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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control of vegetative growth index in oats (Avena spp.) (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Avena sterilis ; Oats-Grain yield ; Harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Vegetative growth index of cereals is defined as the mean quantity of vegetative tissue produced per unit land area per day. Thus, increasing vegetative growth index is a route by which biomass yield can be increased. The proportion of biomass that is translocated to grain is defined as harvest index. In midwestern USA, where harvest index of oats is optimum at ca. 45% and growth duration is restricted to 100–110 days by high temperature, diseases, and drought, breeding for higher vegetative growth index has been proposed as a way to increase grain yield potential for new cultivars. Twelve matings involving Avena sterilis-derived lines and A. sativa cultivars were used to study vegetative growth index. F2-derived lines from these matings were evalutated for vegetative growth index in microplots in field experiments in three environments with four replicates per environment. Vegetative growth index was found to be a quantitatively inherited trait. Heritability values for this trait averaged 54% when the unit of measurement was a microplot. Additive genetic control for vegetative growth index was indicated in seven matings, but in the remaining five, nonadditive gene action was involved in the inheritance patterns. High vegetative growth index segregates were produced more frequently from matings among unrelated parents than from matings of related ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308071
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation for grain yield and related traits in sorghum introgression populations (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Backcross ; Exotic germplasm ; Wild germplasm ; Epistasis ; Genetic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Each of two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars were crossed with representatives of three wild sorghum races. Backcross-derived sorghum populations containing 3.125 to 50% wild germplasm were evaluated for grain yield, 100-kernel weight, days to flower, and plant height. Population means increased linearly with backcrossing for kernel weight, increased curvilinearly for grain yield, decreased curvilinearly for plant height, and changed erratically for days to flower. For all traits, the relationship between genetic variance and level of backcrossing deviated significantly from that expected based on an additive model. Genetic variance usually reached a maximum in the BC1 or BC2. The BC1 genetic variance for grain yield, averaged over matings, was twice as large as the average BC0 genetic variance. An epistatic model involving gene regulation is proposed as a plausible explanation for the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252331
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving cultivated oats (A vena sativa L.) with alleles for vegetative growth index from A. sterilis L. (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Avena sterilis ; Biomass ; Vegetative growth index ; Transgressive segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ten Avena sterilis L. lines of Mediterranean origin were crossed with six A. sativa L. cultivars from the North Central USA. Additionally, six intervarietal crosses were made among the A. sativa cultivars. F2- derived lines from each cross type (interspecific and intraspecific) were evaluated for transgressive segregation for grain yield and several vigor traits. Mean percentages of transgressive segregates one LSD0.05 above the high parent for vegetative growth index and biomass were 9.0% and 9.8%, respectively, from interspecific crosses, but only 4.5% and 2.9%, respectively, from intraspecific crosses. However, there were two and a half times more high transgressive segregates for grain yield from intra than from interspecific crosses. The maximum vegetative growth index among segregates from interspecific crosses was 0.2 q/day/ha greater than the highest segregate from intraspecific crosses. However, mean harvest index was reduced materially by the introgression of A. sterilis germplasm. Because there was no genetic association between vegetative growth index and harvest index, however, it should be possible to improve both harvest index and vegetative growth index and, thus, the grain yield of cultivated oats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266897
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous selection for grain yield and protein percentage in backcross populations fromAvena sterilis ×A. sativa matings by using the independent culling levels procedure (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oats ; Selection ; Interspecific cross ; Protein ; Grain yield ; Avena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The method of independent culling levels was applied for simultaneous improvement in grain yield, protein percentage, and protein yield in a population of oat lines from the BC0–BC5 of the interspecific matingAvena sativa ×A. sterilis. Grain yield and protein percentage were subjected to selection with various combination of culling levels to give samples with 2% of the lines from the original population. — Intense selection for grain yield resulted in samples with high grain and protein yields but low protein percentage. Intense selection for protein percentage resulted in samples with high protein percentage but low grain and protein yields. The sample selected for protein yield only showed no significant difference from the recurrent parent for any trait. The recommended regime for improving protein percentage and grain and protein yields simultaneously was one that initially saved approximately 25–50% of the original population on the basis of protein percentage, and then provided intense selection for grain yield on the lines that remained. At least three backcrosses were necessary to obtain lines with high protein percentage and acceptable agronomic traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570906
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of two measures of vegetative growth rate with other traits in inter and intraspecific matings of oats (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 756-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Avena sterilis ; Biomass ; Vegetative growth rate at anthesis ; Vegetative growth rate at maturity ; Dry weight at anthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary F2-derived oat lines from inter (Avena sativa L. x A. sterilis L.) and intraspecific (among A. sativa cultivars) matings were evaluated in the F3, F4, and F5 generations for heading date, grain and straw yields, biomass, vegetative dry weight at anthesis, vegetative growth rates until anthesis (GRA) and until maturity (GRM), and harvest index. The associations of GRA and GRM with harvest index ranged from zero to slightly negative. The positive correlations of GRA and GRM with grain yield were stronger in inter than in intraspecific matings. Grain yield was positively associated with harvest index in both inter and intraspecific matings. The results suggest the use of A. sterilis x A. sativa matings to improve vegetative growth rate, grain yield, and, to a certain extent, harvest index simultaneously without affecting the growth duration of the crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266541
