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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Measurement techniques 14 (1971), S. 1175-1178 
    ISSN: 1573-8906
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The creation of an industrial model of an instrument in accordance with the described scheme practically solves the problem of increasing the accuracy of spring-type dial indicators up to values satisfying class 0.1 of GOST 11606-65 with a reserve accuracy of 0.03–0.04%, which is sufficient for compensation of the errors occurfing due to imperfection of the lever system, and the attainment of the scales in the set of accuracy corresponding to class 0.1 per GOST 13712-68. This significantly extends the field of application of spring-type dial indicators. 2. The solution of this problem is provided by simple design means, which is an advantage of the described instrument in comparison with existing models. This instrument incorporates a spring-type force meter stiffness regulator, with the aid of which the indicator is adjusted using a simple method widely used in instruments of various accuracies. All this ensures minimum expenditure of labor in manufacturing the instrument and ensures its being competitive. 3. In this instrument it is not possible to attain the accuracy of quadrant dial indicators, i. e., 0.05% of the greatest measurement limit. Such accuracy, in our opinion, is practicallyunattainable in spring-type dial indicators due to the impossibility of significant reduction of elastic imperfections of the spring-type force meter when manufacturing springs using economically acceptable methods. 4. The problem of creating an instrument of class 0.1, as required by GOST 11606-65, is reduced to providing a basic allowable error corresponding to this class, i. e., obtained under normal test conditions [11]. So far as the reduction of additional errors arising due to changes of temperature and other external factors in the instrument's operating environment are concerned, the problem is no less (if not more) complex and is the subject of independent investigations [3]. 5. An economically desirable means for further increase of the accuracy of spring-type dial indicators is improvement of the supports of axles, in particular the use of miniature ball bearings without an internal ring, or supports kinematically connected to the deformed force meter and transmitting the rotary motion bearing on their axles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 18 (2000), S. 221-238 
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: bulk density ; compacted soil ; computerized tomography ; nondestructive testing ; water content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes an alternative nondestructive technique for bulk density and water content determination in soils using dual-energy computerized tomography. A first generation tomographic system (STAC-1) was used in the analysis of the specimens. The system used 137Cs (∼662 keV), 192Ir (∼316 keV) and 241Am (∼60 keV) as radiation sources and a Sodium Iodine crystal (NaI(Tl)) with photomultiplier tube as the detector. The specimens of soil tested were from different regions, one from São Paulo, and the other from Rio de Janeiro. The bulk density and the water content were determined point by point, in a transverse section of the soil specimens, using a computational algorithm that generated images of bulk density and water content. By utilizing the average pixel values of linear attenuation coefficient in these images, for each specimen, a characteristic curve could be built for each soil. The linear attenuation coefficient values agreed with the expected data. The compaction curves presented good agreement between the tomographic technique and the standard geotechnical method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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