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  • Springer  (86)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal tumours (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Gastrointestinal tumour ; Advanced lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the study, 120 patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumours were treated by PDT; 5 mg/kg of HpD was intravenously given 48–72 h prior to PDT. The light source was an argon dye laser with an output beam of 630 nm. The irradiation time varied from 15–25 min with a power of 100–350 mW cm−2. The entire tumour was irradiated with a light dose of 100–250 J cm−2. Of the 120 patients, 20 had cancer of esophagus, 72 had cancer of the gastric cardia, 18 had cancer of the stomach and 10 had cancer of the rectum. Eighty-eight patients (73.3%) had a response to PDT. Twelve patients with CR were followed up for one to five years, two patients died during the two years after PDT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032433
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of NO2 in the reduction of NO by hydrocarbon over Cu-ZrO2 and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 31 (1995), S. 287-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: NO x reduction, NO2 in ; Cu-ZSM-5, lean NO x reduction on ; Cu-ZrO2, lean NO x reduction on ; NO oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reduction of NO x with propene or propane in the presence of 1 or 4% O2 was studied at low conversions over a 7.4 wt% Cu-ZrO2 and a 3.2 wt% Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst. The rates of N2 production were compared in experiments using only NO or a mixture of NO and NO2 in the feed. They were also compared with the rates of NO2 reduction to NO under the same conditions, and of NO oxidation to NO2 in the absence of hydrocarbon. It was found that the reduction of NO2 to NO was very fast, consistent with literature data. The data were best explained by a reaction scheme in which the hydrocarbon was activated primarily by reaction with adsorbed NO2 to form an adsorbed oxidized N-containing hydrocarbon intermediate, the reaction of which with NO was the principal route to produce N2 under lean NO x conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808841
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly efficient synchronous amplification of a picosecond dye laser at a kHz repetition rate (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55.Mv ; 42.60.By
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A short pulse, high energy, high repetition rate dye amplifier with superior conversion efficiency is reported. The dye amplifier is composed of three single-pass dye cells, longitudinally pumped by a frequency doubled 1 kHz Nd: YLF regenerative amplifier. The dye amplifier yields 3.5 ps, 150 μJ pulses at 595 nm, corresponding to a 12% conversion efficiency. The ASE is 1% or less, and the transverse mode quality is near-Gaussian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332154
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallized ion beams in a storage ring (1996)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 449-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonneutral plasmas ; Storage rings ; Plasma simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Crystallization for an ion beam in a storage ring was theoretically studied. Properties of ordered state of ion beams are discussed under smooth approximation. In particle simulations, performed in a realistic lattice, high-density three-dimension crystalline structures were achieved. In all cases the crystal had no shear slippage and only particle oscillations with the lattice periodicity took place. A linear dependence of longitudinal velocity on horizontal position, foreseen by the theory for ground states in a smooth lattice, was observed in all cases. This is a step forward in the understanding of crystalline ground states: the particles spontaneously organize themselves so to have the same angular velocity and to maintain their reciprocal position as in usual matter crystals. Theoretical considerations on shear and breathing are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451807
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S K- and L-edge XANES and electronic structure of some copper sulfide minerals (1994)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 21 (1994), S. 317-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The S K and L-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) of low bornite, cubanite, chalcocite, covellite, enargite and tetrahedrite have been measured with synchrotron radiation. The near-edge features are interpreted based on comparison with the S K- and L-edge spectra of chalcopyrite and a MO/energy band structure model. The XANES spectra of these sulfides reflect the DOS of unoccupied S s-, p- and d-like states near and above the Fermi level. In tetrahedral Cu-Fe sulfides, the Fe3+ 3d crystal field band has much more significant DOS of unoccupied S 3p-and 3s-like states than the Cu+ 3d crystal field band. For Cu sulfides, the Cu+ 3d crystal field band has the higher DOS of S 3p- and 3 s-like states in tetrahedral structure than in structures with the triangular CuS3 cluster. The shifts in both S K- and L-edges correlate approximately linearly with the energy gap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202096
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure mode transitions in polymers under high strain rate loading (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 101 (2000), S. 33-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Polymers ; brittle fracture ; shear banding ; impact.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A rather unusual failure mode transition from brittle to ductile at high strain rates occurs under a combined pressure and shear loading. This transition also represents a change in the failure mode from a normal stress dominated fracture mode at low loading rates to a shear stress dominated shear banding failure at high strain rates. While most such observations have been in metallic materials, where such transitions are attributed to thermal softening caused by adiabatic heating, in this paper we present evidence of such mode transitions in a polymer. Experimental observations of the pressure-shear loading experiments are reported in two polymers; polycarbonate (PC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Dynamic photomechanics techniques were used in obtaining information regarding the crack tip state in these experiments. While PC exhibits a failure mode transi- tion to shear banding, PMMA changes to a shear mode of fracture; dynamic shear fracture has been observed in real-time using high speed photography for the first time. A numerical simulation of the experiment using a simple constitutive description of the material is performed in order to gain an understanding of the evolution of the crack tip fields that generate the observed mode transitions. The results of the simulation suggest that thermal softening may not play a significant role in the failure mode transitions in polymers. On the other hand, it is shown that the competition between shear yielding and normal stress dominated fracture mechanisms is the key to the failure mode transitions in these polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007581101315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Improved Rapid Method for Selecting Monoclonal Antibodies with High Catalytic Activities (1997)
    Springer
