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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, expression and characterization of l-aspartate β-decarboxylase gene from Alcaligenes faecalis CCRC 11585 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 25 (2000), S. 132-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Alcaligenes faecalis; l-aspartate β-decarboxylase gene; sequence; expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: l -Aspartate β-decarboxylase (Asd) is an important enzyme to produce l-alanine and d-aspartate. The genomic library of Alcaligenes faecalis CCRC 11585 was cloned into pBK-CMV and transformed into Escherichia coli. One clone, which carried the asd gene and expressed Asd activity, was isolated and chosen for further study. PBK-asdAE1 was subcloned and its sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame, consisting of 1599 bp, that encodes a 533-amino-acid polypeptide. The nucleotide sequence of the asd gene from A. faecalis CCRC 11585 (asdA) showed 84% identity with that from Pseudomonas dacunhae CCRC 12623, and the amino acid sequence showed 93% identity. The amino acid sequence of the AsdA showed 51–58% homology with various aminotransferases. Alignment of the AsdA with several aspartate or tyrosine aminotransferases revealed 17 conserved amino acids that appeared in most of the conserved amino acid residues within the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) binding domains of aminotransferases. Furthermore, the asdA gene was cloned into expression vector pET-21a and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). A protein band sized at 61 kDa is present on the SDS-PAGE gel from the intracellular soluble form of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-asdA. The specific activities of the pET-AsdA purified by using His-Bind chromatography is 215 U/mg at 45°C and pH 5.0, which is 1000-fold higher than that of the A. faecalis crude extract. This is the first report of an asdA gene sequence from A. faecalis and represents the potential application of a recombinant AsdA for production of l-alanine or d-aspartic acid. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 132–140.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000043
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical reduction of benzaldehyde using Pt-Pb/Nafion® as electrode (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 434-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical reduction of benzaldehyde using Pt-Pb/Nafion® as electrode without supporting electrolyte in the liquid organic phase was investigated. A novel Pt-Pb/Nafion® electrode was prepared for the electrolysis of the organic compound in this solid polymer electrolyte (SPEO) system. A reaction mechanism is proposed. No benzyl alcohol was produced using fresh Nafion® as electrode. The selectivity of benzyl alcohol using Pt-Pb/Nafion® as an electrode was almost 100% and only a trace of hydrobenzoin byproduct was found in the catholyte. The optimum faradic yield of benzyl alcohol was 18.70 g F−1. The primary factors affecting the current efficiency or faradic yield of the cathodic reduction of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol were cell voltage, solvent and temperature. The use of a Pt-Pb/Nafion® electrode in a SPE® system for the electrochemical reduction of benzaldehyde was found to be a feasible technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect anodic oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone in a slurry electrolyte system in the presence of both surfactant and redox mediator (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 743-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The anodic oxidation of anthracene has been studied in a slurry electrolyte containing both the redox mediator, Mn3+/Mn2+, and surfactant, dodecyl-benzene-sulphonate (DBS). The reaction mechanism, kinetics and the factors which affect the current efficiency of anthraquinone production were explored. Both the experimental results and the theoretical analysis show that the reaction is second order, i.e. first order with respect to Mn3+ and DBS, when the concentration of DBS is less than 1.64×10−4M and is first order with respect to Mn3+ only when the DBS concentration is larger than 1.64×10−4M. No anthraquinone was found in the absence of DBS. The main factors affecting the current efficiency of the anodic oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone in the presence of both Mn3+/Mn2+ and DBS are H2SO4 concentration, current density, anthracene particle size, concentration of DBS and redox mediator as well as temperature. The current efficiency is slightly affected by the concentration of DBS and agitation rate when the concentration of DBS and agitation rate are higher than 1.64×10−4M and 700 r.p.m., respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paired electro-oxidation Part II: Production of anthraquinone in an undivided cell (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 1259-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone by the anodically generated oxidant V5+ and both V5+ and · OH free radicals generated cathodically was carried out simultaneously in an undivided cell. Both the yield and selectivity of anthraquinone by paired electro-oxidation are higher than that by anodic oxidation only. The maximum total current efficiency for anthraquinone production in the paired electro-oxidation was 151%. A process for anthraquinone production using an undivided cell electrolyser is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234809
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paired electrooxidation Part III: Production ofn-butyric acid fromn-butanol (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 543-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of poly(N,N,N-trimethyl–N-2-methacryloxyethyl) ammonium chloride initiated by anodically generated Sn2+ cation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: quaternary ammonium polymer ; sacrificial anode method ; Sn2+ cation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cationic polymerization of N,N,N-trimethyl–N-2-methacryl oxyethyl ammonium chloride (DMAEM-MC) was studied using a new synthesis technique and new initiator system, Sn2+. The Sn2+ was produced by the electrolysis of a sacrificial anode. The polymer was prepared in a batch reactor using only Sn material as electrodes. Factors affecting the conversion and average molecular weight of the polymer by electrolysis were obtained. On the one hand, the results indicated that the agitation rate, initial pH, current density and assembly of electrodes significantly affected both conversion and polymer molecular weight. On the other hand, temperature and monomer concentration were minor factors in the electropolymerization, while these two factors were the major factors in conventional chemical methods. The optimal pHi and agitation rate were 5.50 and 0 rpm, respectively. The reaction rate increased with current density; however, the current efficiency decreased with increase in current density. The results also revealed that the optimum reaction temperature and monomer concentration were 25 ∘C and 0.73 m, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003442620442
