and gonadal differentiation was investigated in six phenotypic females with a 46,XY karyotype and one patient with ambiguous genitalia secondary to apparently nonmosaic 46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis. No alterations were found in the Y chromosomes of six of these individuals by the use of either cytogenetic or molecular techniques. Cytogenetic analysis with high-resolution G-banding and Q-banding revealed a small deletion in the short arm of the Y chromosome in one female patient with some features of Turner syndrome. Southern hybridization with Y-specific probes showed a loss of DNA within deletion intervals 1, 2, and 3 of the Y chromosome. A new Y-chromosome-specific DNA probe that hybridizes to deletion interval 3 is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274156
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A test of the characteristic function and the Harsanyi function in N-person normal form sidepayment games (1987)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 23 (1987), S. 161-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of a laboratory experiment investigating sidepayment games represented in normal form. Attempts to predict payoff allocations via the application of solution concepts (such as the Shapley value or the nucleolus) encounter a problem in games of this form, because the game must first be transformed into some other form. Commonly, this other form is a set function defined over coalitions, such as the von Neumann-Morgenstern characteristic function. Because there are numerous possible transformations, the question arises as to which one provides the most accurate basis for prediction of payoffs. The laboratory experiment tested three such transformations - the mixed strategy characteristic function, the pure strategy characteristic function, and the Harsanyi threat function. Payoff predictions from two solution concepts (Shapley value, nucleolus) were computed on the basis of each of these transformations, making a total of six theories under test. Results of the study show, in general, that payoff predictions based on the Harsanyi threat function and on the mixed strategy characteristic function were more accurate than those based on the pure strategy characteristic function. The most accurate theories were the Shapley value computed from the Harsanyi function, the nucleolus computed from the Harsanyi function, and the Shapley value computed from the mixed strategy characteristic function. Less accurate were the nucleolus computed from the mixed strategy characteristic function and both the nucleolus and the Shapley value computed from the pure strategy characteristic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126304
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  • 3
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    A desktop magnetic resonance imaging system (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0968-5243
    Electronic ISSN: 1352-8661
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Book reviews (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0891-2556
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-5212
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Molecular analysis of 46,XY females and regional assignment of a new Y-chromosome-specific probe (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-6717
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1203
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial biomass and community structure of a phase-separated methanogenic reactor determined by lipid analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Acetogenesis ; Biomarkers ; Cluster analysis ; Fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An anaerobic phase-separation biomass reactor was established on cellulose with the hydrolysis and fermentation steps occurring in the first stage, and acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the second stage. Based upon lipid biomarker analysis, eubacterial and eukaryotic cells accounted for approximately 6% of the volatile solids of the first stage and 17% of the second, while methanogens were approximately 1% of the volatile solids in the first stage and 9% of the second. Clustering the polar lipid fatty acids into groups based upon their distributions between the two stages of the reactor clarified the differences in community structure caused by phase-separated operation. Although inoculated from the same source, the two stages maintained very different microbial communities. Signature fatty acids known as indicators of unbalanced growth in eubacteria were significantly higher in the first stage of the reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569623
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical analysis of DNA fingerprint data for ordered clone physical mapping of human chromosomes (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 53 (1991), S. 853-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A statistical framework is proposed for analysing DNA fingerprint data from experiments aimed at constructing ordered clone physical maps of chromosomes. The fingerprint data consists of the lengths and hybridization states of restriction digest fragments and the paper develops a solution to the fundamental problem of deciding whether or not two randomly selected clones overlap. Overlap probabilities are calculated using Bayes’ rule together with appropriate statistical descriptions of the chromosome and experimental procedure. The analysis is flexible, allowing a variety of assumptions to account for experimental errors and difficulties, such as unobserved fragments. The approach described here provides a basis for predicting the rate of progress of an experimental protocol and hence for comparing alternate protocols. It is readily generalized to related problems with a wide range of possible data. Results are presented for the clone mapping protocol currently being employed at Los Alamos National Laboratory on human chromosome 16
