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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antennal warm and cold receptors of the cave beetle,Speophyes lucidulus delar., in sensilla with a lamellated dendrite (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 143 (1981), S. 443-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological examination of the 2 black-hair sensilla on the antennae of both larval stages of the cave beetle,Speophyes lucidulus, has revealed in each a pair of antagonistic thermal receptors (Fig. 1). Each sensillum was known to house the dendrites of 2 sensory cells which are associated with the extensively lamellated dendrite of a third (Corbière-Tichané 1971). One unit, a cold receptor, responds to temperature drops of 1 to 7 °C from initial temperatures between 9 and 14 °C with impulse frequencies up to 200 imp/s (Figs. 3, 4). Its antagonist, encountered less than 10% as often, is a warm receptor which responds with similar impulse frequencies to rapid rises in temperature from the same 9–14 °C (Figs. 3, 6). As indicated by the average gain of 24 imp/s for an increase of 1 °C in temperature drop, the cold unit appears almost twice as sensitive to sudden temperature change as the warm unit (14 (imp/s) °C). Examination of response scatter indicates that the average cold unit should on the basis of a single pair of responses be able to designate the greater of two temperature drops between 1 and 7 °C with 90% probability when they differ by 0.7 °C (Fig. 5). Though not yet definitive, evidence is accumulating that the third physiological unit is a dry air receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609911
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen peroxide accumulation in Medicago truncatula roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming fungus Glomus intraradices (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Glomus ; H2O2 synthesis ; Medicago ; Plant defence ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining technique was used to examine the accumulation of H2O2 in parts of roots of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)-forming fungus Glomus intraradices Schenk and Smith. At the cellular level, the combination of bright-field and fluorescence microscopy revealed that a brownish stain, indicative of H2O2 accumulation was present within cortical root cells in the space occupied by arbuscules. Accumulation of H2O2 was especially pronounced in cells containing arbuscules that were clumped and less branched. Moreover, H2O2 accumulated around hyphal tips attempting to penetrate a host cell. In contrast, no H2O2 accumulation was observed in hyphal tips growing along the middle lamella, or in appressoria or vesicles. On the basis of these findings we suggest that a locally restricted oxidative burst is involved in the temporal and spatial control of the intracellular colonization of M. truncatula cells by the AM-forming fungus G. intraradices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050565
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antennal thermal receptors of the cave beetle,Speophyes lucidulus Delar (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 153 (1983), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 8 and 14 °C, a range which includes temperatures of caves inhabited bySpeophyes lucidulus Delar, the cold receptor associated with antennal black-hair sensilla in the larvae of this eyeless beetle (Fam. Catopidae) responds to rates of temperature change between −0.007 and +0.007 °C/s with impulse frequencies usually between 0.3 and 12 imp/s (Figs. 1, 2, 5). At a given temperature frequency tends to be higher during cooling than during warming, with an average differential sensitivity of −6 (imp/s)/(0.01 °C/s), or −600 (imp/s)/(°C/s) (Fig. 3). The response is also effected by instantaneous temperature. At a given rate of temperature change the lower the temperature, the higher the frequency, with an average differential sensitivity of −5.3 (imp/s)/ °C (Fig. 4). Because impulse frequency is a continuously decreasing function of both temperature and its rate of change in the ranges encountered roughly 7 m from entrances to caves where the beetle has been found, cooling there is indicated by high and rising frequencies and warming by low and falling frequencies. A comparison of these results with those suggested forPeriplaneta americana (Loftus 1969) indicates that of the two,Speophyes' cold receptor is 8 times more sensitive to ambient temperature and a least 3 times more sensitive to low rate of temperature change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612588
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of antennal cold receptors of the catopid beetles,Speophyes lucidulus Delar. andCholera angustata Fab. to very slowly changing temperature (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 161 (1987), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antennal cold cells in larval ‘black-hair’ sensilla of the cave beetle,Speophyes lucidulus Delar., clearly respond to rates of temperature change 5 to 10 times lower than any tested on insect cold cells so far: often below 0.0005° C/s or 2° C/h. At a given ambient temperature between 11° C and 15° C, cold-cell impulse frequency was higher when temperature was falling at these rates than when it was rising at them in every one of the twelve cells examined. The mean differential sensitivity to the rate of change was -3340±1071 (imp/s)/(° C/s), in each case two to 5 times greater (sign ignored) than in any cold cell observed previously (Loftus 1969; Corbière-Tichané and Loftus 1983). The differential sensitivity to ambient temperature,-6.8 (imp/s)/° C, was statistically indistinguishable, on the other hand, from the earlier values forSpeophyes. Antennal cold cells of six first-stage larvae of another Catopid beetle,Choleva angustata Fab., displayed very similar responses to the same stimuli. Its mean differential sensitivities were -8.1+3.9 (imp/s)/° C to ambient temperature and-3790+2190 (imp/s)/(° C/s) to the rate of temperature change. UnlikeSpeophyes this beetle spends only part of its life cycle in caves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603965
