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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased energy expenditure due to increased territorial defense in male lizards after phenotypic manipulation (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Testosterone ; Aggression ; Doubly labeled water ; Territoriality ; Metabolic rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fitness tradeoffs are difficult to examine because many fitness variables are correlated and vary in the same direction. Phenotypic manipulation circumvents many of these difficulties, and here we used this technique to examine mechanisms for tradeoffs between increased aggression (territorial defense) and survivorship. The behavioral phenotype of male mountain spiny lizards (Sceloporus jarrovi) was manipulated with testosterone to increase territorial defense, a sexually selected trait. We previously demonstrated that increased territorial defense results in a decrease in survival caused by a lower ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. Here we measured energy consumption of increased territorial aggression using the doubly labeled water technique in the field and compared males with and without testosterone implants (Fig. 1). In a supplementary study we measured standard metabolic rate using captive lizards given similar testosterone implants to examine if an increase in energy expenditure was a result of only an increase in standard metabolic rate (Fig. 3). Our results indicated that a primary contribution to tradeoffs between increased territorial defense and survivorship could be made by a 31% increase in energy expenditure in the field that is not due to an increase in standard metabolic rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050185
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of microstereology and quantitative cytochemistry to determine the effects of crude oil-derived aromatic hydrocarbons on lysosomal structure and function in a marine bivalve mollusc,Mytilus edulis (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 14 (1982), S. 713-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The marine bivalve mollusc,Mytilus edulis (blue mussel), is a noted accumulator of many environmental pollutants and is increasingly used for the chemical and biological assessment of environmental impact. The toxic effects of crude oil-derived aromatic hydrocarbons (30 μg/l total hydrocarbons) on the lysosomal-vacuolar system of the digestive cells have been investigated in cryostat sections of hexane-frozen digestive glands. Exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons reduced the cytochemically determined latency of lysosomal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase; lysosomal volume density and surface density increased while the numerical density decreased. Experimental exposure resulted in the formation of very large lysosomes which are believed to be largely autophagic in function and these results indicate a significant structural and functional disturbance of digestive cell lysosomes in response to hydrocarbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033620
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysosomal cytochemistry in marine environmental monitoring (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 22 (1990), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386003
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guest editorial (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 23 (1991), S. 427-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041371
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysosomal changes in the response of molluscan hepatopancreatic cells to extracellular signals (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 23 (1991), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Marine mussels (Mytilus edulis, a bivalve mollusc) are increasingly used as environmental sentinels in pollution biomonitoring. Pathological reactions of the lysosomal system in hepatopancreatic cells have proven to be sensitive bioindicators of pollutant effect. However, if such reactions are to be used as biomarkers, then they must be clearly distinguishable from any hormonally-induced changes linked to normal seasonal activity such as the reproductive cycle. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of several cell-to-cell signalling compounds on the lysosomes of the hepatopancreatic digestive cells.In vitro incubation of tissue slices showed that epinephrine, acetylcholine and prostaglandin F2α reduced lysosomal membrane stability and latency of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase and β-glucuronidase. These results indicate the presence of cell surface receptors for all three hormones. The observed changes in lysosomal fragility were less pronounced than those induced by pollutants and when considered together with other published data, indicate that hormonal regulation of digestive cell lysosomes is unlikely to pose a problem for the use of lysosomal reactions as biomarkers for chemical insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041381
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional Research: Knowledge, Skills, and Perceptions of Effectiveness (1997)
    Springer
    Research in higher education 38 (1997), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Terenzini (1993) approached the issue of institutional research effectiveness by articulating three tiers of organizational intelligence necessary for effective institutional researchers. Responses (n = 601) from a nationwide survey of AIR members provided for an empirical investigation based on this concept. The study examined the existence and acquisition of examples of institutional research knowledge and skills and how they relate to perceptions of effectiveness. Participants indicated that they were effective in their functions and reported that they possessed examples of the technical, issues, and (to a lesser extent) contextual knowledge and skills articulated by Terenzini. Multiple regression revealed the relationships between background characteristics, knowledge and skills in institutional research, and perceptions of effectiveness to be minimal, however. The authors conclude that an institutional researcher's effectiveness can perhaps only be adequately evaluated relative to institutional culture and expectations and leaders' personalities and orientation toward decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024910409653
