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  • Articles  (545)
  • Springer  (545)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradability of blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with cellulose acetate esters in activated sludge (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 2 (1994), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) ; cellulose acetate esters ; biodegradation ; activated sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Blends of the bacterially produced polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with cellulose acetate esters (CAE) further substituted with propionyl or butyryl groups (degree of substitution: 2.60 propionyl and 0.36 acetyl or 2.59 butyryl and 0.36 acetyl, respectively) were exposed for 4 months to activated sludge to determine their biodegradability. Samples of such blends made by solution-mixing and solvent-casting had complex morphologies in which both individual components as well as a miscible blend phase were present. Additionally, the two opposite surfaces of solvent-cast films showed both physical and chemical differences. After 2 months, samples of pure PHBV had degraded by more than 98% (15 mg/cm2 of surface area), whereas a pure CAE sample had degraded less than 1% (〈0.2 mg/cm2). Samples containing 25% CAE lost less than 40% of their initial weights (6 mg/cm2) over the total 4-month period. Samples with 50% CAE lost up to 16% weight (2 mg/cm2), whereas those containing 75% CAE lost only slightly more weight than corresponding sterile control samples (1 mg/cm2). NMR results confirm that weight loss from samples containing 25% CAE resulted only from degradation of PHBV and that the surface of samples became enriched in CAE. Solvent-cast film samples containing equal amounts of PHBV and CAE degraded preferentially on the surface which formed at the polymer-air interface. Scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed this surface to have a rougher texture and a greater PHBV content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02073486
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetische Suszeptibilität einiger Seltener-Erd-Doppelnitrate (1962)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 167 (1962), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die magnetische Suszeptibilität von Lanthan-, Cer-, Praseodym- und Neodym-Magnesium-Nitrat wurde für die beiden Hauptachsen im Temperaturbereich von 4,4 bis 300 °K durch die Kraft im inhomogenen Magnetfeld gemessen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetische Eigenschaften von wasserfreiem Cer- und Praseodymchlorid (1965)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 183 (1965), S. 504-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of susceptibility measurements on single crystals of anhydrous CeCl3 and PrCl3, published in a preceeding paper, are analysed in terms of a static crystalline electric field of approximate D3h symmetry acting upon the Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions. For each of the two salts a set of crystal field parameters V 2 0 , V 4 0 , V 6 0 , V 6 6 was adjusted to fit the susceptibility data. To get agreement within experimental accuracy a small reduction of the Landég J-factors had to be introduced, indicating the influence of factors which are omitted in the simple crystal field model, presumably covalent bond and configurational interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01381970
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetische Eigenschaften des Praseodym-Äthylsulfates (1962)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 167 (1962), S. 477-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Magnetische Suszeptibilität von Praseodym-Äthylsulfat-Einkristallen wurde für die beiden Hauptachsen im Temperaturbereich von 4,4 bis 295 °K durch die Kraft im inhomogenen Magnetfeld gemessen. Aus der Suszeptibilität wurden der lineare und quadratische Zeeman-Effekt sowie die Lage der Kristallfeldkomponenten für den Elektronengrundzustand3 H 4 des dreiwertigen Praseodym-Ions bestimmt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378174
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetische Eigenschaften von wasserfreiem Cer- und Praseodymchlorid (1964)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 177 (1964), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of anhydrous cerium and praseodymium chloride has been measured for the two principal crystal axes in the temperature range from 4·4°K to 300°K. From the magnetic susceptibility the linear and quadratic Zeeman-effects of the two lowest crystal field components of ths electronic ground states are derived. The results are in good agreement with comparable measurements reported by other authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01375336
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storing of secretory material inside the perinuclear space (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 934-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Zellen des Subcommissuralorgans unbehandelter Wistar-Ratten und in neurosekretorischen Zellen NaCl-belasteter Teichmolche wurden voluminöse Erweiterungen der Perinuclearzisterne beobachtet, die beim Teichmolch zur Ausbildung grosser Vakuolen führen können. Perinuclearzisterne und Vakuolen enthalten ein feingranuläres, mässig elektronendichtes Material (proteinreiches Sekret). Es wird eine intranucleäre Synthese von Oligopeptiden oder Proteinen für möglich gehalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01924957