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure du labium de la larve du Speophyes lucidulus delarouzeei (Coleoptera, Catopidae) (1969)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1969), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We successively examined the two main parts of the labium: the ligula and the palps. The organs located on the ligula have a simple innervation and may represent various types of mechanoreceptors. The palps are crowned by 13 different sensilla which have various receptions (mechanoreception, olfaction, gustation). Several described sensilla hold an unknown function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298714
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure du labre des larves du Speophyes lucidulus (Delarouzeei), coléoptère cavernicole de la sons-famille des bathysciinae (Coleoptera, Catopidae) (1970)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 86-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sensorial equipment of the labrum consists of mechanical receptors with simple innervation (sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica and sensilla campaniformia) and sensory pores innerved by one or several neurons the functions of which are probably gustatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280717
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure de l'organe sensoriel apical de l'antenne chez l'Isopode terrestreMetoponorthus sexfasciatus Budde-Lund (Crustacea, Isopoda) (1976)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 83 (1976), S. 253-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'organe sensoriel apical de l'antenne deMetoponorthus a été étudié en microscopie électronique à balayage et par transmission. Il comporte un corps central à la base duquel sont articulées deux longues soies latérales et qui se termine par une touffe de soies très courtes. Les soies de la touffe terminale sont innervées par 4 à 12 neurones bipolaires. Les dendrites traversent le corps central puis pénètrent dans la lumière des soies sans se ramifier. Ils communiquent avec l'extérieur par un pore terminal assez gros. Parmi les dendrites certains paraissent assurer une fonction mécanoréceptrice. Des structures cuticulaires en forme d'écaille protègent la partie terminale des soies du côté axial. Les deux longues soies latérales sont innervées par 5 neurones bipolaires: 4 dendrites pénètrent dans la lumière de la soie; le 5ème, mécanorécepteur, s'arrête au niveau de l'articulation de la soie sur le corps central. La structure fine de cet organe sensoriel apical correspond à celle des chémo-récepteurs de contact connus chez d'autres Arthropodes. Une comparaîson est faite avec les chémorécepteurs de Crustacés marins et terrestres. Chez les formes terrestres on observe un raccourcissement de la partie libre des soies, ainsi qu'une orientation des pores du côté exposé aux stimuli extérieurs. Chez l'Isopode terrestreMetoponorthus étudié dans ce travail, les très courtes soies terminales dépassent à peine du corps central. Le développement des structures cuticulaires au sommet des soies et la tendance des soies à s'intégrer en un organe unique (corps central de l'organe sensoriel) sont autant de spécialisations pour le renforcement de ces soies et leur protection contre la dessication.
    Notes: Summary The apical sensory organ on the antenna ofMetoponorthus was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It consists of a tuft of very short terminal hairs which prolongs a central body and two long lateral hairs which are articulated on the central body of the sensory organ. Hairs from the terminal tuft are innervated by 4 to 12 bipolar neurons. The dendritic cilia proceed through the axial body and then enter the lumen of hairs without branching. Dendrites in each hair communicate with environment through a rather wide terminal opening. It is suggested that some dendrites are mechanoreceptive. Scale-like cuticular structures protect the terminal part of the hairs, on the inner side that is not exposed to outer stimuli. The two long lateral hairs are innervated by 5 bipolar neurons: 4 dendrites enter the hair lumen while one, mechanoreceptive, terminates in the socket membrane. The fine structure of this apical sensory organ corresponds to that of known contact chemoreceptors in other Arthropods. A comparison is made with known chemo-receptors in marine and terrestrial Crustacea. In terrestrial forms it can be observed that the hairs become shorter. On the other hand the hair surfaces which are not exposed to outer stimuli show a thickened cuticule. In the terrestrial IsopodMetoponorthus (studied in the present work) the very short terminal hairs barely project past the central body. The development of the cuticular structures at the tip of the hairs and the tendancy of the hairs to be integrated into a single organ (central body of the sensory organ) represent so many adaptations for protection and reduction of evaporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993512
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure des organes chordotonaux des pièces céphaliques chez la larve du Speophyes lucidulus delar (coléoptère cavernicole de la sous-famille des bathysciinae) (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 275-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chordotonal organ ; Insects ; Head appendages ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les organes chordotonaux présents dans les différentes pièces céphaliques de la larve du Speophyes peuvent être classés en deux catégories. La première catégorie regroupe les récepteurs scolopidiaux de l'antenne, du labium et du palpe maxillaire. On peut les comparer au scolopidium de l'organe tympanique du Criquet décrit par Gray (1960). La deuxième catégorie comprend les récepteurs scolopidiaux de la mandibule et de la lacinia: ils sont du amphinématique. Le sensille scolopidial de la galea représente un type intermédiaire. Nous signalons l'importance des structures de soutien et de fixation, qui doivent permettre une bonne transmission de toutes les déformations et tensions subies par le tégument. Nous discutons du rôle joué par la ≪gap junction≫ qui unit les deux dendrites dans les scolopidium. de la deuxième catégorie. Enfin nous essayons d'établir des hypothèses sur le fonctionnement des scolopidium.
