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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in forest soils in northeastern Tasmania (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen mineralization ; Labile organic phosphorus ; Immobilization ; Microbial P ; Eucalypt forest soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Rates of N mineralization and of N uptake were measured in situ in three eucalypt forests and a cool-temperate rainforest, and were correlated with productivity. All of the soils had a high capacity for immobilization, and nitrification was insignificant. Changes in both organic and inorganic P fractions during in situ containment of soils were small. While the concentration of inorganic available P was not related to forest productivity, a measure of labile organic P was closely related both to productivity and to P in the microbial biomass. Estimates of inorganic- and organic-N availability were highly correlated with independent estimates of organic-P availability, and the results are discussed in relation to biological control of nutrient availability in the surface horizons of forest soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266481
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trade-offs between the persistence of foliage and productivity in two Pinus species (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 124 (2000), S. 487-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key wordsPinus ; Leaf longevity ; Foliage productivity ; Nitrogen ; Specific leaf area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated interspecific variation in leaf lifespan (persistence) and consequent differences in leaf biochemistry, anatomy, morphology, patterns of whole-tree carbon allocation and stand productivity. We tested the hypothesis that a species with short-lived foliage, Pinus radiata D. Don (mean leaf lifespan 2.5 years), grows faster than P. pinaster Ait., a species with more persistent foliage (leaf lifespan 5.6 years), and that the faster growth rate of P. radiata is associated with a greater allocation of nitrogen and carbon to photosynthetic tissues across a range of scales. In fully sunlit foliage, the proportion of leaf N in the major photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase) was greater in P. radiata than in P. pinaster, and, in mid-canopy foliage, the proportion of leaf N in thylakoid proteins was greater in P. radiata. A lesser proportion of needle cross-sectional area was occupied by structural tissue in P. radiata compared to P. pinaster. Foliage mass in stands of P. radiata was 9.7 t ha–1 compared with 18.2 t ha–1 in P. pinaster while leaf area index of both species was similar at 4.6 m2 m–2, owing to the compensating effect of differences in specific leaf area. Hence trade-offs between persistence and productivity were apparent as interspecific differences in patterns of whole-tree carbon allocation, needle morphology, anatomy and biochemistry. However, these interspecific differences did not translate into differences at the stand scale since rates of biomass accumulation were similar in both species (P. radiata 6.9±0.9 kg year–1 tree–1; P. pinaster 7.4±0.9 kg year–1 tree–1). The similarities in performance at larger scales suggest that leaf area index (and radiation interception) determines growth and productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008874
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tree decline in southeastern Australia: Nitrate reductase activity and indications of unbalanced nutrition in Eucalyptus ovata (Labill.) and E. camphora (R.T. Baker) communities at Yellingbo, Victoria (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 98 (1994), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Eucalyptus ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrogen Salinity ; Tree decline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The decline of riparian Eucalyptus camphora/E. ovata stands is examined in relation to an increase in nitrogen availability and to rising salinity in low-lying areas. There are several indications that declining stands are abnormally rich in N: (i) Nitrogen availability in declining stands was greater than that recorded in other Australian forests, was dominated by nitrification and was extremely variable. (ii) Nitrate concentrations in free soil water from declining forest on a dry site were many times those in the corresponding healthy forest. (iii) N/Mg ratios in foliage of declining trees on drier sites were at the extreme end of the recorded range and similar to those found in eucalypt plantations on agricultural soils. In addition, sites where the overstorey eucalypts are declining have been invaded by a variety of herbaceous weeds, most of which display characteristics of nitrophilous plants, e.g. nitrate reductase activity was greater in herbaceous weeds than in native overstorey or understory species in declining stands of E. camphora/E. ovata and was directly related to the concentration of nitrogen in foliage. These observations are consistent with recent suggestions that forest ecosystems may become N-saturated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341475
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatase activity and phosphorus fractions in Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell.) forest soils (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phosphorus fractions ; Phosphatase ; Eucalyptus diversicolor ; Organic forest soils ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Karri forest soils contain negligible concentrations of labile-P, low concentrations of total P and more P in organic forms than inorganic. The ratio of organic P to inorganic P was lowest (1:2) in recently burnt surface soils and greatest (7:1) at depth in soil that had been undisturbed for long periods of time. Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities (to 10 cm depth, phosphomonoesterase 700–1300; phosphodiesterase 2000–2400 μg nitrophenol released h-1 g-1 fresh weight) were comparable to those in other, organically rich forest soils. The optimum pH for phosphatase activities were within 1–2 units of soil pH (∼6) and little reduction in activity was observed over the pH range 4–8. Phosphatase activity was reduced by air-drying (up to 20-fold reduction) and was almost entirely absent in soils that were heat-affected as a result of logging/burning operations. Neither phosphomonoesterase nor phosphodiesterase were directly related to soil P fractions or total P. A reduction in P demand is postulated as the cause of reduced phosphatase activity and the increased concentration of organic P with increasing soil depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphorus supply on growth and nitrogen fractions in xylem sap and foliage of Eucalyptus regnans (F.Muell.), E. nitens (Maiden) and E. globulus (Labill.) seedlings: implications for herbivory (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1995), S. 324-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Arginine ; Eucalyptus ; Foliage ; Nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rates of growth of seedlings of E. globulus, E. regnans and E. nitens were related to phosphorus supply in two soils but concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in most plant tissues did not vary significantly among soil or phosphorus treatments. Differences in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and in the composition of the pool of free amino-acids among leaves at different stages of development were far greater than differences between treatments. The most significant of these differences were several-fold greater concentrations of arginine in the oldest leaves and these are most likely due to protein degradation and/or in situ synthesis since arginine is not generally phloem mobile. The concentration of reduced nitrogen in xylem sap was inversely related to growth and glutamine was by far the dominant nitrogenous solute. We suggest that specific nitrogenous solutes may be useful indices of the nitrogen status of eucalypt tissues for insect herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202496
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An autosomal gene assignment in a marsupial: The gene for LDH-A is on chromosome 5 of the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus (1981)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 19 (1981), S. 901-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: marsupial ; LDH-A ; autosomal gene assignment ; somatic cell hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of somatic cell hybrids between red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and mouse cells, which lose marsupial chromosomes, were found to express the kangaroo form of LDH-A. Concordance between the expression of marsupial LDH-A and the presence of chromosome 5 in the hybrid cells and selected subclones enabled the gene for LDH-A to be assigned to this chromosome. This is the first autosomal gene assignment in a marsupial and should prove important for chromosome mapping in the red kangaroo and in many other species of marsupials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504255
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of strength limiting defects in cellular glasses by dielectric measurements (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Capacitance ; dielectric constant ; voids ; cellular glasses ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Cellular (foamed) glasses are a prime candidate for certain structural applications, such as support of the silvered glass concentrator mirrors in solar thermal energy systems. An economical nondestructive measurement of strength-limiting defects in these materials would permit development of designs in which the material is subjected to a higher working stress level and maintains the same probability of failure. This would result in weight and cost savings for any application. A method of measuring the capacitance of well-defined regions of a specimen was investigated. Large voids were found to produce significant localized changes in the capacitance of the specimen. The feasibility of locating the large, strength limiting defects in this porous material has been demonstrated for one type of cellular glass. Means of producing an image from this type of data and an implementation scheme for on-line production measurements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermostaten und Thermoregulatoren (1891)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 30 (1891), S. 219-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01592006
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitations Beyond the Roton of Liquid 4He in Aerogel (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 117 (1999), S. 113-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic structure factor, S(Q, ω), for wavevectors, 2.0≤Q≤3.6 Å −1 of liquid 4 He in 95% porous aerogel has been measured by inelastic neutron scattering methods. The aerogel was grown with deuterated materials and the multiple scattering involving the aerogel was negligible. S(Q, ω) in the superfluid phase consists of a single peak plus broad intensity at higher energy ω, as in bulk superfluid 4 He. The single peak is identified with the phonon-roton excitation at higher Q. The weight in the peak, ZQ , and the excitation energy dispersion curve, ω Q , has the same basic wavevector dependence as in the bulk. The energy ω Q is 2–3% below the bulk value at the end point and the peak is unobservable beyond Q=3 Å −1 within the present statistical precision. No peak is observed at T=2.3 K in normal 4 He suggesting, as in bulk 4 He, that the characteristic excitation at higher Q is associated with the superfluid phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021818123583
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in relation to stand age of Eucalypus regnans F. Muell. (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Eucalyptus regnans ; mineralization ; nitrification ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and in situ rates of N mineralization in soils from Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests were measured fortnightly for two years in stands aged 9, 40, 80 and about 250 years (overmature), and for one year in stands aged 5 and 46 years. Rates of anaerobic mineralization (the laboratory test) showed little seasonal or annual variation. In contrast, rates of in situ mineralization varied markedly with season, being highest in spring and summer. Anaerobic mineralization was highly correlated with stand age to 80 years, but decreased between ages 80 and 250 years. In situ mineralization also decreased between these two ages, but otherwise was not related to stand age. Hence, the correlation between anaerobic and in situ mineralization along the age sequence was weak, suggesting that the anaerobic test is of maximum utility when this pool is in balance with inputs from decomposing litter (‘steady-state’ ecosystems). Nitrification was strong in stands aged 9, 46, 80 and 250 years and weak in stands aged 5 and 40 years. Within stands, the rate of nitrification during each period of in situ containment was highly dependent on the supply of NH4 ions. Between stands, annual rates of nitrification appear to be related to the balance between the N capital of the site, its rate of turnover, and the demand for N by heterotrophs and vegetation so that if NH4 supply is depleted, little is left for autotrophic nitrifiers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010963
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