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extractability of labelled microbial biomass N by electro-ultrafiltration and CaCl2 extraction (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen mineralization ; Microbial biomass ; Soil drying ; Extractable organic N ; 15N isotope dilution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory soil incubation and a pot experiment with ryegrass were carried out in order to examine the extractability of microbial biomass N by using either 10-mM CaCl2 extraction or the electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) method. The aim of the experiment was to test the hypothesis whether the organic N (Norg) extracted by EUF or CaCl2 from dried soil samples represents a part of the microbial biomass. For the laboratory incubation a 15N-labelled Escherichia coli suspension was mixed with the soil. For the pot experiment a suspension of 15N-labelled bacteria was applied which had previously been isolated from the soil used. Soil samples of both treatments, with and without applied bacterial suspension, were extracted by EUF and CaCl2. The extractability of applied microbial biomass was estimated from the difference in extractable Norg between the two treatments. In addition, the N isotopic composition in the upper plant matter, in the soil, and in organic and inorganic N fractions of EUF and CaCl2 extracts was analysed. Both experiments showed that the applied microbial biomass was highly accessible to mineralization and thus represented potentially mineralizable N. However, this mineralizable N was not extractable by CaCl2 or by the EUF method. It was, therefore, concluded that the organic N released on soil drying and which was thus extractable was derived from the non-biomass soil organic matter. The result suggests that both extraction methods may provide a suitable index for mineralizable N only in cases where the decomposable organic substrates are derived mainly from sources other than the living soil biota.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335960
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extractability of labelled microbial biomass N by electro-ultrafiltration and CaCl2 extraction (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrogen mineralization ; Microbial biomass ; Soil drying ; Extractable organic N ; 15N isotope dilution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory soil incubation and a pot experiment with ryegrass were carried out in order to examine the extractability of microbial biomass N by using either 10-mM CaCl2 extraction or the electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) method. The aim of the experiment was to test the hypothesis whether the organic N (Norg) extracted by EUF or CaCl2 from dried soil samples represents a part of the microbial biomass. For the laboratory incubation a 15N-labelled Escherichia coli suspension was mixed with the soil. For the pot experiment a suspension of 15N-labelled bacteria was applied which had previously been isolated from the soil used. Soil samples of both treatments, with and without applied bacterial suspension, were extracted by EUF and CaCl2. The extractability of applied microbial biomass was estimated from the difference in extractable Norg between the two treatments. In addition, the N isotopic composition in the upper plant matter, in the soil, and in organic and inorganic N fractions of EUF and CaCl2 extracts was analysed. Both experiments showed that the applied microbial biomass was highly accessible to mineralization and thus represented potentially mineralizable N. However, this mineralizable N was not extractable by CaCl2 or by the EUF method. It was, therefore, concluded that the organic N released on soil drying and which was thus extractable was derived from the non-biomass soil organic matter. The result suggests that both extraction methods may provide a suitable index for mineralizable N only in cases where the decomposable organic substrates are derived mainly from sources other than the living soil biota.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335960
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personnel safety and foliage residue in an orchard spray program using azinphosmethyl and captan (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 7 (1978), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Residue levels of azinphosmethyl and captan were determined from blotter paper patches attached to the clothing of personnel participating in an orchard spray program. Average exposure of 1.74 mg/man/hr for azinphosmethyl and 1.94 mg/man/hr for captan were extrapolated from mean residue values obtained from analyzing the patches. Azinphosmethyl residue found on apple and peach foliage had been reduced by 69% by the tenth day post-application, while captan residue had been reduced 50% for the same period. There was no evidence of a buildup of either azinphosmethyl or captan on treated foliage as the season progressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02332038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of Spinal Degenerative Changes on the Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density with Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 430 -433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry — Degenerative factors — Postmenopausal women — Bone mineral density — Osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study is to evaluate degenerative factors in a postmenopausal patient group and differentiate the influence on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The patients and methods included an investigation of 144 postmenopausal women (mean 63.3 years) with PA-DXA of the spine. Degenerative factors (osteophytes, osteochondrosis, scoliosis, and vascular calcification) were evaluated from plain lumbar radiographs, their estimated probability was analyzed as a function of age, and their influence on BMD measured by PA-DXA was determined. The results of the study revealed osteophytes in 45.8%, vascular calcifications in 24.3%, scoliosis in 22.2%, osteochondrosis in 21.5%. The estimated probability for degenerative factors increased from 35 to 80% in the 55- to 70- year age group. Osteophytes and osteochondrosis were associated with up to a 14% increase in BMD values (P 〈 0.001). Vascular calcifications showed a positive trend, whereas scoliosis did not show a discernible influence. We concluded that degenerative factors, except for scoliosis, showed an influence on BMD as measured by DXA. Their prevalence increased rapidly between 55 and 70 years of age. Interpretation of PA-DXA spine data for subjects of or above this age range should be complemented by plain film radiographs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900258
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