    The protein journal 16 (1997), S. 733-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Catalytic antibody ; transition-state analogue ; inhibitor ; screening ; ester hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a β-naphthyl phosphonate hapten (1) to elicit antibodies capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of β-naphthyl acetate (3). After cell fusion, potential catalytic antibody-producing hybridomas were selected, by use of a competitive inhibition assay on the basis of the binding activity for a short transition-state analogue (inhibitor 5), followed by use of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for the hybridoma supernatants to screen the antibodies processing catalytic activities. It was shown that supernatants of 12 wells had high binding activity with inhibitor and of them, 7 had catalytic activities. After cloning by limiting dilution, we got two hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies which catalyzed the hydrolysis of β-naphthyl acetate. This combination of competitive inhibition assay with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis represents an improved rapid approach for the screening of potential catalytic antibodies and significantly increases the possibility of obtaining efficient catalytic monoclonal antibodies. Further study of the catalytic antibodies revealed significant rate enhancement (K cat/K uncat ∼ 106) and specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026355614913
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfur K- and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stannite (1994)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 20 (1994), S. 489-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectra (XANES and EXAFS) and L-edge XANES of sphalerite (ZnS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and stannite (Cu2FeSnS4) have been recorded using synchrotron radiation. The K- and L-edge XANES features are interpreted using a qualitative MO/energy band structure model. The densities of unoccupied states at the conduction bands of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stannite are determined using S K- and L-edge XANES features (up to 15 eV above the edge), combined with published metal K-edge XANES. The SK- and L-edge XANES also indicate that, for sphalerite, the Fe2+ 3d band at the fundamental gap has little or no bonding hybridization with S 3p and S 3s orbitals; for chalcopyrite, the Cu+ 3d and Fe3+ 3d bands have strong mixing with S 3p and S 3s states, while for stannite the Cu+ 3d band strongly hybridizes with S 3p and S 3s orbitals, but the Fe2+ 3d band does not. The post-edge XANES features (15–50 eV above the edge) of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and stannite are similar. These features are related to the tetrahedral coordination of sulfur in all these structures, and interpreted by a multiple scattering model. The resonance energies from both the K-edge and L-edge XANES for these minerals are well correlated with reciprocal interatomic distances and lattice spaces. Sulfur K-edge EXAFS analyses using Fourier transform and curve fitting procedures are presented. Comparison of the structural parameters from EXAFS with x-ray structure data shows that the first shell bond distances (BD) from EXAFS are usually accurate to ±0.02 Å, and that coordination numbers (CN) are generally accurate to ±20 percent. For sphalerite, EXAFS analysis yields the structure parameters for the first three neighbour shells around a sulfur atom; the BD and CN even for the third shell are in close agreement with the x-ray structure, and the Debye-Waller term decreases from the first shell to the third shell. It is shown that sphalerite (ZnS) is a good model compound for EXAFS analysis of sulfur in chalcogenide glasses and metalloproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203219
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-Fracture Analysis of Plasma Membranes of CHO Cells Stably Expressing Aquaporins 1-5 (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 165 (1998), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Freeze fracture — Orthogonal, square array — Intramembrane particle — Aquaporin — Chinese Hamster ovary cell — Transfection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Several studies suggest that aquaporin water channels can be identified in membranes by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. For this report, Chinese Hamster ovary cells were stably transfected with cDNAs encoding aquaporins 1–5. Measurement of the osmotic water permeability of the cells confirmed that functional protein was expressed and delivered to the plasma membrane. By freeze-fracture electron microscopy, a 20% increase in intramembrane particle (IMP) density was found in plasma membranes of cells expressing AQP2, 3 and 5, and a 100% increase was measured in AQP1-expressing cells, when compared to mock-transfected cells. On membranes of cells expressing AQP4, large aggregates of IMPs were organized into orthogonal arrays, which occupied 10–20% of the membrane surface. IMP aggregates were never seen in AQP2-transfected cells. Hexagonally packed IMP clusters were detected in ∼5% of the membranes from AQP3-expressing cells. Particle size-distribution analysis of rotary shadowed IMPs showed a significant shift from 13.5 (control cells) to 8.5 nm or less in AQP-expressing cells; size distribution analysis of unidirectionally shadowed IMPs also showed a significant change when compared to control. Some IMPs in AQP expressing cells had features consistent with the idea that aquaporins are assembled as tetramers. The results demonstrate that in transfected CHO cells, AQP transfection modifies the general appearance and number of IMPs on the plasma membrane, and show that only AQP4 assembles into well-defined IMP arrays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900438
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choline Modulates Cardiac Membrane Repolarization by Activating an M3 Muscarinic Receptor and its Coupled K+ Channel (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 169 (1999), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor — Choline — Heart rate — Action potential duration — K+ current — Receptor binding assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Choline is a necessary substrate of the lipid membrane and for acetylcholine synthesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that besides being a structural component, choline is also a functional modulator of the membrane. It has been shown to be a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist and can induce a novel K+ current in cardiac cells. However, the potential role of choline in modulating cardiac functions remained unstudied despite that mAChRs are known to be important in regulating heart functions. With microelectrode techniques, we found that choline produced concentration-dependent (0.1∼10 mm) decreases in sinus rhythm and action potential duration in isolated guinea pig atria. The effects were reversed by 2 nm 4DAMP (an M3-selective antagonist). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in dispersed myocytes from guinea pig and canine atria revealed that choline is able to induce a K+ current with delayed rectifying properties. The choline-induced current was suppressed by low concentrations of 4DAMP (2∼10 nm). Antagonists toward other subtypes (M1, M2 or M4) all failed to alter the current. The affinity of choline (K d ) at mAChRs derived from displacement binding of [3H]-NMS in the homogenates from dog atria was 0.9 mm, consistent with the concentration needed for the current induction and for the HR and APD modulation. Our data indicate that choline modulates the cellular electrical properties of the hearts, likely by activating a K+ current via stimulation of M3 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005901
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