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Morphometry of the galliform cecum: A comparison between Gambel's quail and the domestic fowl (1990)

Strong, Thomas R. ; Reimer, Paulette Rady ; Braun, Eldon J.

Springer

Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 511-518

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Cecum ; Morphometry ; Absorption ; Domestic fowl (Aves, Phasianiformes) ; Callipepla gambelii (Aves, Galliformes)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Tissues from the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the ceca of Gambel's quail and domestic fowl were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular and subcellular structures, including epithelial cell height, mitochondrial volume fraction, microvillous surface area, proportion of goblet cells, and junctional complex characteristics, were quantified by a variety of stereologic procedures and other measurement techniques. The mucosal surface of quail cecum shows a much more highly developed pattern of villous ridges and flat areas than that of fowl cecum. The fowl has significantly greater cell heights than the quail in all cecal regions. The mitochondrial volume fraction does not differ significantly with species or region, but mitochondria are concentrated on the apical side of the nucleus. In both species, the proximal cecal region has the greatest microvillous surface area. All 3 components of junctional complexes, including zonula occludens, zonula adhaerens, and macula adhaerens, are quantified. When all factors are considered, the quail cecum appears to have morphological characteristics consistent with a greater potential capacity for absorption than the fowl cecum.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740778

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Contributions of the kidneys and intestines to water conservation, and plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone, during dehydration in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) (1988)

Goldstein, David L. ; Braun, Eldon J.

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 158 (1988), S. 353-361

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ISSN: 1432-136X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The contributions of the kidneys, the small intestine and the lower intestine (rectum plus cloaca) to water conservation during dehydration in unanaesthetized, unrestrained house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were assessed. Thirty hours of acute dehydration resulted in a 12% loss in body mass and a significant increase in plasma osmolality. Glomerular filtration rate declined by 55%, from 7.7 to 3.5 ml/h, and urine flow rate delined by more than 80%, from 0.2 to 0.03 ml/h. These changes are likely attributable to a large increase in plasma levels of arginine vasotocin during dehydration, from 〈26 pg/ml in hydrated birds to greater than 200 pg/ml after 30 h dehydration. Flow of water from the ileum to the lower intestine was reduced during dehydration, primarily because of a reduced flow of dry matter (with no significant reduction in water content). The rate of water loss in the excreta declined from 0.2 ml/h in hydrated birds to 0.04 ml/h in dehydrated birds. The rate of water reabsorption in the lower intestine (equal to the rate of water loss in the excreta minus the combined rates of inflow into the lower intestine from the urine and the ileal contents) slightly exceeded the rate of water flow from the ileum in both hydrated and dehydrated birds. We suggest that much of the water reabsorbed in the lower intestine of hydrated birds derives from the urine, but that primarily water from ileal contents is reabsorbed in dehydrated birds. That is, urine undergoes significant post-renal modification in hydrated but not dehydrated house sparrows.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695334

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