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461488
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the true intraocular pressure and modulus of elasticity of the human cornea in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 551-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the true intraocular pressure and modulus of elasticity of the human cornea in vivo. The cornea was modeled as a shell, and the equations for the deformations of a shell due to applanating and intraocular pressures were combined to model the behavior of the cornea during applanation tonometry. At certain corneal dimensions called the calibration dimensions, the applanating and intraocular pressures are considered to be equal. This relationship was used to determine the modulus of elasticity of the cornea and the relationship between the applanating and intraocular pressures. The true intraocular pressure (IOPT) was found to be related to Goldmann’s applanating pressure (IOPG) as (IOPT = IOPG/K, where K is a correction factor. For the calibration corneal thickness of 0.52 mm, the modulus of elasticity E in MPa of the human cornea was found to be related to the true intraocular pressure IOPT in mmHg as E = 0.0229IOPT. The generalization of the Imbert—Fick law that takes into account the effect of corneal dimensions and stiffness was found to be given by IOPT = 73.5W/(K A), where W is the applanating weight in gf (gram force) and A is the applanated area in mm2. The calculated true intraocular pressure and modulus of elasticity were found to agree with published experimental results. The mathematical model developed may therefore be used to improve results from applanation tonometry and to estimate the mechanical property of the cornea in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1999.0102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial metabolism and detoxification of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1988), S. 211-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Microbial metabolism ; Fungi ; 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ; Cunninghamella elegans ; Syncephalastrum racemosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Six strains of fungi grown on Sabouraud dextrose broth in the presence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were surveyed for their ability to metabolize DMBA. Experiments with [14C]DMBA indicated that the extent of formation of organic-soluble metabolites ranged from 6 to 28% after 5 days of incubation, depending on the organism tested. The yields of water-soluble metabolites also varied, and ranged from 1 to 33% after 5 days.Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 andSyncephalastrum racemosum UT-70 exhibited the highest DMBA-metabolizing activity among the organisms surveyed.S. racemosum metabolized DMBA primarily to 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-OHM-12-MBA)_ and 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-diOHMBA). Minor metabolites included 7-OHM-12-MBA-trans-5,6-, 8,9- and 10,11-dihydrodiols, and glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of phenolic derivatives of DMBA. In contrast, the major DMBA metabolites produced byC. elegans were water-soluble. The predominant organic-soluble metabolites produced byC. elegans included 7-OHM-12-MBA-trans-5,6-, 8,9- and 10,11-dihydrodiols. DMBA-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol was also detected. Circular dichroism spectral analysis revealed that the major enantiomer of the 7-OHM-12-MBA-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol formed by each organism has anS,S absolute configuration, while the major enantiomers of the 5,6-, 10,11- and 3,4-dihydrodiols had anR,R configuration. The mutagenic activity of extracts fromS. racemosum exposed to DMBA were determined inSalmonella typhimurium TA98. The mutagenicity of DMBA decreased by 36% over a period of 5 days as 33% of the compound was metabolized. Comparison of these results with previously reported results in mammalian systems suggests that there are similarities and differences between the fungal and mammalian oxidation of DMBA and that the overall balance of fungal metabolism is towards a detoxification rather than a bioactivation pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569579
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological activity of a transforming growth factor-alpha-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein in vitro and in vivo (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; Exotoxin ; Cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα)-pseudomonas exotoxin-40 (PE40) is a chimeric protein consisting of an N-terminal TGFα domain fused to a C-terminal 40-kDa segment of the pseudomonas exotoxin A protein. TGFα-PE40 exhibits the receptor binding activity of TGFα and the cell killing activity of PE40. In the current study, we report that a modified TGFα-PE40 derivative significantly prolongs the survival of nude mice bearing tumors derived from cell lines which express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In addition, the therapeutic benefit of this protein is mediated by specific binding to the EGF receptor. These results indicate that a therapeutic window exists in vivo for the use of some growth factor-toxin fusion proteins as anticancer agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575884
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