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  • Articles  (322)
  • Springer  (322)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (286)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (26)
  • Political Science  (7)
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  • Articles  (322)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abuse/misuse of non‐prescription drugs (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 21 (1999), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Abuse ; Misuse ; Non‐prescription medicines ; Over‐the‐counter products ; Pharmacist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Aim: To investigate the abuse of non‐prescription (over‐the‐counter; OTC) products in Northern Ireland. Method: A structured questionnaire covering various aspects of OTC drug abuse was mailed to all 509 community pharmacies in Northern Ireland. Results: 253 responses were received (response rate 49.7%) after two mailings. Pharmacists named 112 OTC products they perceived were being abused in Northern Ireland. These were classified into 8 groups, with opioids, antihistamines and laxatives the most frequently reported. The frequency of abuse of all product groups was perceived to be either increasing or static. The number of clients suspected of abuse over a three‐month period ranged from 0 to 700 (median=10, mode=6) with 55% being regular customers. Pharmacists employed several methods to limit patient access to products of abuse. The most common technique was to keep the product out of sight. Others included additional client questioning, providing advice and limiting the quantity of product sold. The majority of respondents agreed their role could be extended to include other methods of dealing with abusers, including participation in harm‐reduction programmes to wean abusers off products. Geographical region and location of pharmacy were not significant factors in the abuse of OTC products. Conclusions: Pharmacists in Northern Ireland perceive abuse and misuse of OTC products to be occurring in practice. Current methods employed for dealing with it are inadequate. Research into methods of effectively dealing with OTC abuse/misuse is required and has commenced on the basis of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008788726842
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 550-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201962
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  • 3
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    Characterization of a TeflonÒcoated semiconductor detector flow cell for monitoring of pertechnetate in groundwater (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0236-5731
    Electronic ISSN: 1588-2780
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric activity in films of poly(1-bicyclobutanecarbonitrile) (1987)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 17 (1987), S. 135-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We observed significant piezoelectric activity in cast films of poly(1-bicyclobutanecarbonitrile).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256878
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrolytes for methanol-air fuel cells. 11. The electro-oxidation of methanol in trifluoromethane-sulphonic acid monohydrate and aqueous solutions of trifluoromethane-sulphonic acid (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 7 (1977), S. 161-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Trifluoromethanesulphonic acid monohydrate CF3SO3H.H2O and its aqueous solutions have been evaluated as an electrolyte for methanol electro-oxidation. The performances of conventional noble metal catalysts in the pure monohydrate are very poor compared with those in 3 M sulphuric acid. This is contrary to previously published literature data, and possible reasons for the discrepancy are given. In aqueous solutions of CF3SO3H at concentrations between 10 and 50%wt. considerably improved performance is obtained and at 60° C the activities of the catalysts are in most cases slightly higher than in 3 M H2SO4. In addition the poisoning effect of acid radicals is considerably less in CF3SO3H than in H2SO4 solutions. Above 60° C, however, the aqueous CF3SO3 anion decomposes to produce sulphur, which poisons the noble metal catalysts. Carbon-13 NMR studies of the CF3SO3H/H2O/CH3OH system were carried out at 20 and 37° C. From the results it was concluded that no significant ester formation occurred between CH3OH and CF3SO3H.H2O at these temperatures. Earlier published data on1H NMR studies of these solutions had indicated that 100% of the methanol was involved in ester formation with the acid. A critical analysis of this1H NMR work is given. Cyclic voltammetric characterization of catalysts in 10 and 25%wt. aqueous CF3SO3H solutions gave similar results to those in 3 M H2SO4; however, at concentrations of 50% wt. the acid decomposed at 0.0 V to produce a sulphur species that poisoned the catalyst. The conclusion of the work was that while aqueous CF3SO3H solutions produced promising catalyst performance up to 60° C the slight improvement in performance over 3 M H2SO4 would not offset the greater expense of the CF3SO3H. In addition, it was suspected that the long-term stability of the aqueous solutions even at 60° C might be poor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrochemical fluorination of octanoyl chloride (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 9 (1979), S. 685-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A study of the electrochemical fluorination of octanoic acid halides has been made using techniques involving careful ‘preparation’ of the anodes prior to the introduction of organic substrate, followed by fluorination under controlled conditions. Studies were conducted on both bench scale and pilot plant scale operations. Reaction parameters are described in detail. The principal products were perfluorooctanoyl fluoride and a mixture of perfluorocylic ethers. The experiments established that reproducibility of the results could be achieved and that, by proper attention to reaction conditions, breakdown of the carbon skeleton was minimized; the variation of product ratios could be regulated to optimize the yield of desired materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614962
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrochemical fluorination of propene (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 6 (1976), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A study of the electrochemical fluorination of propene under rigidly controlled conditions has led to the development of a number of techniques which improve the reproducibility and chemical yields of the process. It has been shown that controlled ‘conditioning’ of the anode was critical to the reproducibility of the reactions. Control of the anode potential within specific limits during fluorination was essential to minimize breakdown of the organic compounds. The experimental data are discussed within the context of the possible reaction mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface deacidification of ZSM5 by SiCl4 treatment: Assessment of surface specificity by methylene blue adsorption (1989)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 2 (1989), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A study has been made of ZSM5 zeolite deacidification (dealumination) by high temperature treatment in SiCl4 vapour, monitoring total acidity by Na+-exchange, and external surface acidity by methylene blue adsorption (exchange), with comparative measurements of theN Si/NAl ratio (nominally external surface) by XPS. Using H-ZSM5, the highest specificity for external surface deacidification was found at the lowest usable values of treatment temperature, time andp Sicl4. Using Na-ZSM5 in place of H-ZSM5 did not offer a useful improvement. A steaming/HCl-leaching method was shown not to be suitable for selective external surface deacidification. Values ofN Si/NAl by XPS were dependent on the method of sample preparation, with mechanical stress (pelleting, pressing) tending to give abnormally low values due to crystal or aggregate fracture: this effect became more serious with increasing severity of SiCl4 treatment. Even after correcting for XPS emission from subsurface layers, agreement between surfaceN Si/NAl values from XPS and acidity measurements was poor for samples with a low degree of bulk deacidification (mild SiCl4 treatments), and is ascribed to non-acidic surface Al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00770225
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Faradaic impedance of the lithium-sulphur dioxide system. A kinetic interpretation (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 12 (1982), S. 537-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impedance measurements have been made on Li/SO2(C) cells containing an acetonitrile-based electrolyte in a range of states from newly assembled to completely discharged. The cell behaviour can be explained if it is assumed that the lithium is an irreversible electrode and that the SO2 electrode is reversible. The nominal exchange current density on the lithium is 0.7 mA cm−2 andα ≃ 0.37 for the cell Li/LiBr(2.35 mol dm−3), CH3CN, S2O 4 2− ¦SO2(6.25 mol dm−3)C
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614980
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impedance of the Li/SOCl2, BrCl primary cell (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 14 (1984), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impedance measurements show that the Li/SOCl2, BrCl cell has, to a first approximation, a relatively simple electrical behaviour. The chemistry of the cell is itself complicated and together with the very low interelectrode separation, this leads to the impedance behaving erratically as charge is withdrawn. It seems to be impossible to identify a suitable state-of-charge test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611257
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