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliar flavonoids of eastern North AmericanVitis (Vitaceae) north of Mexico (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 193 (1994), S. 21-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Vitaceae ; Vitis ; Grapes ; chemotaxonomy ; flavonoids ; flavonol glycosides ; flavone glycosides ; C-glycosylflavones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-one flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the leaves of 22 North AmericanVitis L. taxa, representing two subgenera and five series. Three chemical groups were evident: one producing flavonols, flavones, and C-glycosylflavones, a second producing flavonols and flavones, and a third producing only flavonols. These three chemical groups did not correspond to any of the subgeneric groupings based on morphology. However, flavonoid distributions within series in each subgenus correlate well with morphological data. Parallel flavonoid evolution within each series is thought to account for this lack of subgeneric and interserial flavonoid distinction. The flavonoid data indicate that seriesCordifoliae of subgenusVitis, particularlyV. vulpina L., is the most closely related group to subgenusMuscadinia (Planch.)Rehder, and represents an evolutionary link between the two subgenera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983538
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Professional identity in institutions of higher learning in Israel (1988)
    Springer
    Higher education 17 (1988), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-174X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Members of the faculties of Engineering and Sciences were surveyed at the Israel Institute of Technology (N = 247) and Tel Aviv University (N = 112) as to identification with, criticism of, and feelings about their respective institutions, as well as recommendations for possible improvement. Findings showed that a strong professional identity coexists with a pronounced critical stance. Findings are consistent with Herzberg's two-factor theory of work motivation that views higherorder “motivators”, such as the professional identity here assessed, as relatively independent of lower-order “hygiene” needs, mainly working conditions. The strong professional identity of engineering and science faculties would seem to minimize the likelihood of a massive exodus to industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00130900
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of lysosomes in the digestive cells of the common mussel, Mytilus edulis, to sex steroids and cortisol (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sex steroids ; Lysosomal stability ; Digestive cells ; Mytilu sedulis ; Target Cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estradiol-17β and progesterone at physiological concentrations in vivo induced a reduction in lysosomal stability in the digestive cells of Mytilus edulis. Estradiol-17β (10−8 M) also reduced lysosomal stability within 15min in vitro. Lysosomal stability was determined cytochemically as the labilisation period for latent N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase and this was shown to be inversely related to microdensitometric measurements of staining intensity for this enzyme. Estradiol-17β did not appear to induce complete labilisation or cytochemical activation of lysosomal hexosaminidase and a second, much longer labilisation period could be determined for this hormone. The effects of estradiol-17β were partially counteracted by cortisol (10−2 M). There was an increase in PAS staining of secondary lysosomes and an increase in alcian blue staining of residual bodies in digestive cells of animals exposed to estradiol-17β, while no changes could be observed in basophil cells. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the physiological role of digestive cells and their possible function as target cells for estradiol-17β and progesterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220510
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate-based inhibitors of HIV-1 protease (1993)
    Springer
    Perspectives in drug discovery and design 1 (1993), S. 85-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9023
    Keywords: HIV-1 protease ; Substrates ; Inhibitors ; Structure-activity relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Peptide substrates of HIV-1 protease can be divided into two categories based on the nature of the scissile dipeptide and amino acid preference at the S2 and S2' subsites. Inhibitors based on substrate peptide sequences seem to fall into two similar categories as well. There has been tremendous progress in the design of inhibitors for the HIV protease since the first peptide-based inhibitors were described in 1989. Using a variety of different dipeptide isosteres, it has been possible to obtain highly potent, highly selective inhibitors of HIV protease which have Ki values in the subnanomolar range and which exhibit anti-infective activity in vitro in the nanomolar range. Protease inhibitors developed by Roche, Abbott, Searle and Dupont-Merck are currently undergoing clinical trials. The rapid progress in this field, the diversity of inhibitor types and the increasing use of structural information in designing nonpeptide inhibitors augurs well for future success of protease inhibitor-based therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02171657
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