    Notes: Summary The chordotonal organs located in the various head appendages of the Speophyes larva, can be divided into two classes. The scolopidial receptors of the antenna, the labium and the palpus maxillae belong to the first class. They can be compared to the scolopidium of the locust tympanic organ described by Gray.—The second class contains the scolopidial receptors of the mandible and the lacinia: their type is amphinematic. The scolopidial sensilla of the galea represents an intermediate type. We demonstrate many supporting and fixation structures which probably allow a good transmission of all the deformations and strains affecting the tegument. The function of the gap junction which connects the two dendrites in the scolopidia of the second class is discussed. Finally we try to formulate hypothesis of the functioning of scolopidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330742
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensilles énigmatiques de l'antenne de certains Coléoptères (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 9-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Speophyes (Coleoptera) ; Antennae ; Function ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nos recherches au microscope électronique portent sur une structure nerveuse en lamelles découverte pour la première fois dans l'antenne duSpeophyes, qu'on étudie comparativement chez les Coléoptères hypogés et épigés. Nous constatons qu'elle existe à l'extrémité de l'antenne chez toutes les espèces cavernicoles de l'échantillon examiné ainsi que chez plusieurs espèces épigées. Nous n'avons pas rencontré cet organe à l'extrémité de l'antenne de trois espèces épigées; nous ne pouvons cependant pas affirmer qu'il n'existe pas, les articles inférieurs de l'antenne n'ayant pas été examinés. Son plus grand développement chez les espèces cavernicoles laisse supposer une fonction plus spécifiquement adaptée à ce milieu. La structure fine de ces lamelles présentant une étroite similitude avec celle des photorécepteurs, nous avons émis l'hypothèse d'une sensibilité à des rayonnements présents dans la grotte, par exemple au rayonnement infrarouge. Il faut souligner que la nature ciliaire de ces structures est en désaccord avec l'appartenance de l'Insecte à la lignée rhabdomérique.
    Notes: Summary The lamellated nervous system discovered in the antennae of the beetleSpeophyes, has been comparatively investigated in various hypogeous and epigeous species. It was found in almost all of the species studied in the tip of the antennae. It was, however, not detected in a few of the epigeous forms. Its extensive development in the cave develling species suggests a specific function in this particular environment. The fine structure of the lamellae is closely comparable to that of photosensory cells. Therefore it is assumed that they serve a similar function, i. e. the perception of infrared radiation in the caves. Its ciliary nature does not correspond to the rhabdomeric structure of insect eyes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582757
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure de l'équipement sensoriel de la mandibule chez la larve duSpeophyes lucidulus Delar. (Coléoptère cavernicole de la sous-famille desBathysciinae) (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insects ; Sensory Apparatus ; Mandible ; Speophyes lucidulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'organisation sensorielle de la mandibule de la larve duSpeophyes lucidulus est étudiée au microscope électronique. L'équipement sensoriel est remarquablement homogène puisqu'il ne comprend que des mécanorécepteurs: — récepteurs tactiles, comme les sensilles trichoïdes du bord externe de la mandibule, — propriocepteurs, comme les sensilles campaniformes d'une part et les récepteurs scolopidiaux d'autre part, qui sont les plus abondants. Ceux-ci se terminent dans les zones de la mandibule qui sont le plus fortement soumises à des tensions et des déformations lors des mouvements mandibulaires. Ces récepteurs présentent en outre certaines caractéristiques morphologiques originales que nous décrivons.
    Notes: Summary The sensorial organization of the mandible of theSpeophyes lucidulus larva is studied by means of electron microscopy. This sensorial apparatus is remarkably homogeneous, i.e. it includes only mechanoreceptors: — tactile receptors such as trichoide sensillae in the external edge of the mandible, — proprioceptors such as campaniform sensillae and scolopidia which are the more numerous. The latter, end in the zone of the mandible which are widely concerned with strains and deformations during mandibular movements. Furthermore, these receptors present certain original morphological features which are described below.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665626
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