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the anodic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in dichloromethane in the presence of redox mediator and phase transfer catalyst (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 20 (1990), S. 978-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the anodic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the two-phase system involving both, the redox mediator, OCl−/Cl−, and a phase transfer catalyst were investigated. The reaction order of the anodic oxidation of chloride ion in the aqueous phase was unity. The charge-transfer parameters, α,k 2 0 and the exchange current density,i 0, of the anodic oxidation of chloride ion in the aqueous phase were obtained. The theoretical model calculations correlated well with experimental data. The fractions of anodic surface covered by the aqueous phase were evaluated to be 0.89, 0.61, and 0.23 when the organic-to-aqueous volume ratios were 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019575
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in the presence of both redox mediator and polymer-supported phase-transfer catalyst (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 966-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Using a polymer-supported phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) and a redox mediator, Cl−/OCl−, the anodic oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied. The polymer support used in this study was synthesized by the method of suspension polymerization. The results revealed that on decreasing the crosslinking and increasing the content of chloromethylstyrene in the polymer support, the number of phase transfer active sites, tri-n-butylphosphine, in the polymer-supported PTC increased. The anodic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the presence of the redox mediator, Cl−/OCl−, and polymer-supported PTC occurred in the reaction controlled region when the stirring rate exceeded 400 r.p.m. The results also revealed that the current efficiency for the anodic oxidation of benzyl alcohol was mainly affected by the characteristics and weight of the polymer-supported PTC, the pH, and the concentration of benzyl alcohol. However, the temperature affected the current efficiency only slightly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024145
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local elastodynamic stresses in the unit cell of a woven fabric composite (2000)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 70 (2000), S. 423-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Impact behavior ; stress waves ; stress concentrations ; woven fabric composites ; integral transforms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A theoretical study of the local elastodynamic stresses of woven fabric composites under dynamic loadings is presented in this article. The analysis focuses on the unit cell of an orthogonal woven fabric composite, which is composed of two sets of mutually orthogonal yarns of either the same fiber (nonhybrid fabric) or different fibers (hybrid fabric) in a matrix material. Using the mosaic model for simplifying woven fabric composites and a shear lag approach to account for the inter-yarn deformation, a one-dimensional analysis has been developed to predict the local elastodynamic and elastostatic behavior. The initial and boundary value problems are formulated and then solved using Laplace transforms. Closed form solutions of the dynamic displacements and stresses in each yarn and the bond shearing stresses at the interfaces between adjacent yarns are obtained in the time domain for any type of in-plane impact loadings. When time tends to infinity, the dynamic solutions approach to their corresponding static solutions, which are also developed in this article. Solutions of certain special cases are identical to those reported in the literature. Lastly, the dynamic stresses and bond shearing stresses of plain weave composites subjected to step uniform impacts are presented and discussed as an example of the general analytical model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004199900076
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spot formation at the anode of high intensity arcs (1973)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 6 (1973), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein vereinfachtes analytisches Modell vorgeschlagen, das eine Beschreibung der Zone zwischen einer ebenen, gekühlten, nicht verdampfenden Anode und einer senkrecht dazu brennenden Bogensäule gestattet. Dieses Modell zieht eine anfängliche Einschnürung des Lichtbogens, die durch die niedrige Anodentemperatur verursacht wird, in Betracht („Thermischer Pincheffekt“). Der daraus folgende magnetische Pincheffekt saugt kaltes Gas an und die entsprechende thermische Bilanz bestimmt dann die endgültige Form des Lichtbogens im Anodengebiet. Die Erhaltungsgleichungen werden für das Anodengebiet mit einer Relaxationsmethode numerisch gelöst und Ergebnisse, die sich auf einen Stickstoffbogen bei Atmosphärendruck beziehen, werden dargestellt. Schließlich werden die begrenzte Gültigkeit dieses Modells und notwendige Verbesserungen kurz diskutiert. Mögliche Ausweitungen des Lichtbogenparameterbereichs für zukünftige Arbeiten werden ebenfalls erwähnt.
    Notes: Abstract A simple analytical model is proposed which describes the region between a plane, cooled nonablating anode and an arc column normal to the anode The model takes an initial arc contraction into account due to the low temperature of the anode (“thermal pinch”). The resulting magnetic pinch effect leads to an entrainment of cold gas which determines via an energy balance the final shape of the arc in the anode region. The conservation equations are solved numerically for the anode region with a relaxation method, and results are presented based on atmospheric arcs in nitrogen. Finally, limitations of this model and necessary refinements are briefly discussed; possible extensions of the arc parameter range for future work are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01817971
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