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  • 1
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    Wear and Corrosion Resistances of Active Screen Plasma-Nitrided Duplex Stainless Steels (2019)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-22
    Print ISSN: 1059-9495
    Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of X-ray microanalysis to study of the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A semi-quantitative procedure is described, which allows the evaluation of expression levels of endothelial adhesion molecules on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). As a model two adhesion molecules, E-selection (CD62E; ELAM-1/endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CD54), were localized by the use of the silver-enhancement colloidal gold method after stimulation of HUVEC with endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or a phorbol ester (PMA). The analysis was performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV with scanned areas of 200×400 μm. The semi-quantitative data indicated that in LPS-treated groups both adhesion molecules were expressed at a significantly higher level than in all other groups (P〈0.01). In addition, after a 4 h treatment the expression levels of E-selectin in all groups were higher compared to ICAM-1. The experimental data from X-ray microanalysis were compared with data obtained from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and similar values were found for both types of preparation. This microanalytical method is relatively simple and seems to be suitable for immunogold labelling studies on different types of endothelial cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268904
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical detection of sulphonylated DNA in tissue sections (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report here on a new sensitive and highly specific DNA staining technique which we have called sulpho-DNA staining. DNA staining is based on a sulphonylation reaction of 2′-deoxycytidine or cytidine that takes place in the 6th position of cytosine with ensuing immunodetection of the sulphonylated DNA. The specificity of DNA staining is introduced by the use of an antibody recognizing only modified DNA but not modified RNA, by recourse to an additional acid hydrolysis step which destroys RNA but not DNA. We describe here the optimal conditions for the sulphonylation of DNA using O-methylhydroxylamine and metabisulphite as reactants. The new DNA stain labels all nuclei in either normal human tissue or in tumor cells. For nuclear DNA the staining signal is higher for the sulpho-DNA staining than for the Feulgen staining for nuclear DNA. This new DNA staining technique is suitable for use on tissue sections as well as on cytosmears.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315972
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative and localized element analysis in cross-sections of spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles with different degrees of damage (1991)
    Springer
    Trees 5 (1991), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Element content ; Element distribution ; Forest decline ; Micro-PIXE ; Picea abies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Proton-induced X-ray microanalysis (micro-PIXE) permits the simultaneous determination of the content and the distribution of elements with atomic numbers higher than Z = 13 in biological samples. This method was used to investigate element content and localization in cross-sections of 6-month-old spruce needles. It was possible to detect the elements silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron and zinc in semithin (10 μm) sections of the needles. The localization of the cationic elements like potassium, calcium and manganese was determined in the one-dimensional line scan mode and in the two-dimensional raster scan mode. To demonstrate the usefulness of this method for forest decline research, element content and localization were compared in needles from two trees, which differed in their degree of damage. We were able to detect differences in the amount of cations and in their distribution inside the needles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227491
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth-hormone loaded bioactive ceramics (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1991), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A ‘bioactive’ material, capable of active stimulation of osteogenesis, has been produced by adsorbing human growth hormone onto calcium phosphate ceramics. These materials can be used to deliver growth hormone at the bone-ceramic interface. The elution of the hormone occurs in two phases, with an initial rapid release followed by a slow continuous release for up to 25 days. Tricalcium phosphate was found to release growth hormone better than hydroxyapatite, probably due to the higher solubility of the ceramic.In vivo studies using a rabbit model were used to demonstrate osteointegration at the ceramic interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692977
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and composition of nanograde calcium phosphate needle-like crystals formed by simple hydrothermal treatment (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 326-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Nanograde calcium phosphate needle-like crystals are prepared from wet synthesized Ca−P precipitates by simple hydrothermal treatment at 140°C and 0.3 MPa for 2 h. The morphology of these crystals is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase composition is tested through X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). It is found that the morphology of these crystals is related to the activity or fresh degree of the starting Ca−P precipitates and the added fluorine ions, but is not greatly influenced by the Ca/P ratio of the precipitates. These crystals with a Ca/P ratio between 1.67 and 1.5 show a poorly crystallized apatite structure at room temperature and a biphasic (HA+β−TCP) structure at 1100°C, corresponding to their Ca/P ratio. It is demonstrated that these nonstoichiometric apatite crystals contain lattice-bound water which could play an important role in the formation of bone apatite. The similarity in morphology and composition between these needle-like crystals and the apatite crystals in bone provides a possibility to make a bone-like implant consisting of these needle-like crystals and collagen, etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058956