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical model for quantitatively inherited traits influenced by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 571-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic genome ; Extranuclear inheritance ; Reciprocal mating designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytoplasmic genes of crop species exhibit non-Mendelian inheritance and affect quantitative traits such as biomass and grain yield. Photosynthesis and respiration are physiological processes responsible, in part, for the expression of such quantitative traits and are regulated by enzymes encoded in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Cytoplasmic genes are located in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Unlike the nuclear genome, the cytoplasmic genomes consist of single, circular, double-stranded molecules of DNA, and in many crop species, the cytoplasmic genomes are inherited solely through the maternal parent. Maternal inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes and Mendelian inheritance of the nuclear genome were used to model the genotypic value of an individual. The model then was utilized to derive genetic variances and covariances for a random-mating population. Finally, the use of reciprocal mating designs to estimate variance components was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288854
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving grain yield in backcross populations from Avena sativa × A. sterilis matings by using independent culling for harvest index and vegetative growth index or unit straw weight (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 659-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oats ; Selection ; Growth rate ; Biological yield ; Independent culling ; Harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Grain yield was selected in Avena sativa X A. sterilis populations of segregates by applying independent culling for harvest index and either vegetative growth index or unit straw weight. Samples of lines intensively selected for harvest index had high harvest index but low grain yield because they had low vigor. Populations intensively selected for growth rate index or unit straw weight had high biological yield but low harvest index. Intensive selection for grain yield per se resulted in samples with high grain yield, but they were late and tall. Samples selected for harvest index at a 25% selection intensity first and subsequently selected for vegetative growth index or unit straw weight had grain yield as high as the samples selected for grain yield per se and vegetative growth index, and they had acceptable heading date and plant height. Backcrosses three and four were best, among the various BC generations, for selecting oat lines with high grain yield and suitable agronomic traits. CI 7463 was superior to CI 8044 as a recurrent parent, and B 445 was inferior to other A. sterilis accessions as a donor parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288867
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of genetic changes in radiated and non-radiated bulk oat (Avena sativa L.) populations (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Selective values ; Heterozygote advantage ; Inbreeding coefficient ; Mixed selfing ; Maximum likelihood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In both radiated and non-radiated oat populations inbreeding coefficients increased more slowly than was expected on the assumption of full selfing and equal selective values for homozygotes and heterozygotes. Assuming 1% outcrossing for oats and a selective value of 1.0 for the mean, the heterozygotes for two loci governing crown rust reaction have an advantage of 50% over the homozygotes. This study supports previous observations that the heterozygote often has a decided advantage in predominantly self-pollinated crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295449
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between groat protein percentage and certain plant and seed traits in interspecific oat crosses (1972)
    Springer
    Euphytica 21 (1972), S. 352-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten interspecific crosses of Avena sativa L. x A. sterilis L. were used to study associations of groat protein percentage with selected seed and agronomic traits. Each cross was grown in a replicated experiment, and the genetic material consisted of parents and F2-derived lines grown in the F4 generation. No close associations were found between groat protein percentage and plant height, heading date, or 10-groat weight. Individual crosses did show significant correlations, but none of the 3 traits was sufficiently associated with groat protein generally so as to be beneficial or inhibitory to combining high groat-protein percentage with the maturity, plant height, and 10-groat weight appropriate for good agronomic cultivars of oats. High groat-protein percentage was closely associated with abscission spikelet separation and jointed awn, both of which are A. sterilis traits. Shattering and dark seed color (A. sterilis traits) were also associated with high groat protein percentage, but kernel pubescence was not. Only a few segregates within each cross were A. sativa type for all 5 of the seed traits, but when A. sativa types from all crosses were grouped together, there was a large range for groat-protein percentages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036776
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for seed set in crosses of Avena sativa L. × A. Abyssinica Hochst. (1973)
    Springer
    Euphytica 22 (1973), S. 413-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary ‘Precoz’ oat line, discovered in a mass planting of wild oats in Colombia, is a tetraploid belonging to Avena abyssinica. It crossed easily with ‘Kyto’, but not with ‘Bacata’, both hexaploid oat cultivars. Pentaploid hybrid plants of Precoz × Kyto and Precoz × Bacata had 35 chromosomes, tended to have seven bivalents and 21 univalents at meiosis, and were completely sterile, Colchicine treatment of pentaploid F1 plants produced decaploid tillers from which five amphiploid seeds were obtained. Selection for high percentage of seed set in the third and fourth amphiploid generations of Precoz × Kyto gave fifth generation plants with 80–100% fertility. The chromosome numbers of these plants approximated the octoploid level. Some derivatives from crosses of third generation amphiploids with hexaploid cultivars had the hexaploid chromosome number and good fertility. Pentaploid hybrid plants and amphiploid derivatives from them were as early in heading as Precoz when tested at either 12-or 15-hour photoperiods. This suggests that the photoperiod response from Precoz is dominant and has good penetrance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022655
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