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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studying (Small) businesses with the Michigan Employment Security Commission longitudinal data base (1990)
    Springer
    Small business economics 2 (1990), S. 261-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0913
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the usefulness of a longitudinal data file constructed from records on employers from the Michigan Employment Security Commission. We describe the main features of the data file, which includes quarterly (and in some cases, monthly) data from the third quarter of 1978 through the first quarter of 1983, plus the fourth quarters of 1983–87. We then illustrate the uses of the data with two examples: (1) studying changes in the Michigan economy, in particular the early growth and survival of new units of different sizes; and (2) studying the behavior of wages and employment following changes in ownership.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401623
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is there a “sound window” for primate communication? (1984)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 15 (1984), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It has long been asserted that habitat acoustics can determine the frequency band bestadapted for long-range communication, but the generality and validity of measurements claiming to demonstrate a “window” of best frequencies have recently been questioned. We report the discovery of a prominent sound window in Kenyan rain forest in a study that is free of methodological difficulties. Our results allow us to calculate the range advantage attained by an animal vocalizing within the sound window, and show that sound windows can be a potent factor for the evolution of primate communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310219
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group-living in cliff swallows as an advantage in avoiding predators (1987)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 21 (1987), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) in SW Nebraska, USA, nest in colonies and associate in groups away from their colonies. The degree to which group-living in this species affords advantages in the avoiding of predators was examined. The distance from the colony at which a snake predator was detected increased with colony size. In flocks away from the colonies, group vigilance increased, but the time that each individual spent vigilant decreased, with flock size. As a result, birds in large flocks had more time for preening and mud-gathering. Cliff swallows did not effectively mob predators and thus were unable to deter predators regardless of group size. Nesting within each colony was highly synchronous, but when the effects of ectoparasites on nesting success were removed, individuals nesting during the peak breeding period were no more successful than those nesting before or after the peak. This suggests that swamping of predators is unlikely in cliff swallow colonies. Nests at the edges of colonies were more likely to be preyed upon than nests nearer the center, suggesting that colonial nesting conferred some selfish herd benefits. Overall reproductive success did not vary with colony size. While cliff swallows receive some anti-predator benefits by living in groups, the avoidance of predators is probably not a major selective force for the evolution of coloniality in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553179
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group-living in cliff swallows as an advantage in avoiding predators (1987)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 21 (1987), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) in SW Nebraska, USA, nest in colonies and associate in groups away from their colonies. The degree to which group-living in this species affords advantages in the avoiding of predators was examined. The distance from the colony at which a snake predator was detected increased with colony size. In flocks away from the colonies, group vigilance increased, but the time that each individual spent vigilant decreased, with flock size. As a result, birds in large flocks had more time for preening and mud-gathering. Cliff swallows did not effectively mob predators and thus were unable to deter predators regardless of group size. Nesting within each colony was highly synchronous, but when the effects of ectoparasites on nesting success were removed, individuals nesting during the peak breeding period were no more successful than those nesting before or after the peak. This suggests that swamping of predators is unlikely in cliff swallow colonies. Nests at the edges of colonies were more likely to be preyed upon than nests nearer the center, suggesting that colonial nesting conferred some selfish herd benefits. Overall reproductive success did not vary with colony size. While cliff swallows receive some anti-predator benefits by living in groups, the avoidance of predators is probably not a major selective force for the evolution of coloniality in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395437
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony choice in birds: models based on temporally invariant site quality (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 36 (1995), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Cliff swallow ; Coloniality ; Habitat selection ; Ideal free distribution ; Social behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We propose two stochastic models to explain how birds choose colonies. In the resource choice model, birds settle at each site at a rate proportional to the total resources the site contains. In the reduced resource choice model, a smaller cohort of birds enters sites at a rate determined by the total resources at each, and the remaining individuals enter sites at a rate that is linearly proportional to the total number of birds already nesting at each site. Thus, a fraction of birds chooses sites based on the resources present, and the remainder are attracted to a site by the presence of other birds. Colony site quality is assumed not to vary between years. Both models result, on average, in an ideal free distribution of colony sizes if the birds' settlement rate is linearly related to the resources in a site, if resources are distributed equally among individuals within sites, and if individuals with equal resources have equal fitness. We applied these models to long-term data on colony sizes and site usage of cliff swallows in south-western Nebraska. A test of the resource choice model suggested that the swallow population as a whole did not choose sites based strictly on site quality or the total resources contained at each site. However, a test of the reduced resource choice model suggested that a smaller fraction of the individuals in each colony may have based their choice of site on local resource availability, with the remaining birds aggregating at those sites based on the number of birds already settled there. Tests of these models may provide insight into how individuals choose colony sites and why colonies vary in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165830
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic evidence of multiple parentage in broods of cliff swallows (1988)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 23 (1988), S. 379-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Parental exclusion analyses based on allozyme data were performed on 105 families of cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) from southwestern Nebraska, USA. The protein products of seve polymorphic loci were resolved from blood, and at least one parental exclusion occurred at six of these loci. One or both putative parents were excluded for 35 nestlings from 22 different families. The mean number of non-kin nestlings in these families was 1.59. Non-kin nestlings were found in families with brood sizes ranging from two to five. A greater percentage of families in an 1100-nest colony had non-kin offspring than in two smaller colonics, although the difference was not statistically significant. Application of genetic models to these data and the observed distribution of parental exclusions suggested that multiple parentage in cliff swallows results more often from intraspecific brood parasitism than from forced extra-pair copulations. Based on the calculated probabilities of detecting non-kin, we estimate that 23.7% of all nestlings in our population are not the offspring of one or both of their putative parents. We estimate that about 43% of all cliff swallow nests in Nebraska contain at least one offspring resulting from intraspecific brood parasitism, and that about 6% of nests might contain offspring resulting from extra-pair copulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303712
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introgression of resistance to Columbia and Northern root-knot nematodes fromSolanum bulbocastanum into cultivated potato (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: breeding ; interspecific hybridization ; Solanum bulbocastanum ; Meloidogyne species ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; nematode resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Resistance toMeliodogyne chitwoodi races 1 (MC1) and 2 (MC2) andM. hapla (MH) derived fromSolanum bulbocastanum was introduced into the cultivated potato gene pool through somatic fusion. The initial F1 hybrids showed resistance to the three nematodes. Resistance to reproduction on roots by MC1 was accompanied by resistance to tuber damage in F1 clones. Tuber damage sometimes occurred, however, in hybrids of BC1 progeny resistant to reproduction on roots when MC2 and MH were the challenging nematodes. Resistance to reproduction was transferred into BC1 individuals, but a greater proportion of BC1 progeny was resistant to MC1 than to MC2 or MH. Resistance to MC1 appears to be dominant and discretely inherited. F1 and BC1 progeny were pollen sterile, but seed were produced from crosses using cultivated tetraploid pollen sources. Approximately 11 and 33 per cent of pollinations produced berries on F1 and BC1 pistillate parents, respectively. Seed yield increased fourfold overall in crosses with F1 compared to BC1 individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01677863
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  • 8
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    Brane/flux annihilation transitions and nonperturbative moduli stabilization (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-06
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Nonsupersymmetric brane vacua in stabilized compactifications (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-16
    Print ISSN: 1126-6708
    Electronic ISSN: 1029-8479
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI): Monolithic Interferometer Design and Test (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-12
    Print ISSN: 0038-6308
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9672
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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