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium phosphate cement: in vitro and in vivo studies of the α-tricalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate dibasic-tetracalcium phosphate monoxide system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 340-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, calcium phosphate cement consisting of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), dicalcium phosphate dibasic (DCPD) and tetracalcium phosphate monoxide (TeCP) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Measurements of compressive strength against soaking time in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed a rapid increase of the hardness for the first 7 days. The gained strength was retained up to 1 year and the maximal mean value was 94.7 (±14.4) MPa. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) presented precipitates of hydroxyapatite (HA) after mixing, also after soaking in SBF and after implantation in rat subcutaneous tissues. However, the conversion to HA happened in different ways between in vitro and in vivo exposures. Histologic examinations showed that the cement causes the same reactions at the interface with surrounding soft tissues as HA. The authors consider the cement to be a promising material as a bone substitute, bone cement or dental material, however, further studies in a paste form and in bone tissue environments are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies on the suitability of human mesothelial cells for seeding vascular prostheses: shear stress resistance in vitro (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This investigation forms part of a study on the suitability of human omentum mesothelial cells (HOMES) as an alternative to endothelial cells (EC) for seeding vascular grafts. Isolated HOMES were grown in primary culture and characterized by their morphology (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), as well as by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunocytochemistry. The latter two methods showed cells which were positive for smooth muscle-type actin and cytokeratin, but negative for factor VIII-related antigen. HOMES were grown to confluence on glass with or without a fibronectin coating. Controlled shear stress was applied for up to 30 min using a plate and cone rheometer at 20 dynes/cm2. These dynamic culture conditions led to loss of only occasional cells. The most marked alterations seen on SEM were some cell elongation, marked raising of the nucleus and loss of luminal cytoplasmic microvilli. Time-lapse video microscopy revealed that shear stress also increased the spreading capacity of some cells. Similar experiments with venous endothelial cells gave a shearing off of a confluent monolayer. This investigation shows the marked shear-stress resistance of HOMES, a pre-requisite for their use to seed vascular prostheses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122177
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From cytotoxicity to biocompatibility testing in vitro: cell adhesion molecule expression defines a new set of parameters (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 835-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Determination of potential cytotoxicity is a central issue in current biocompatibility testing standards such as ISO and ASTM. Most of these tests do not assess biocompatibility of a biomaterial with regard to cell function. This study was aimed at screening a number of potential parameters that could be included in assessment of cell functional aspects of biocompatibility. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded directly on titanium, NiCr alloy, CoCr alloy, PMMA, PE, PU, PVC, and silicone, or were exposed to the material extracts. Cytotoxicity was assessed for these materials through MTT conversion, crystal violet protein determination and Ki67 expression. In addition, expression of the cell adhesion molecules E-selectin, cadherin-5 and PECAM, as well as of the adhesion-associated proteins fibronectin and vinculin (focal adhesions), was determined by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Cytotoxicity was not detected with the material extracts. Cells were able to adhere to bare metals, but not polymers. Fibronectin preadsorption resulted in adhesion and spreading also on the polymers. Cells were able to establish cell–cell contacts and focal adhesions. Western blotting, in combination with differential detergent extraction, indicated that linkage of cell–cell adhesion markers to the cytoskeleton may be used as an additional parameter relevant to cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018541419055
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cell and molecular biological approach to biomaterial research: a perspective (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The past two decades have witnessed a revolution in our understanding of chemical processes in living organisms. This is mainly a result of the massive advances in the fields of cell and molecular biology. These techniques are highly relevant to the biomaterials sector, as they offer the scientist the possibility to better understand the mechanisms involved in the interactions between cells and a material surface—a prerequisite for the rational development of medical devices with optimal biocompatibility. The purpose of the present article is to explain the rationale of the cell and molecular biological approach to biomaterial research and to present typical examples from the authors’ laboratory, as well as from the literature, to illustrate its application. Important aspects of interfacial biology, including the underlying biological mechanisms and methodology, are presented. Of the latter the combination of morphological techniques with methods of cell and molecular biology as well as molecular genetics (so-called “combinative techniques”) are particularly useful. The applicability of this approach is illustrated from a study on the pathomechanisms of metal ion-induced inflammation. In addition, the approach is essential to the development of targeted intervention strategies, as for example in the luminal surface modification of vascular prostheses to permit endothelial cell seeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018567018688
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